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Horticulture | A Wisdom Archive on Horticulture | | Horticulture A selection of articles related to Horticulture | |
| We recommend this article: Horticulture - 1, and also this: Horticulture - 2. |
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horticulture, Horticulture, Agriculture, Viticulture, Royal Horticultural Society, History of gardening
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Horticulture | | | |  Horticulture: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Dolly the sheepDolly (5 July 1996 – 14 February 2003), an ewe, was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in Scotland and lived there until her death when she was 6. Her birth was announced on 22 February 1997.
The name "Dolly" came from a suggestion by Jesse Haase who helped with her birth, in honour of Dolly Parton, because it was a mammary cell that was cloned. The technique that was made famous by her birth is somatic cell nuclear transfer, in which a non-reproductive cell c ...
See also:Cloning, Cloning - Cloning in biology, Cloning - Molecular, Cloning - Cellular, Cloning - Horticultural, Cloning - Natural clones, Cloning - Health aspects, Cloning - Human cloning, Cloning - Cloning extinct species, Cloning - Dolly the sheep, Cloning - Commercial cloning, Cloning - Ethical issues of cloning, Cloning - Christian views, Cloning - Publications, Cloning - Cloning in fiction, Cloning - End Notes Read more here: » Cloning: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Dolly the sheep |
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| | | | | Horticulture: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Commercial cloning While the promise of cloning extinct species has been a long standing justification for the development of cloning, there are many other applications, such as cloning animals (eg. cattle and horses), which appears to offer a much faster and more efficient way of propagating desirable genes (as chosen by humans) than traditional breeding.
Another application which has recently become feasible is the cloning of pets. The company Genetic Savings and Clone was established to provide such a service, using chromatid transfer which is arguab ...
See also:Cloning, Cloning - Cloning in biology, Cloning - Molecular, Cloning - Cellular, Cloning - Horticultural, Cloning - Natural clones, Cloning - Health aspects, Cloning - Human cloning, Cloning - Cloning extinct species, Cloning - Dolly the sheep, Cloning - Commercial cloning, Cloning - Ethical issues of cloning, Cloning - Christian views, Cloning - Publications, Cloning - Cloning in fiction, Cloning - End Notes Read more here: » Cloning: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Commercial cloning |
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| | | | | Horticulture: Encyclopedia II - Flower - Flowers in the arts The great variety of delicate and beautiful flowers has inspired the works of many poets, especially from the Romantic era. Famous examples include and William Wordsworth's I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud and William Blake's Ah! Sun-Flower:
Ah, Sun-flower weary of time,
Who countest the steps of the Sun,
Seeking after that sweet golden clime
Where the traveller's journey is done:
Where the Youth pined away with desire,
And the pale Virgin shrouded in snow
Arise from their graves, and aspire
Where my Sun-flower wishes to go.
...
See also:Flower, Flower - Flower anatomy, Flower - Floral formula, Flower - Flower function, Flower - Flowers in gardening and horticulture, Flower - Flowers in the arts, Flower - Flowers in everyday life, Flower - Flowers as symbols, Flower - Galleries, Flower - Types of Flowers, Flower - Other Pages Read more here: » Flower: Encyclopedia II - Flower - Flowers in the arts |
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| | | | | Horticulture: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Ethical issues of cloning
Cloning - Christian views.
Christian views of cloning are diverse and sometimes conflicting.
Roman Catholicism and other conservative Christian denominations believe that the soul enters the body at the moment of conception when the sperm and egg unite. They feel harvesting cells for embryonic cloning is tantamount to live human experimentation and contrary to God's will. Further, they maintain that producing cloned zygotes that are unlikely to survive is tantamount to murder. Some Christian conservatives express concern that cloned embryos would have no soul, since it ...
See also:Cloning, Cloning - Cloning in biology, Cloning - Molecular, Cloning - Cellular, Cloning - Horticultural, Cloning - Natural clones, Cloning - Health aspects, Cloning - Human cloning, Cloning - Cloning extinct species, Cloning - Dolly the sheep, Cloning - Commercial cloning, Cloning - Ethical issues of cloning, Cloning - Christian views, Cloning - Publications, Cloning - Cloning in fiction, Cloning - End Notes Read more here: » Cloning: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Ethical issues of cloning |
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| | | | | Horticulture: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Cloning in biology
Cloning - Molecular.
