Hornbostel-Sachs

Formally, Hornbostel-Sachs is based on the Dewey Decimal classification. It has four top level classifications, with several levels below those, adding up to over 300 basic categories in all. The top two levels of the scheme, with explanations, are shown below: 1. Idiophones - sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air. In essence, this group includes all percussion instruments apart from drums, as well as some other instruments. 11 ...

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Hornbostel-Sachs, Hornbostel-Sachs - The skeleton of the system, Hornbostel-Sachs - The system applied in practice, Hornbostel-Sachs - Suffixes and composite instruments, Hornbostel-Sachs - External link

Read more here: » Hornbostel-Sachs: Encyclopedia II - Hornbostel-Sachs - The skeleton of the system

The cornett takes the form of a tube, typically about 60 cm. long, made of ivory or wood with woodwind-style fingerholes. Usually the cornett is octagonal in cross-section, and it is wrapped in leather or parchment, with the fingerholes penetrating this cover. The cornett is slightly curved, normally to the right, so that the player's left hand, playing the upper holes, and her right hand, playing the lower holes, can more comfortably reach their proper locations. At the top of the cornett there is a small mouthpiece of the kind used in brass instruments ...

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Cornett, Cornett - Construction, Cornett - Music for the cornett, Cornett - Playing the cornett, Cornett - The cornett and authentic performance, Cornett - Nomenclature

Read more here: » Cornett: Encyclopedia II - Cornett - Construction

A chordophone is any musical instrument which produces sound primarily by way of a vibrating string or strings stretched between two points. It is one of the four main divisions of instruments in the original Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification. What most westerners would call string instruments are classified as chordophones, violins, guitars, lyres, harps, for example. However, the word also embraces instruments that many westerners would hesitate to call string instruments, such as the musical bow and the piano (which, although sometimes called a string instrument, is also called a ...

Read more here: » Chordophone: Encyclopedia - Chordophone

The cornett or cornetto is an early wind instrument, dating from the Renaissance period. It was used in what are now called alta capellas or wind ensembles. It is not to be confused with the cornet. Cornett - Construction. The cornett takes the form of a tube, typically about 60 cm. long, made of ivory or wood with woodwind-style fingerholes. Usually the cornett is octagonal in cross-section, and it is wrapped in leather or parchment, with the fingerholes penetrating this cover. The cornett is slight ...

Including:

• Cornett - Construction
• Cornett - Music for the cornett
• Cornett - Playing the cornett
• Cornett - The cornett and authentic performance
• Cornett - Nomenclature

Read more here: » Cornett: Encyclopedia - Cornett

An aerophone is any musical instrument which produces sound primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate, without the use of strings or membranes, and without the vibration of the instrument itself adding considerably to the sound. It is one of the four main classes (class 4) of instruments in the original Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification. Hornbostel-Sachs divides aerophones by the fact whether vibrating a ...

Read more here: » Aerophone: Encyclopedia - Aerophone

A wind instrument is a musical instrument that contains some type of resonator (usually a tube), in which a column of air is set into vibration by the player blowing into (or over) a mouthpiece set at the end of the resonator. The pitch of the vibration is determined by the length of the tube and by manual modifications of the effective length of the vibrating column of air. Wind instrument - Techniques for obtaining ranges of notes. adjusting the effective length of the vibratin ...

Including:

• Wind instrument - Techniques for obtaining ranges of notes
• Wind instrument - Types of wind instruments

Read more here: » Wind instrument: Encyclopedia - Wind instrument

String instruments are usually categorized by the technique used to produce sound. In order for a string instrument to produce sound, its string or strings must vibrate. There are three common ways to initiate vibration. String instrument - Plucking. Instruments such as the guitar and kora and sitar are plucked, either by a finger or thumb, or by some other device such as a plectrum. String instrument - Bowing. Instruments like the cello and rebec are usually played by d ...

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String instrument, String instrument - Types of string insturuments, String instrument - Plucking, String instrument - Bowing, String instrument - Striking, String instrument - Other methods, String instrument - Contact points along the string, String instrument - Production of multiple notes, String instrument - Sound amplification, String instrument - Through resonance, String instrument - Electric amplification

Read more here: » String instrument: Encyclopedia II - String instrument - Types of string insturuments

String instruments are usually categorized by the technique used to produce sound. In order for a string instrument to produce sound, its string or strings must vibrate. There are three common ways to initiate vibration. String instrument - Plucking. Instruments such as the guitar, kora and sitar are plucked, either by a finger or thumb, or by some other device such as a plectrum. String instrument - Bowing. Instruments like the cello and rebec are usually played by draw ...

