Historically part of the Holy Roman Empire, the region has passed between French and German control numerous times, resulting in a rich cultural blend. It traditionally belongs, however, to the German Kulturkreis, as any glance at traditional buildings in the towns and villages and at placenames will confirm. Alsace - Language. In the beginning of the 21st century, the language most sp ...

See also:

Alsace, Alsace - Geography, Alsace - History, Alsace - Politics, Alsace - Economy, Alsace - Demographics, Alsace - Transport, Alsace - The road network, Alsace - The train network, Alsace - The river network, Alsace - Air traffic, Alsace - Religion, Alsace - Culture, Alsace - Language, Alsace - Cuisine, Alsace - Architecture, Alsace - Symbolism, Alsace - Tourism, Alsace - Administration, Alsace - Notable Alsatians

Read more here: » Alsace: Encyclopedia II - Alsace - Culture

Nowadays, Antigua is noted for its very elaborate religious celebrations for the Holy Week leading up to Easter. There are also many Spanish language schools located in Antigua. Because of individualized instruction and reasonable fees it has become one of the most popular places in Latin America to study Spanish. Students are usually housed with local host families, and can engage in many other activities apart from immersion language courses. Tourists come to see all that Antigua has to offer, including nightlife, bars, restaurants, markets selling Mayan goods ...

See also:

Antigua Guatemala, Antigua Guatemala - Population, Antigua Guatemala - History, Antigua Guatemala - Antigua today, Antigua Guatemala - Volcanoes

Read more here: » Antigua Guatemala: Encyclopedia II - Antigua Guatemala - Antigua today

Under Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and king of Spain, the region was part of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands, which also includes most of present-day Belgium, Luxembourg, and some land of France and Germany. In 1568 the Eighty Years' War started after the entire population had been condemned to death by the Holy See and confirmed by the king, and in 1579, the northern half of the Seventeen Provinces declared itself independent and formed the Union of Utrecht, which is seen as the foundation of t ...

See also:

Netherlands, Netherlands - Capital, Netherlands - History, Netherlands - Naming conventions, Netherlands - Politics, Netherlands - Provinces, Netherlands - Geography, Netherlands - Economy, Netherlands - Demographics, Netherlands - Culture, Netherlands - Languages, Netherlands - Religion, Netherlands - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Netherlands: Encyclopedia II - Netherlands - History

With Top-10 chart listings, translations into many languages, and publishers such as HarperCollins, Transworld, Barnes & Noble and Penguin, Laurence Gardner's books (along with Bloodline of the Holy Grail) include Realm of the Ring Lords, Genesis of the Grail Kings, and Lost Secrets of the Sacred Ark. This Amazon Top-10 seller, featured by the Daily Mail and on UK national TV in 2003, is now being adapted in Hollywood for big screen production. Laurence's n ...

See also:

Laurence Gardner, Laurence Gardner - Writings, Laurence Gardner - External link

Read more here: » Laurence Gardner: Encyclopedia II - Laurence Gardner - Writings

The term Reich means and was part of the German names for Germany for much of its history. The German name for the "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation" (9th century–1806) is Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation. However, it should be noted that Latin, not German, was the formal legal language of the mediaeval Empire, so English-speaking historians are more likely to use Latin imperium than German Reich ...

See also:

Reich, Reich - Historical usage, Reich - Etymology and cognates, Reich - Celtic group, Reich - Original Germanic group, Reich - Latin, Reich - Sanskrit, Reich - Others, Reich - References

Read more here: » Reich: Encyclopedia II - Reich - Historical usage

The most commonly used symbol is the 9 pointed star. No particular design is more desirable than others, as long as it has 9 points. The significance of the number "nine" comes from several sources. One of the sacred languages of the Bahá'í holy texts is Arabic, whose alphabet can be used to represent numbers, attaching a numerical value to words. The numerical value of Bahá’ is 9. The word Bahá’ (Arabic بهاء) is the root word for Bahá'í, Bahá'u'lláh, and Yá Bahá'ul 'Abhá. Bahá'u'lláh often referred to Bah� ...