Cloning a gene means to extract a gene from one organism (for example by PCR) and insert it into a second organism (usually via a vector), where it can be used and studied. Cloning a gene sometimes can refer to success in identifying a gene associated with some phenotype. For example, when biologists say that the gene for disease X has been cloned, they mean that the gene's location and DNA sequence has been identified, although the ability to specifically copy the physical DNA is a side-effect of its identification. A related technique called subcloning refers to transferring a gene fr ...
See also:Cloning, Cloning - Cloning in biology, Cloning - Molecular, Cloning - Cellular, Cloning - Horticultural, Cloning - Natural clones, Cloning - Health aspects, Cloning - Human cloning, Cloning - Cloning extinct species, Cloning - Dolly the sheep, Cloning - Commercial cloning, Cloning - Ethical issues of cloning, Cloning - Christian views, Cloning - Publications, Cloning - Cloning in fiction, Cloning - End Notes Read more here: » Cloning: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Cloning in biology |
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| | | | | Horticulture: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Health aspects However, the success rate has been very low: Dolly was born after 276 failed attempts; 70 calves have been created from 9,000 attempts and one third of them died young; Prometea took 328 attempts, and, more recently, Paris Texas was created after 400 attempts. Notably, although the first clones were frogs, no adult cloned frog has yet been produced from a somatic adult nucleus donor cell.
A surprising development to do with aging resulted from finds that Dolly was apparently subject to accelerated aging. Aging of this type is thought ...
See also:Cloning, Cloning - Cloning in biology, Cloning - Molecular, Cloning - Cellular, Cloning - Horticultural, Cloning - Natural clones, Cloning - Health aspects, Cloning - Human cloning, Cloning - Cloning extinct species, Cloning - Dolly the sheep, Cloning - Commercial cloning, Cloning - Ethical issues of cloning, Cloning - Christian views, Cloning - Publications, Cloning - Cloning in fiction, Cloning - End Notes Read more here: » Cloning: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Health aspects |
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| | | | | Horticulture: Encyclopedia II - Botany - Scope and importance of botany As with other life forms in biology, plant life can be studied from different perspectives, from the molecular, genetic and biochemical level through organelles, cells, tissues, organs, individuals, plant populations, and communities of plants. At each of these levels a botanist might be concerned with the classification (taxonomy), structure (anatomy), or function (physiology) of plant life.
Historically, botany covers all organisms that were not considered to be animals. Some of these "plant-like" organisms include fungi (studied in ...
See also:Botany, Botany - Scope and importance of botany, Botany - Feed the world, Botany - Understand fundamental life processes, Botany - Utilise medicine and materials, Botany - Understand environmental changes, Botany - History, Botany - Early botany before 1945, Botany - Modern botany since 1945 Read more here: » Botany: Encyclopedia II - Botany - Scope and importance of botany |
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| | | | | Horticulture: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Cloning extinct species Cloning, or more precisely, the reconstruction of functional DNA from extinct species has, for decades, been a dream of some scientists. The possible implications of this were dramatized in the novel by Michael Crichton and high budget Hollywood thriller, called "Jurassic Park". In real life, one of the most anticipated targets for cloning was once the Woolly mammoth, but attempts to extract DNA from frozen mammoths have been unsuccessful.
In 2000, a cow named Bessie gave birth to a cloned Asian guar, an endangered species; this provi ...
See also:Cloning, Cloning - Cloning in biology, Cloning - Molecular, Cloning - Cellular, Cloning - Horticultural, Cloning - Natural clones, Cloning - Health aspects, Cloning - Human cloning, Cloning - Cloning extinct species, Cloning - Dolly the sheep, Cloning - Commercial cloning, Cloning - Ethical issues of cloning, Cloning - Christian views, Cloning - Publications, Cloning - Cloning in fiction, Cloning - End Notes Read more here: » Cloning: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Cloning extinct species |
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| | | | | Horticulture: Encyclopedia II - Gardening - Gardening compared to farming In respect to its food producing purpose, gardening is distinguished from farming chiefly by scale and intent. Farming occurs on a larger scale, and with the production of saleable goods as a major motivation. Gardening is done on a smaller scale, primarily for pleasure and to produce goods for the gardener's own family or community. There is some overlap between the terms, particularly in that some moderate-sized vegetable growing concerns, ...
