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History of Ukraine

A Wisdom Archive on History of Ukraine

History of Ukraine

A selection of articles related to History of Ukraine

History of Ukraine

ARTICLES RELATED TO History of Ukraine

History of Ukraine: Encyclopedia - Tsar

Tsar (Bulgarian and Serbian цар, Russian царь ▶ (help·info)), often spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English), was the title used for the autocratic monarchs of Bulgaria in 913-1396/1422 and 1908-1946, Serbia in the middle of the 14th century, and Russia from 1547 to 1917 (although this usage is only technically correct until 1721). Tsar - History of usage. "Tsar" is ...

Including:

Read more here: » Tsar: Encyclopedia - Tsar

History of Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - Western betrayal - Yugoslavia

At the Tehran Conference in November 1943, a decision was made by the Allies to cease their support of the Royalist Chetniks, and switch allegiances to Josip Broz Tito's communist Yugoslav National Liberation Army. While the West (primarily the UK) had supported the Yugoslav monarchy (allowing the exiled King to settle in London and providing assistance to the Chetniks via RAF and SOE) prior to 1943, the people of Yugoslavia had by and large already abandoned it, given how the kingdom deteriorated after the death of King Aleksandar an ...

See also:

Western betrayal, Western betrayal - Diplomacy & Eastern Europe Between the Wars, Western betrayal - Croatia, Western betrayal - Czechoslovakia, Western betrayal - Munich Conference, Western betrayal - Second World War Ally, Western betrayal - Finland, Western betrayal - Poland, Western betrayal - First World War aftermath, Western betrayal - Up to 1939, Western betrayal - 1940s, Western betrayal - Russia, Western betrayal - Spain, Western betrayal - Ukraine, Western betrayal - Yugoslavia, Western betrayal - Essays and articles, Western betrayal - Dictionaries

Read more here: » Western betrayal: Encyclopedia II - Western betrayal - Yugoslavia

History of Ukraine: Encyclopedia - Ukraine

Ukraine (Ukrainian: Україна, Ukrayina, /ukraˈjina/) is a country in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the northeast, Belarus to the north, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest and the Black Sea to the south. The territory of present-day Ukraine was a key centre of East Slavic culture in the Middle Ages, before being divided between a variety of powers, notably Russia, Poland, Lithuania, Austrian Empire, Romania and the Ott ...

Including:

Read more here: » Ukraine: Encyclopedia - Ukraine

History of Ukraine: Encyclopedia - Ukrainian language

Ukrainian (украї́нська мо́ва, ukrayins'ka mova, [ukraˈjinsʲka ˈmɔva]) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. It is the official state language of Ukraine. Ukrainian uses a Cyrillic alphabet. It shares some vocabulary with the languages of the neighboring Slavic nations, most notably with Belarusian, Polish, Russian and Slovakian. Ukrainian traces its origins to the Old East Slavic language of the ancient state of ...

Including:

Read more here: » Ukrainian language: Encyclopedia - Ukrainian language

History of Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - Western betrayal - Spain

A similar feeling occurred among the supporters of the Second Spanish Republic. During the Spanish Civil War, the democratic countries had taken to neutrality instead of supporting the democratically-elected republic against the rebels supported by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. At most, the people of France, Belgium and Britain took refugee children, and some foreign volunteers, mostly leftists, joined the International Brigades. Only the Soviet Union offered military help to the Republic. To this perception, they added the treatment of republican soldiers that fled to France who w ...