See also:

Bahá'í symbols, Bahá'í symbols - The Haykal, Bahá'í symbols - Nine Pointed Star, Bahá'í symbols - The Ringstone Symbol, Bahá'í symbols - The Greatest Name

Read more here: » Bahá'í symbols: Encyclopedia II - Bahá'í symbols - Nine Pointed Star

Bar Ebroyo was born in the city of Melitene in 1226, and was christened as Youhanna. His father noticed his brilliancy and the intelligence he was endowed with, and henceforth he started to teach him early in his childhood the principles of languages and the different fields of knowledge. He then mastered the Syriac language and became well versed in exegesis and church liturgy. He learned Medicine from his father. He tells us about himself: since my childhood I have been extremely fond of learning. I mastered the Holy Books and ...

See also:

Bar-Hebraeus, Bar-Hebraeus - Family and origin, Bar-Hebraeus - Life and work, Bar-Hebraeus - Writings

Read more here: » Bar-Hebraeus: Encyclopedia II - Bar-Hebraeus - Life and work

Timothy of Alexandria, Meletius of Antioch, Gregory Nazianzus, and Nectarius of Constantinople successively presided. Gregory Nazianzus was appointed Patriarch of Constantinople, but soon resigned from the position a few months later, and Nectarius was then put in his place. The council affirmed the original Nicene creed of faith as true and an accurate explanation of Scripture. This council also developed a statement of faith which included the language of Nicea, but expanded the discussion on the Holy Spirit to combat heresies. It i ...

See also:

First Council of Constantinople, First Council of Constantinople - Background, First Council of Constantinople - The proceedings, First Council of Constantinople - Aftermath

Read more here: » First Council of Constantinople: Encyclopedia II - First Council of Constantinople - The proceedings

The Holy Roman Empire was an attempt to resurrect the Western Roman Empire in western Europe, which was established in 800 when Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as Roman Emperor on Christmas Day, though the empire and the imperial office did not become formalized for some decades. Charlemagne went on to adopt the title 'Augustus' from earlier Roman times. The name of the Empire in different languages: German: Heiliges Römisches Reich listen ▶ See also:

Holy Roman Empire, Holy Roman Empire - Character of the empire, Holy Roman Empire - Names and designations of the empire, Holy Roman Empire - Structure and institutions, Holy Roman Empire - King of the Romans German king, Holy Roman Empire - Imperial estates, Holy Roman Empire - Reichstag, Holy Roman Empire - Imperial courts, Holy Roman Empire - Imperial circles, Holy Roman Empire - Chronology, Holy Roman Empire - From the East Franks to the Investiture Controversy, Holy Roman Empire - The Empire under the Hohenstaufen, Holy Roman Empire - The rise of the territories after the Staufen, Holy Roman Empire - Imperial Reform, Holy Roman Empire - Crisis after Reformation, Holy Roman Empire - The long decline, Holy Roman Empire - Analysis, Holy Roman Empire - Successive German Reichs

Read more here: » Holy Roman Empire: Encyclopedia II - Holy Roman Empire - Names and designations of the empire

Easter - Western Christianity. In Western Christianity, Easter marks the end of the forty days of Lent, a period of fasting and penitence in preparation for Easter which begins on Ash Wednesday and ends at Easter Sunday. The week before Easter is very special in the Christian tradition: the Sunday before is Palm Sunday, and the last three days before Easter are Maundy Thursday or Holy Thursday, Good Friday and Holy Saturday (sometimes referred to as Silent Saturday). Palm Sunday, Maundy Thursday and Good F ...

See also:

Easter, Easter - Nature and development, Easter - Easter in the early Church, Easter - Date of Easter, Easter - Computations, Easter - Position in the church year, Easter - Western Christianity, Easter - Eastern Christianity, Easter - Religious observation of Easter, Easter - Western Christianity, Easter - Eastern Christianity, Easter - Non-religious Easter traditions, Easter - North America, Easter - Scandinavia, Easter - Central Europe, Easter - Easter controversies, Easter - Anti-Easter Christians, Easter - Possible pagan influences on Easter traditions, Easter - Easter as a Sumerian festival, Easter - Miscellaneous, Easter - Word for Easter in various languages

Read more here: » Easter: Encyclopedia II - Easter - Position in the church year

The name cannabis is thought to be of Scythian origin. Possibly it has an earlier origin in Semitic languages like Hebrew, in Exodus 30:23 God commands Moses to make a holy anointing oil of myrrh, sweet cinnamon, kaneh bosem, and kassia. In kaneh bosem (Hebrew קנה בשם) kaneh means "reed" or "cane", while bosem means "aromatic". Greek translations of the Old Testament rendered kaneh as "reed", leading to possibly erroneous English translations as sweet calamus (Exodus 30:23), sweet cane (Isaiah 43:24; Jeremiah 6:20) and calamusSee also:

Cannabis, Cannabis - Species, Cannabis - Etymology, Cannabis - Aspects of cannabis use, Cannabis - Pharmacology, Cannabis - Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol THC, Cannabis - Cannabinoids, Cannabis - Cannflavins, Cannabis - Terpenoids, Cannabis - The cannabinoid receptor system

Read more here: » Cannabis: Encyclopedia II - Cannabis - Etymology

After the Roman empire collapsed in the West in the fifth century, Latin continued to be used as the language of learning and diplomacy for some centuries. The Eastern Roman, or Byzantine emperors, were referred to as imperatores in Latin texts. After 800, the imperator was used (in conjunction with augustus) as a formal Latin title in succession by the Carolingian and German Holy Roman Emperors until 1 ...

See also:

Imperator, Imperator - Imperatores in the Roman Republic, Imperator - Imperator as an imperial title, Imperator - Post-Roman use, Imperator - Imperatrix, Imperator - Derivatives

Read more here: » Imperator: Encyclopedia II - Imperator - Post-Roman use

Tiruvalluvar's faith is disputed. There are accounts that he was a Jain but others portray him as a Hindu who had a modern and secular outlook to the world. In any case, Tamil people consider Tiruvalluvar to be a holy saint; and his work is called poy-ā—mozhi (false-never—speech or language). Many say that Tiruvalluvar was not concerned whether he followed Mahavira, and that he ignored the artificial boundaries between religions. It is generally bel ...

See also:

Tirukural, Tirukural - Etymology, Tirukural - Sections, Tirukural - Classical status, Tirukural - Tirukural and religion, Tirukural - The first couplet, Tirukural - Other famous couplets

Read more here: » Tirukural: Encyclopedia II - Tirukural - Tirukural and religion

Bactria was originally a province of the Persian Empire in Central Asia.(Cotterell, 59) It was in these regions, where the fertile soil of the mountainous country is surrounded by the Turanian desert, that the prophet Zoroaster preached and gained his first adherents. The sacred language in which the Avesta, the holy book of Zoroastrianism, is written, was once called "old Bactrian". Ba ...

See also:

Bactria, Bactria - Geography, Bactria - History, Bactria - Cyrus and Alexander, Bactria - Seleucid Empire, Bactria - Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Bactria - Indo-Greek Kingdom, Bactria - Contacts with China, Bactria - Tokharistan, Bactria - Archaeological sites

Read more here: » Bactria: Encyclopedia II - Bactria - History

Ahura Mazda is the beginning and the end, the creator of everything which can and cannot be seen, the Eternal, the Pure and the only Truth. Zoroastrian morality is summed up in the simple phrase, "Good Thoughts, Good Words, Good Deeds" ("Pendar-e Nik, Goftar-e Nik, Kerdar-e Nik" in the present day Persian) ["Homaato", "Hokhto", "Hovarasht", in the ancient language]. Daena (din in modern Persian) is the eternal Law, whose order was revealed to humanity through the Mathra-Spenta "Holy Words". Daena has been used to mean re ...

See also:

Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrianism - Principal beliefs, Zoroastrianism - Specific Zoroastrian concepts, Zoroastrianism - The Prophet, Zoroastrianism - Zoroaster's meditations, Zoroastrianism - Zoroaster's preaching, Zoroastrianism - Holy Book, Zoroastrianism - History, Zoroastrianism - Historical importance, Zoroastrianism - Principles of modern-day Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrianism - Adherents, Zoroastrianism - Famous Zoroastrians, Zoroastrianism - Notes

Read more here: » Zoroastrianism: Encyclopedia II - Zoroastrianism - Principal beliefs

Another important decision of Clement was in regard to the Chinese Rites controversy: the Jesuit missionaries were forbidden to take part in honors paid to Confucius or the ancestors of the emperors of China, which Clement identified as idolatrous, and to accommodate Christian language to pagan ideas under plea of conciliating the heathen. The political troubles of the time greatly embarrassed Clement's relations with the leading Catholic powers, and the moral prestige of the Holy See suffered much from his compulsory recognition of t ...

See also:

Pope Clement XI, Pope Clement XI - Pontificate, Pope Clement XI - Resistance to papal bull, Pope Clement XI - Chinese Rites controversy, Pope Clement XI - Personal library

Read more here: » Pope Clement XI: Encyclopedia II - Pope Clement XI - Chinese Rites controversy

The Holy Roman Empire emerged from the eastern part of the Carolingian Empire after its division in the Treaty of Verdun of 843, and lasted almost a millennium until its dissolution in 1806. It was never a unitary state; from the beginning it was made up of many ethnicities and languages and would at its height comprise territories ranging from eastern France to northern Italy and western Poland. Its unifying characteristic was its Carolingian heritage and strong religious connotations, it ...