See also:Gardening, Gardening - Gardening compared to farming, Gardening - Gardening is art, Gardening - Social aspect, Gardening - History, Gardening - Notable gardeners Read more here: » Gardening: Encyclopedia II - Gardening - Gardening compared to farming |
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| | | | | Horticulture: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Ethical issues of cloning
Cloning - Christian views.
Main article: Christian views on cloning
Christian views of cloning are diverse and sometimes conflicting.
Roman Catholicism and other conservative Christian denominations believe that the soul enters the body at the moment of conception when the sperm and egg unite. They feel harvesting cells for embryonic cloning is tantamount to live human experimentation and contrary to God's will. Further, they maintain that producing cloned zygotes that are unlike ...
See also:Cloning, Cloning - Cloning in biology, Cloning - Molecular, Cloning - Cellular, Cloning - Horticultural, Cloning - Natural clones, Cloning - Species cloned, Cloning - Ethical issues of cloning, Cloning - Christian views, Cloning - Health aspects, Cloning - Human cloning, Cloning - Cloning extinct species, Cloning - Dolly The Sheep, Cloning - Commercial cloning, Cloning - Technical Hurdles, Cloning - Publications, Cloning - Cloning in fiction, Cloning - End Notes Read more here: » Cloning: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Ethical issues of cloning |
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| | | | | Horticulture: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Health aspects However, the success rate has been very low: Dolly was born after 276 failed attempts; 70 calves have been created from 9,000 attempts and one third of them died young; Prometea took 328 attempts, and, more recently, Paris Texas was created after 400 attempts. Notably, although the first clones were frogs, no adult cloned frog has yet been produced from a somatic adult nucleus donor cell.
A surprising development to do with aging resulted from finds that Dolly was apparently subject to accelerated aging. Aging of this type is thought ...
See also:Cloning, Cloning - Cloning in biology, Cloning - Molecular, Cloning - Cellular, Cloning - Horticultural, Cloning - Natural clones, Cloning - Species cloned, Cloning - Ethical issues of cloning, Cloning - Christian views, Cloning - Health aspects, Cloning - Human cloning, Cloning - Cloning extinct species, Cloning - Dolly The Sheep, Cloning - Commercial cloning, Cloning - Technical Hurdles, Cloning - Publications, Cloning - Cloning in fiction, Cloning - End Notes Read more here: » Cloning: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Health aspects |
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| | | | | Horticulture: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Cloning extinct species Cloning, or more precisely, the reconstruction of functional DNA from extinct species has, for decades, been a dream of some scientists. The possible implications of this were dramatized in the novel by Michael Crichton and high budget Hollywood thriller, "Jurassic Park". In real life, one of the most anticipated targets for cloning was once the Woolly mammoth, but attempts to extract DNA from frozen mammoths have been unsuccessful.
In 2000,a cow named Bessie gave birth to a cloned Asian guar, an endangered species; this provided hope ...
See also:Cloning, Cloning - Cloning in biology, Cloning - Molecular, Cloning - Cellular, Cloning - Horticultural, Cloning - Natural clones, Cloning - Species cloned, Cloning - Ethical issues of cloning, Cloning - Christian views, Cloning - Health aspects, Cloning - Human cloning, Cloning - Cloning extinct species, Cloning - Dolly The Sheep, Cloning - Commercial cloning, Cloning - Technical Hurdles, Cloning - Publications, Cloning - Cloning in fiction, Cloning - End Notes Read more here: » Cloning: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Cloning extinct species |
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| | | | | Horticulture: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Dolly The Sheep Dolly (5 July 1996 – 14 February 2003), an ewe, was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in Scotland and lived there until her death when she was 6. Her birth was announced on 22 February 1997.
Ian Wilmut is the leader of the research team who created Dolly.
The name "Dolly" came from a suggestion by Jesse Haase who helped with her birth, in honour of Dolly Parton, because it was a mammary cell that was cloned. The technique that was made famous by her bi ...
See also:Cloning, Cloning - Cloning in biology, Cloning - Molecular, Cloning - Cellular, Cloning - Horticultural, Cloning - Natural clones, Cloning - Species cloned, Cloning - Ethical issues of cloning, Cloning - Christian views, Cloning - Health aspects, Cloning - Human cloning, Cloning - Cloning extinct species, Cloning - Dolly The Sheep, Cloning - Commercial cloning, Cloning - Technical Hurdles, Cloning - Publications, Cloning - Cloning in fiction, Cloning - End Notes Read more here: » Cloning: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Dolly The Sheep |
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| | | | | Horticulture: Encyclopedia II - Gardening - Gardening compared to farming In respect to its food producing purpose, gardening is distinguished from farming chiefly by scale and intent. Farming occurs on a larger scale, and with the production of saleable goods as a major motivation. Gardening is done on a smaller scale, primarily for pleasure and to produce goods for the gardener's own family or community. There is some overlap between the terms, particularly in that some moderate-sized vegetable growing concerns, ...