See also:

Western betrayal, Western betrayal - Diplomacy & Eastern Europe Between the Wars, Western betrayal - Croatia, Western betrayal - Czechoslovakia, Western betrayal - Munich Conference, Western betrayal - Second World War Ally, Western betrayal - Finland, Western betrayal - Poland, Western betrayal - First World War aftermath, Western betrayal - Up to 1939, Western betrayal - 1940s, Western betrayal - Russia, Western betrayal - Spain, Western betrayal - Ukraine, Western betrayal - Yugoslavia, Western betrayal - Essays and articles, Western betrayal - Dictionaries

Read more here: » Western betrayal: Encyclopedia II - Western betrayal - Spain

History of Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews in Russia today

History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jewish life. Since the dissolution of the USSR, democratization in the former USSR has brought with it a good deal of tragic irony for the country's minorities, especially the Jewish population. The absence of Soviet-era repression exposed the remaining Jews to a resurgence of anti-Semitism in the former Soviet Union. However, there has not been a return to mass anti-Semitic incidents in Russia or anywhere else throughout the former Soviet Union. The main central Jewish organization in Russia is the ...

See also:

History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Early History, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Tsarist Russia 1480s-1917, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Pogroms and the Pale of Settlement, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews and Bolshevism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After the October Revolution 1917-1991, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Lenin 1917-1924, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Stalin 1922-1953, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After Stalin, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The Soviet Union and Zionism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The collapse of the Soviet Union and emigration to Israel, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews in Russia today, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jewish life, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Anti-semitism in post-Soviet countries, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Assimilation trends, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Demographic data, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Footnotes

Read more here: » History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews in Russia today

History of Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews and Bolshevism

Many members of the Bolshevik party were ethnically Jewish, especially in the leadership of the party, and the percentage of Jewish party members among the rival Mensheviks was even higher. The idea of overthrowing the Tsarist regime was attractive to many members of the Jewish intelligentsia because of the oppression of non-Russian nations and non-Christians within the Russian Empire. For much the same reason, many non-Russians, notably Latvians or Poles, were disproportionately represented in the party leadership. This fact was abused by t ...

See also:

History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Early History, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Tsarist Russia 1480s-1917, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Pogroms and the Pale of Settlement, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews and Bolshevism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After the October Revolution 1917-1991, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Lenin 1917-1924, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Stalin 1922-1953, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After Stalin, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The Soviet Union and Zionism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The collapse of the Soviet Union and emigration to Israel, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews in Russia today, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jewish life, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Anti-semitism in post-Soviet countries, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Assimilation trends, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Demographic data, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Footnotes

Read more here: » History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews and Bolshevism

History of Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - Kievan Rus' - Early history of Kievan Rus′

According to the Primary Chronicle, the earliest chronicle of Kievan Rus′, a Varangian (Viking) named Rurik first established himself in Novgorod (he was selected as common ruler by several Slavic and Finnic tribes) in about 860 before moving south and extending his authority to Kiev. The chronicle cites him as the progenitor of the Rurik Dynasty. The Primary Chronicle says: Upon year 6367 (859): Varangians from over the sea had tribute from Chuds, Slavs, Merias, Veses, Krivichs.... Upon year 6370 (862): [They ...

See also:

Kievan Rus', Kievan Rus' - Early history of Kievan Rus′, Kievan Rus' - The Golden Age of Kiev, Kievan Rus' - The Rise of regional centers, Kievan Rus' - Novgorod Republic, Kievan Rus' - North-east, Kievan Rus' - South-west, Kievan Rus' - Influence, Kievan Rus' - Notes

Read more here: » Kievan Rus': Encyclopedia II - Kievan Rus' - Early history of Kievan Rus′

History of Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - Subdivisions of Ukraine - Oblasts

Most of Ukraine's oblasts (provinces) are named after their capital cities, officially called "centers" (Ukrainian singular: обласний центр, oblasnyi tsentr). The name of each oblast is a relative adjective, formed by adding a feminine suffix to the name of respective center city. E.g. Poltava is a center of Poltavs'ka oblast' (Poltava Oblast). Most of them are also sometimes referred to in a feminine noun form, following the convention of traditional regional place names, ending with the suffix "-shchyna". E.g. ...