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String instrument, String instrument - Types of string instruments, String instrument - Plucking, String instrument - Bowing, String instrument - Striking, String instrument - Other methods, String instrument - String length or scale length, String instrument - Contact points along the string, String instrument - Production of multiple notes, String instrument - Sound amplification, String instrument - Through resonance, String instrument - Electric amplification

Read more here: » String instrument: Encyclopedia II - String instrument - Types of string instruments

Idiophones are instruments which make sound primarily by way of the instrument itself vibrating without the use of membranes or strings. List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 11. Struck idiophones. Idiophones set in motion by a percussion action (includes instruments shaken or scraped as well as directly struck instruments). Bell Castanets Chimes Cymbals: Crash cymbal Hi-hat cymbal Ride cymbal Splash cymbal ...

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List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 1. Idiophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 11. Struck idiophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 12. Plucked idiophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 13. Friction idiophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 14. Blown idiophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 2. Membranophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 21. Struck drums, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 22. Plucked drums, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 23. Friction drums, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 24. Singing membranes, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 3. Chordophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 31. Simple chordophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 32. Composite chordophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 4. Aerophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 41. Free aerophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 42. Non-free aerophones wind instruments proper, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 5. Electrophones

Read more here: » List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number: Encyclopedia II - List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 1. Idiophones

Wind instruments fall into one of the following categories: Brass instruments Woodwind instruments Although brass instruments were originally made of brass and woodwind instruments have traditionally been made of wood, the material used to make the body of the instrument is not always a reliable guide to its family type. For example, the saxophone is typically made of brass but is classified as a woodwind instrument due to the fact that it has a reed. On the other hand, the cornett and serpent, although ma ...

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Wind instrument, Wind instrument - Techniques for obtaining ranges of notes, Wind instrument - Types of wind instruments

Read more here: » Wind instrument: Encyclopedia II - Wind instrument - Types of wind instruments

Historically, the cornett was frequently used in consort with sackbutts (2 cornetts, 3 sackbutts), often to double a church choir. This was particularly popular in Venetian churches such as the Basilica San Marco, where extensive instrumental accompaniment was encouraged, particularly in use with antiphonal choirs. Giovanni Bassano was an example of a virtuoso early player of the cornett, and Giovanni Gabrieli wrote much of his resplendent polychoral music with him in mind. Heinrich Schütz also used the instrument extensively, especially in his earlier work; he had studied in Venice with Ga ...

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Cornett, Cornett - Construction, Cornett - Music for the cornett, Cornett - Playing the cornett, Cornett - The cornett and authentic performance, Cornett - Nomenclature

Read more here: » Cornett: Encyclopedia II - Cornett - Music for the cornett

String instrument - Through resonance. A vibrating string on its own makes only a very quiet sound, so string instruments are usually constructed in such a way that this sound is amplified either by a hollow resonating chamber, a soundboard, or both. On the violin, for example, the taut strings pass over a bridge resting on a hollow box. The strings' vibrations are distributed via the brid ...

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String instrument, String instrument - Types of string instruments, String instrument - Plucking, String instrument - Bowing, String instrument - Striking, String instrument - Other methods, String instrument - String length or scale length, String instrument - Contact points along the string, String instrument - Production of multiple notes, String instrument - Sound amplification, String instrument - Through resonance, String instrument - Electric amplification

Read more here: » String instrument: Encyclopedia II - String instrument - Sound amplification

In bowed instruments, the bow is normally placed perpendicularly to the string, at a point half way between the end of the fingerboard and the bridge. However, different bow placements can be selected to change timbre. Application of the bow close to the bridge (known as sul ponticello) produces an intense, sometimes harsh sound, which acoustically emphasizes the upper harmonics. Bowing above the fingerboard (sul tasto) produces a thin, "breathy" sound, emphasizing the fundamental frequency. Similar timbral distinctions are also possible with plucked string instruments by selecting an approp ...

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String instrument, String instrument - Types of string instruments, String instrument - Plucking, String instrument - Bowing, String instrument - Striking, String instrument - Other methods, String instrument - String length or scale length, String instrument - Contact points along the string, String instrument - Production of multiple notes, String instrument - Sound amplification, String instrument - Through resonance, String instrument - Electric amplification

Read more here: » String instrument: Encyclopedia II - String instrument - Contact points along the string

A vibrating string on its own makes only a very quiet sound, so string instruments are usually constructed in such a way that this sound is amplified either by a hollow resonating chamber, a soundboard, or both. On the violin, for example, the taut strings pass over a bridge resting on a hollow box. The strings' vibrations are distributed via the bridge to all surfaces of the instrument, and thus amplified. Achieving effective and beautiful resonance is something of an art, and the makers of string instruments often seek very high quality woods to this end, particularly spruce (chosen for its combination o ...