See also:Gardening, Gardening - Gardening compared to farming, Gardening - Gardens as art, Gardening - Social aspect, Gardening - History, Gardening - Notable gardeners Read more here: » Gardening: Encyclopedia II - Gardening - Gardening compared to farming |
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| | | | | Horticulture: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Commercial cloning While the promise of cloning extinct species has been a long standing justification for the development of cloning, there are many other applications, such as cloning animals (eg. cattle and horses), which appears to offer a much faster and more efficient way of propagating desirable genes (as chosen by humans) than traditional breeding.
Another application which has recently become feasible is the cloning of pets. The company Genetic Savings and Clone was established to provide such a service, using chromatid transfer which is arguab ...
See also:Cloning, Cloning - Cloning in biology, Cloning - Molecular, Cloning - Cellular, Cloning - Horticultural, Cloning - Natural clones, Cloning - Species cloned, Cloning - Ethical issues of cloning, Cloning - Christian views, Cloning - Health aspects, Cloning - Human cloning, Cloning - Cloning extinct species, Cloning - Dolly The Sheep, Cloning - Commercial cloning, Cloning - Technical Hurdles, Cloning - Publications, Cloning - Cloning in fiction, Cloning - End Notes Read more here: » Cloning: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Commercial cloning |
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| | | | | Horticulture: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Cloning in biology
Cloning - Molecular.
Cloning a gene means to extract a gene from one organism (for example by PCR) and insert it into a second organism (usually via a vector), where it can be used and studied. Cloning a gene sometimes can refer to success in identifying a gene associated with some phenotype. For example, when biologists say that the gene for disease X has been cloned, they mean that the gene's location and DNA sequence has been identified, although the ability to specifically copy the physical DNA is a side-effe ...
See also:Cloning, Cloning - Cloning in biology, Cloning - Molecular, Cloning - Cellular, Cloning - Horticultural, Cloning - Natural clones, Cloning - Species cloned, Cloning - Ethical issues of cloning, Cloning - Christian views, Cloning - Health aspects, Cloning - Human cloning, Cloning - Cloning extinct species, Cloning - Dolly The Sheep, Cloning - Commercial cloning, Cloning - Technical Hurdles, Cloning - Publications, Cloning - Cloning in fiction, Cloning - End Notes Read more here: » Cloning: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Cloning in biology |
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| | | | | Horticulture: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Species cloned The modern cloning techniques involving nuclear transfers have been successfully performed on several species. Land mark experiments in chronological order:
Tadpole: (1951)
Carp: (1963) In China, embryologist Tong Dizhou cloned a fish. He published the findings in an obscure Chinese science journal which was never translated into English. [2]
Sheep: (1986) From early embryonic cells by Steen Willadsen. Megan and Morag cloned from differentiated embryonic cells in June 1995 and Dolly the sheep in 1997.
...
See also:Cloning, Cloning - Cloning in biology, Cloning - Molecular, Cloning - Cellular, Cloning - Horticultural, Cloning - Natural clones, Cloning - Species cloned, Cloning - Ethical issues of cloning, Cloning - Christian views, Cloning - Health aspects, Cloning - Human cloning, Cloning - Cloning extinct species, Cloning - Dolly The Sheep, Cloning - Commercial cloning, Cloning - Technical Hurdles, Cloning - Publications, Cloning - Cloning in fiction, Cloning - End Notes Read more here: » Cloning: Encyclopedia II - Cloning - Species cloned |
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| | | | | Horticulture: Encyclopedia II - Agriculture in Australia - History of agriculture in Australia Following European settlement, the wool industry was the first large scale agricultural enterprise in Australia’s history. Wool was of key importance to the Australian economy, so much so that the phrase ‘Australia rides on the sheep’s back’ is still a part of the Australian vernacular. Wool production is less crucial today, the wool industry shrunk significatly in the 1990s due to low world prices and competition from synthetic fibre.