See also:

Subdivisions of Ukraine, Subdivisions of Ukraine - General scheme of administrative subdivision, Subdivisions of Ukraine - Oblasts, Subdivisions of Ukraine - Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Subdivisions of Ukraine - Municipalities, Subdivisions of Ukraine - Administrative subdivision: Overview, Subdivisions of Ukraine - External link

Read more here: » Subdivisions of Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - Subdivisions of Ukraine - Oblasts

History of Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Assimilation trends

In the Tsarist Russia, assimilation, russification and conversion to the state religion of Orthodox Christianity were official policies. After coming to power and dealing severe blows to all religions, the Bolsheviks undertook efforts to form a new nation of the Soviet people (Советский народ). The Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union, one of the world's most ethnically diverse nations, with hundreds of distinct nationalities, was also home to a Jewish population of about two million before its disintegration in 199 ...

See also:

History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Early History, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Tsarist Russia 1480s-1917, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Pogroms and the Pale of Settlement, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews and Bolshevism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After the October Revolution 1917-1991, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Lenin 1917-1924, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Stalin 1922-1953, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After Stalin, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The Soviet Union and Zionism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The collapse of the Soviet Union and emigration to Israel, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews in Russia today, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jewish life, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Anti-semitism in post-Soviet Russia, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Assimilation trends, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Demographic data, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Footnotes

Read more here: » History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Assimilation trends

History of Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews in Russia today

History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jewish life. Since the dissolution of the USSR, democratization in the former USSR has brought with it a good deal of tragic irony for the country's minorities, especially the Jewish population. The absence of Soviet-era repression exposed the remaining Jews to a resurgence of anti-Semitism in the former Soviet Union. However, there has not been a return to mass anti-Semitic incidents in Russia or anywhere else throughout the former Soviet Union. The main central Jewish organization in Russia is the ...

See also:

History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Early History, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Tsarist Russia 1480s-1917, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Pogroms and the Pale of Settlement, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews and Bolshevism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After the October Revolution 1917-1991, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Lenin 1917-1924, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Stalin 1922-1953, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After Stalin, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The Soviet Union and Zionism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The collapse of the Soviet Union and emigration to Israel, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews in Russia today, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jewish life, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Anti-semitism in post-Soviet Russia, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Assimilation trends, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Demographic data, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Footnotes

Read more here: » History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews in Russia today

History of Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Tsarist Russia 1480s-1917

Documentary evidence as to the presence of Jews in Muscovite Russia is first found in the chronicles of 1471. The relatively small population of Jews were generally free of major persecution: although there were laws against them during this period, they do not appear to be strictly enforced. In the 1480s the principality of Muscovy became the religious equivalent of the Caliphate or Holy Roman Empire. Based on the theory of the Third Rome, it was believed that the Tsar ruled the only rightful, practically independent Orthodox state, ...

See also:

History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Early History, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Tsarist Russia 1480s-1917, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Pogroms and the Pale of Settlement, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews and Bolshevism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After the October Revolution 1917-1991, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Lenin 1917-1924, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Stalin 1922-1953, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After Stalin, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The Soviet Union and Zionism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The collapse of the Soviet Union and emigration to Israel, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews in Russia today, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jewish life, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Anti-semitism in post-Soviet Russia, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Assimilation trends, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Demographic data, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Footnotes

Read more here: » History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Tsarist Russia 1480s-1917

History of Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews and Bolshevism

Many members of the Bolshevik party were ethnically Jewish, especially in the leadership of the party, and the percentage of Jewish party members among the rival Mensheviks was even higher. The idea of overthrowing the Tsarist regime was attractive to many members of the Jewish intelligentsia because of the oppression of non-Russian nations within the Russian Empire. For much the same reason, many other non-Russians, notably Latvians or Poles, were disproportionately represented in the party leadership. This fact was abused by the Tsarist se ...