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String instrument, String instrument - Types of string insturuments, String instrument - Plucking, String instrument - Bowing, String instrument - Striking, String instrument - Other methods, String instrument - Contact points along the string, String instrument - Production of multiple notes, String instrument - Sound amplification, String instrument - Through resonance, String instrument - Electric amplification

Read more here: » String instrument: Encyclopedia II - String instrument - Through resonance

In bowed instruments, the bow is normally placed perpendicularly to the string, at a point half way between the end of the fingerboard and the bridge. However, different bow placements can be selected to change timbre. Application of the bow close to the bridge (known as sul ponticello) produces an intense, sometimes harsh sound, which acoustically emphasizes the upper harmonics. Bowing above the fingerboard (sul tasto) produces a thin, "breathy" sound, emphasizing the fundamental frequency. Similar timbral distinctions are also possible with plucked string instruments by selecting an approp ...

See also:

String instrument, String instrument - Types of string insturuments, String instrument - Plucking, String instrument - Bowing, String instrument - Striking, String instrument - Other methods, String instrument - Contact points along the string, String instrument - Production of multiple notes, String instrument - Sound amplification, String instrument - Through resonance, String instrument - Electric amplification

Read more here: » String instrument: Encyclopedia II - String instrument - Contact points along the string

Chordophones are instruments that produce sound primarily by the vibration of a string or strings. Gayageum Geomungo List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 31. Simple chordophones. Instruments consisting of a simple string bearer and strings - there may be an additional resonator, but removing it should not destroy the instrument (so the resonator should not be supporting the strings). Clavichord Harpsichord Musical bow Piano Zither L ...

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List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 1. Idiophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 11. Struck idiophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 12. Plucked idiophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 13. Friction idiophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 14. Blown idiophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 2. Membranophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 21. Struck drums, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 22. Plucked drums, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 23. Friction drums, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 24. Singing membranes, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 3. Chordophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 31. Simple chordophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 32. Composite chordophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 4. Aerophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 41. Free aerophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 42. Non-free aerophones wind instruments proper, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 5. Electrophones

Read more here: » List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number: Encyclopedia II - List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 3. Chordophones

Aerophones are instruments in which the vibrating air itself is the primary cause of sound. This can include a column of air being set in vibration (as in wind instruments) or an air-flow being interrupted by an edge (as in free-reeds). List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 41. Free aerophones. The vibrating air is not contained within the instrument.See also:

List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 1. Idiophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 11. Struck idiophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 12. Plucked idiophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 13. Friction idiophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 14. Blown idiophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 2. Membranophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 21. Struck drums, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 22. Plucked drums, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 23. Friction drums, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 24. Singing membranes, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 3. Chordophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 31. Simple chordophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 32. Composite chordophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 4. Aerophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 41. Free aerophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 42. Non-free aerophones wind instruments proper, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 5. Electrophones

Read more here: » List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number: Encyclopedia II - List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 4. Aerophones

Membranophones are instruments which make sound primarily by way of a vibrating membrane. This includes all drums. List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 21. Struck drums. Bass drum Bodhrán Bongo drum Conga Kettle drum O Daiko Octoban Snare drum Tabla Taiko Tambourine (the jingles also make this an idiophone) Timpani Tom-Tom ...

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List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 1. Idiophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 11. Struck idiophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 12. Plucked idiophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 13. Friction idiophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 14. Blown idiophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 2. Membranophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 21. Struck drums, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 22. Plucked drums, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 23. Friction drums, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 24. Singing membranes, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 3. Chordophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 31. Simple chordophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 32. Composite chordophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 4. Aerophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 41. Free aerophones, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 42. Non-free aerophones wind instruments proper, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 5. Electrophones

Read more here: » List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number: Encyclopedia II - List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number - 2. Membranophones

The cornett is generally agreed to be a difficult instrument to play. It embodies a design that survives in no modern instrument; that is, the main tube has only the length of a typical woodwind, but the mouthpiece is of the brass type, relying on the player's lips to form the musical sound. Most modern brass instruments are considerably longer than the cornett, which permits the tube resonances to ...

See also:

Cornett, Cornett - Construction, Cornett - Music for the cornett, Cornett - Playing the cornett, Cornett - The cornett and authentic performance, Cornett - Nomenclature

Read more here: » Cornett: Encyclopedia II - Cornett - Playing the cornett

After the number described above, a number of suffixes may be appended. An 8 indicates that the instrument has a keyboard attached, while a 9 indicates the instrument is mechanically driven. In addition to these, there are a number of suffixes unique to each of the top-level groups indicating details not considered crucial to the fundamental nature of the instrument. In the membranophone class, for instance, suffixes can indicate whether the skin of a drum is glued, nailed or tied to its body; in the chordophone class, suffixes can indicate whether ...

See also:

Hornbostel-Sachs, Hornbostel-Sachs - The skeleton of the system, Hornbostel-Sachs - The system applied in practice, Hornbostel-Sachs - Suffixes and composite instruments, Hornbostel-Sachs - External link

Read more here: » Hornbostel-Sachs: Encyclopedia II - Hornbostel-Sachs - Suffixes and composite instruments