In the 1860s sugar was successfully grown in plantations in Queensland. A raw sugar mill was ...
See also:Agriculture in Australia, Agriculture in Australia - History of agriculture in Australia, Agriculture in Australia - Major agricultural products, Agriculture in Australia - Crops, Agriculture in Australia - Horticulture, Agriculture in Australia - Viticulture, Agriculture in Australia - Livestock, Agriculture in Australia - Dairy, Agriculture in Australia - Fisheries, Agriculture in Australia - Fibre, Agriculture in Australia - Governance, Agriculture in Australia - Future challenges, Agriculture in Australia - Drought, Agriculture in Australia - Salinity and soil acidity, Agriculture in Australia - Invasive species, Agriculture in Australia - Disease and pests, Agriculture in Australia - Animal Welfare, Agriculture in Australia - Genetically modified crops Read more here: » Agriculture in Australia: Encyclopedia II - Agriculture in Australia - History of agriculture in Australia |
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| | | | | Horticulture: Encyclopedia II - Agriculture in Australia - Major agricultural products Australia produces a large variety of primary products for both export and domestic consumption. The top ten agricultural products in 2001-2002 by value in Australian dollars were:
Agriculture in Australia - Crops.
Cereals, oilseeds and grain legumes are produced on a large scale in Australia for human consumption and livestock feed. Wheat is the cereal with the greatest production in terms of area and value to the Australian economy. Sugarcane, grown in tropical Australia is also an important crop; howeve ...
See also:Agriculture in Australia, Agriculture in Australia - History of agriculture in Australia, Agriculture in Australia - Major agricultural products, Agriculture in Australia - Crops, Agriculture in Australia - Horticulture, Agriculture in Australia - Viticulture, Agriculture in Australia - Livestock, Agriculture in Australia - Dairy, Agriculture in Australia - Fisheries, Agriculture in Australia - Fibre, Agriculture in Australia - Governance, Agriculture in Australia - Future challenges, Agriculture in Australia - Drought, Agriculture in Australia - Salinity and soil acidity, Agriculture in Australia - Invasive species, Agriculture in Australia - Disease and pests, Agriculture in Australia - Animal Welfare, Agriculture in Australia - Genetically modified crops Read more here: » Agriculture in Australia: Encyclopedia II - Agriculture in Australia - Major agricultural products |
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| | | | | Horticulture: Encyclopedia II - Agriculture in Australia - Governance Agriculture is both a federal and state responsibility in Australia. The Federal Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF) is involved in agricultural policy as well as running The Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service (AQIS). The states departments perform extension work, and have plant breeding programs to make cultivars with properties suitable for the conditions in each state. The state departments are:
Department of Agriculture Western Australia
Department of Agriculture, Mining, and Rural Aff ...
See also:Agriculture in Australia, Agriculture in Australia - History of agriculture in Australia, Agriculture in Australia - Major agricultural products, Agriculture in Australia - Crops, Agriculture in Australia - Horticulture, Agriculture in Australia - Viticulture, Agriculture in Australia - Livestock, Agriculture in Australia - Dairy, Agriculture in Australia - Fisheries, Agriculture in Australia - Fibre, Agriculture in Australia - Governance, Agriculture in Australia - Future challenges, Agriculture in Australia - Drought, Agriculture in Australia - Salinity and soil acidity, Agriculture in Australia - Invasive species, Agriculture in Australia - Disease and pests, Agriculture in Australia - Animal Welfare, Agriculture in Australia - Genetically modified crops Read more here: » Agriculture in Australia: Encyclopedia II - Agriculture in Australia - Governance |
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| | | | | | Horticulture: Encyclopedia II - Botany - History
Botany - Early botany before 1945.
Among the earliest of botanical works, written around 300 B.C., are two large treatises by Theophrastus: On the History of Plants (Historia Plantarum) and On the Causes of Plants. Together these books constitute the most important contribution to botanical science during antiquity and on into the Middle Ages. The Roman medical writer Dioscorides provides important evidence on Greek and Ro ...
See also:Botany, Botany - Scope and importance of botany, Botany - Feed the world, Botany - Understand fundamental life processes, Botany - Utilise medicine and materials, Botany - Understand environmental changes, Botany - History, Botany - Early botany before 1945, Botany - Modern botany since 1945 Read more here: » Botany: Encyclopedia II - Botany - History |
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