See also:

History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Early History, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Tsarist Russia 1480s-1917, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Pogroms and the Pale of Settlement, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews and Bolshevism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After the October Revolution 1917-1991, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Lenin 1917-1924, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Stalin 1922-1953, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After Stalin, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The Soviet Union and Zionism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The collapse of the Soviet Union and emigration to Israel, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews in Russia today, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jewish life, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Anti-semitism in post-Soviet Russia, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Assimilation trends, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Demographic data, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Footnotes

Read more here: » History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews and Bolshevism

History of Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The collapse of the Soviet Union and emigration to Israel

A mass emigration was politically undesirable for the Soviet regime. As increasing number of Soviet Jews applied to emigrate to Israel in the period following the 1967 Six Day War, many were formally refused permission to leave. A typical excuse given by the OVIR (ОВиР), the MVD department responsible for provisioning of exit visas was that the persons who had been given access at some point in their careers to information vital to Soviet national security could not be allowed to leave the country. After the Dymshits-Kuznet ...

See also:

History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Early History, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Tsarist Russia 1480s-1917, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Pogroms and the Pale of Settlement, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews and Bolshevism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After the October Revolution 1917-1991, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Lenin 1917-1924, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Stalin 1922-1953, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After Stalin, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The Soviet Union and Zionism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The collapse of the Soviet Union and emigration to Israel, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews in Russia today, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jewish life, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Anti-semitism in post-Soviet Russia, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Assimilation trends, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Demographic data, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Footnotes

Read more here: » History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The collapse of the Soviet Union and emigration to Israel

History of Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - Subdivisions of Ukraine - Administrative subdivision: Overview

The above-mentioned system reflects Ukraine's status as a unitary state (as stated in the country's constitution) with unified legal and administrative regime for each unit. However, experts agree that the wide autonomy of Crimea, the cultural and historical differences between provinces, combined with a lack of local democracy and order, diminish the formal unity of Ukraine significantly. The territorial, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of some oblasts (such as of Donetsk and Chernivtsi oblasts) also weaken Ukraine's unity. Th ...

See also:

Subdivisions of Ukraine, Subdivisions of Ukraine - General scheme of administrative subdivision, Subdivisions of Ukraine - Oblasts, Subdivisions of Ukraine - Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Subdivisions of Ukraine - Municipalities, Subdivisions of Ukraine - Administrative subdivision: Overview, Subdivisions of Ukraine - External link

Read more here: » Subdivisions of Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - Subdivisions of Ukraine - Administrative subdivision: Overview

History of Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Demographic data

The official census data on Jewish population of Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union.[15] The number of Jews has fallen from about 2.15 million in 1970 (the third largest population in the world, after the USA and Israel, and the fourth largest ethnic group in the Soviet Union) to 1.45 million in 1989 (less than 600,000 in Russia itself) and to some 250,000 in Russia, according to the 2002 census. The decline is mostly due to emigration to Israel, but cl ...

See also:

History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Early History, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Tsarist Russia 1480s-1917, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Pogroms and the Pale of Settlement, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews and Bolshevism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After the October Revolution 1917-1991, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Lenin 1917-1924, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Stalin 1922-1953, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After Stalin, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The Soviet Union and Zionism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The collapse of the Soviet Union and emigration to Israel, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews in Russia today, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jewish life, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Anti-semitism in post-Soviet Russia, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Assimilation trends, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Demographic data, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Footnotes

Read more here: » History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Demographic data

History of Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - Mykola Mel'nychenko - Events following the scandal

After he received asylum, Mel'nychenko's behavior became suspicious. He started to actively interfere with Ukraine's politics and foreign relations, making partisan comments for media and writing books based on his records. Most importantly, the Major continues to refuse to reveal details of the recording process or at least to present the whole volume of tapes. Although the CD "albums" of records are distributed throughout the world, Mel'nychenko has not indicated whether he is still in possession of further material. Instead, as the critic ...