See also:

Military history of Germany, Military history of Germany - Ancient times, Military history of Germany - The Holy Roman Empire 843-1806, Military history of Germany - The Napoleonic Wars 1805-1815, Military history of Germany - The making of a united Germany 1815-1871, Military history of Germany - German Empire 1871-1914, Military history of Germany - The First World War 1914-1918, Military history of Germany - The Interwar Period 1918-1939, Military history of Germany - The Second World War 1939-1945, Military history of Germany - The Cold War 1945-1989, Military history of Germany - Military today

Read more here: » Military history of Germany: Encyclopedia II - Military history of Germany - The Holy Roman Empire 843-1806

The first recorded use of the word "nation" was in 968, when Liutprand, bishop of Cremona, while confronting the Byzantine emperor on behalf of his patron Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, boldly declared in his report, "The Land": I answered, "which you say belongs to your empire belongs, as the nationality and language of the people proves, to the kingdom of Italy." (emphasis added)[1] The term derives from Latin natio and originally described the colleagues in a college or students, above all at the University of Paris, who ...

See also:

Nation, Nation - Etymology, Nation - Modern understanding, Nation - Related concepts, Nation - Links

Read more here: » Nation: Encyclopedia II - Nation - Etymology

Lorraine was originally an independent kingdom. It was created in 843, when the Carolingian empire was divided between the three sons of Louis the Pious. Named after the new ruler, Holy Roman Emperor Lothar, the area and other territories controlled by Lothar became known as Lotharingia. In France, this became known as Lorraine, while in Germany, it was eventually known as Lothringen. Lorraine is a frenchified version of the German title Lotharingen. In the Alemannic, the language once spoken in Lorraine, the -ingen suffix signified a property; thus, in a figurative sense, "Lotharingen" can ...

See also:

Lorraine province, Lorraine province - History, Lorraine province - Culture, Lorraine province - External link

Read more here: » Lorraine province: Encyclopedia II - Lorraine province - History

In the very early 19th century, the time in which the Brothers Grimm lived, the Holy Roman Empire had just met its fate, and Germany as we know it today did not yet exist; it was basically an area of hundreds of principalities and small or mid-sized countries. The major unifying factor for the German people of the time was a common language. There was as yet no significant German literary history. So part of what motivated the brothers in their writings and in their lives wa ...

See also:

Brothers Grimm, Brothers Grimm - Biography, Brothers Grimm - Collections of fairy tales, Brothers Grimm - Later editions, Brothers Grimm - Modern analysis, Brothers Grimm - Linguistics, Brothers Grimm - Miscellaneous, Brothers Grimm - Selection of fairy tales by the Brothers Grimm

Read more here: » Brothers Grimm: Encyclopedia II - Brothers Grimm - Linguistics

The original title was Margrave, see that article, or rather its original in German, Markgraf, with a few equivalents in other languages in use in parts of the Holy Roman Empire (such as Markgraaf in Dutch), Margravio in Italian). The English word derives from the Middle French marquis (feminine, marquise), ultimately from a Germanic word for 'border' (Mark) which in English became march, plural marches. The French form marquis is still sometimes used (especially in Scotland), though marquess ...

See also:

Marquess, Marquess - Origin, Marquess - Peerage of England, Marquess - Forms of address, Marquess - Outside Europe, Marquess - Equivalent titles, Marquess - Sources and References

Read more here: » Marquess: Encyclopedia II - Marquess - Origin

The original title was Margrave, see that article, or rather its original in German, Markgraf, with a few equivalents in other languages in use in parts of the Holy Roman Empire (such as Markgraaf in Dutch), Margravio in Italian). The English word derives from the Middle French marquis (feminine, marquise), ultimately from a Germanic word for 'border' (Mark) which in English became march, plural marches. The French form marquis is still sometimes used (especially in Scotland), though marquess ...

See also:

Marquess, Marquess - Origin, Marquess - Peerage of England, Marquess - Forms of address, Marquess - Outside Europe, Marquess - Equivalent titles, Marquess - Sources and references

Read more here: » Marquess: Encyclopedia II - Marquess - Origin