See also:

Mykola Mel'nychenko, Mykola Mel'nychenko - Biography, Mykola Mel'nychenko - The 'Cassette Scandal', Mykola Mel'nychenko - Events following the scandal

Read more here: » Mykola Mel'nychenko: Encyclopedia II - Mykola Mel'nychenko - Events following the scandal

History of Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - Kievan Rus' - Early history of Rus′

According to the Primary Chronicle, the earliest chronicle of Kievan Rus′, a Varangian (Viking) named Rurik first established himself in Novgorod, located in modern Russia (he was selected as common ruler by several Slavic and Finnic tribes) in about 860 before moving south and extending his authority to Kiev. The chronicle cites him as the progenitor of the Rurik Dynasty. The Primary Chronicle says: Upon year 6367 (859): Varangians from over the sea had tribute from Chuds, Slavs, Merias, Veses, Krivichs.... U ...

See also:

Kievan Rus', Kievan Rus' - Early history of Rus′, Kievan Rus' - The Golden Age of Kiev, Kievan Rus' - The Rise of regional centers, Kievan Rus' - Novgorod Republic, Kievan Rus' - North-east, Kievan Rus' - South-west, Kievan Rus' - Influence, Kievan Rus' - Notes

Read more here: » Kievan Rus': Encyclopedia II - Kievan Rus' - Early history of Rus′

History of Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Early History

Tradition places Jews in southern Russia, Armenia, and Georgia since before the days of the First Temple, and records exist from the fourth century showing that there were Armenian cities possessing Jewish populations ranging from 10,000 to 30,000 along with substantial Jewish settlements in the Crimea. Under the influence of these Jewish communities Bulan, the Khagan Bek) of the Khazars, and the ruling classes of Khazaria adopted Judaism at some point in the mid-to-late eighth or early ninth centuries. After the overthrow of the Khazarian k ...

See also:

History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Early History, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Tsarist Russia 1480s-1917, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Pogroms and the Pale of Settlement, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews and Bolshevism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After the October Revolution 1917-1991, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Lenin 1917-1924, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Stalin 1922-1953, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After Stalin, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The Soviet Union and Zionism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The collapse of the Soviet Union and emigration to Israel, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews in Russia today, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jewish life, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Anti-semitism in post-Soviet countries, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Assimilation trends, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Demographic data, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Footnotes

Read more here: » History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Early History

History of Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Tsarist Russia 1480s-1917

Documentary evidence as to the presence of Jews in Muscovite Russia is first found in the chronicles of 1471. The relatively small population of Jews were generally free of major persecution: although there were laws against them during this period, they do not appear to be strictly enforced. In the 1480s the principality of Muscovy became the religious equivalent of the Caliphate or Holy Roman Empire. Based on the theory of the Third Rome, it was believed that the Tsar ruled the only rightful, practically independent Orthodox state, ...

See also:

History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Early History, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Tsarist Russia 1480s-1917, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Pogroms and the Pale of Settlement, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews and Bolshevism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After the October Revolution 1917-1991, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Lenin 1917-1924, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Stalin 1922-1953, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After Stalin, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The Soviet Union and Zionism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The collapse of the Soviet Union and emigration to Israel, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews in Russia today, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jewish life, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Anti-semitism in post-Soviet countries, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Assimilation trends, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Demographic data, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Footnotes

Read more here: » History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Tsarist Russia 1480s-1917

History of Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - Mykola Mel'nychenko - Biography

Mykola Mel'nychenko was born in Kyivs'ka oblast' to a family of peasants. He graduated from the Military Academy of Signals and Control in Kiev and became a KGB communications protection expert. In 1992, soon after the collapse of Soviet Union, Mel'nychenko started his career in Ukraine's personal protection agency (Upravlinnia Derzhavnoyi Okhorony—formerly the Ninth Directorate of the KGB's Ukrainian SSR branch and now a part of the SBU). Later, he joined President Leonid Kuchma's team of bodyguards and at the time of the scandal, Mel'nychenko held the rank of Major. His main duty was to protect the P ...

See also:

Mykola Mel'nychenko, Mykola Mel'nychenko - Biography, Mykola Mel'nychenko - The 'Cassette Scandal', Mykola Mel'nychenko - Events following the scandal

Read more here: » Mykola Mel'nychenko: Encyclopedia II - Mykola Mel'nychenko - Biography

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