History of Toulouse

Toulouse and Aquitaine (as well as Gascony) were once again part of the kingdom of the Franks. Following his victory, Pippin the Short died in 768 and was followed by his sons Charlemagne and Carloman. As a result of this event, Hunald, son of the late Duke Waifer, raised an insurrection against Frankish power in Aquitaine. Charlemagne soon intervened and defeated him. In 771 Carloman died and Charlemagne was left as the only ruler of the Frankish realm. In 778 Charlemagne led his army into Spain against the Arabs. On his way back there happ ...

See also:

History of Toulouse, History of Toulouse - Before 118 BC: pre-Roman times, History of Toulouse - 118 BC - AD 418: Roman period, History of Toulouse - 418-508: Visigoth kingdom of Toulouse, History of Toulouse - 508-768: Merovingian Franks and the duchy of Aquitaine, History of Toulouse - 768-877: Carolingian Franks and the kingdom of Aquitaine, History of Toulouse - 877-10th: county of Toulouse's first steps, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 11th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 12th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th to 14th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 15th to 16th, History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 17th, History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 18th, History of Toulouse - Revolution: 19th, History of Toulouse - Modern Day

Read more here: » History of Toulouse: Encyclopedia II - History of Toulouse - 768-877: Carolingian Franks and the kingdom of Aquitaine

Aquitaine (Gascon and Occitan: Aquitània; Basque: Akitania) (anciently "Guyenne" or "Guienne") now forms a région in south-western France along the Atlantic Ocean and the Pyrenees mountain range on the border with Spain. Aquitaine - History. In Roman times, the province of Gallia Aquitania originally comprised the region of Gaul between the Pyrenees Mountains and the Garonne River, but Augustus Caesar added to it the land between the Garonne and the Loire River. At this ...

Including:

• Aquitaine - History
• Aquitaine - Geography
• Aquitaine - Demographics

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Toulouse - City of Toulouse. The new mayor of Toulouse since May 6, 2004 is Jean-Luc Moudenc (center-right, member of the UMP party), who succeeded Philippe Douste-Blazy, appointed minister of Health in the French government on March 31, 2004. Philippe Douste-Blazy remains president of the Community of Agglomeration of Greater Toulouse. Toulouse - Community of Agglomeration of Greater Toulouse. Main article ...

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Toulouse, Toulouse - Population, Toulouse - Government and politics, Toulouse - City of Toulouse, Toulouse - Community of Agglomeration of Greater Toulouse, Toulouse - Local politics, Toulouse - Geography, Toulouse - History, Toulouse - Sights, Toulouse - Religious buildings, Toulouse - Museums, Toulouse - Economy, Toulouse - Colleges and universities, Toulouse - Transportation, Toulouse - Culture

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In Roman times, the province of Gallia Aquitania originally comprised the region of Gaul between the Pyrenees Mountains and the Garonne River, but Augustus Caesar added to it the land between the Garonne and the Loire River. At this stage the province extended inland as far as the Cevennes and covered an area about one third of the size of modern France. Aquitaine was quite thoroughly Romanized ...

See also:

Aquitaine, Aquitaine - History, Aquitaine - Geography, Aquitaine - Demographics

Read more here: » Aquitaine: Encyclopedia II - Aquitaine - History

Toulouse, known as the Ville Rose ("Pink City") for its distinctive brick architecture, is host to a rich and diverse culture. It has a thriving scene of unusually beautiful graffiti, with the painter Miss Van at its forefront. In sports, it boasts a respected rugby union team, Stade Toulousain, which has been a four-time finalist and three-time winner in Europe's top club competition in the sport, the Heineken Cup. The city also has a rugby league team, Toulouse Olympique, who have won the Fr ...

See also:

Toulouse, Toulouse - Population, Toulouse - Government and politics, Toulouse - City of Toulouse, Toulouse - Community of Agglomeration of Greater Toulouse, Toulouse - Local politics, Toulouse - Geography, Toulouse - History, Toulouse - Sights, Toulouse - Religious buildings, Toulouse - Museums, Toulouse - Economy, Toulouse - Colleges and universities, Toulouse - Transportation, Toulouse - Culture

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Toulouse - Religious buildings. Saint-Sernin basilica Notre-Dame du Taur church Church of the Jacobins and its cloister Saint-Étienne cathedral Daurade basilica Ursulines tower Toulouse - Museums. Museums in Toulouse include: Musée Georges Labit Museum Musée des Augustins Museum Museum d'Histoire Naturelle Museum of Modern Art, in the former slaughterhouse Cité de l'es ...

See also:

Toulouse, Toulouse - Population, Toulouse - Government and politics, Toulouse - City of Toulouse, Toulouse - Community of Agglomeration of Greater Toulouse, Toulouse - Local politics, Toulouse - Geography, Toulouse - History, Toulouse - Sights, Toulouse - Religious buildings, Toulouse - Museums, Toulouse - Economy, Toulouse - Colleges and universities, Toulouse - Transportation, Toulouse - Culture

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In addition to an extensive bus system, Toulouse has a modern metro system. The VAL (Véhicule Automatique Léger) metro system is made up of driverless (automatic) rubber-tired trams. The existing line A runs for 12.5km. It was recently extended and now runs from Balma-Gramont to Basso Cambo. Line C exists since line A, it is not VAL but classical railway line, it connects line A at Arènes. The new line B is planned to open in 2006 will add 20 stations and will intersect line A at Jean Jaurès. Line D (railway) and line E (tramway) are under construction too. (see List of Toulouse metro statio ...

See also:

Toulouse, Toulouse - Population, Toulouse - Government and politics, Toulouse - City of Toulouse, Toulouse - Community of Agglomeration of Greater Toulouse, Toulouse - Local politics, Toulouse - Geography, Toulouse - History, Toulouse - Sights, Toulouse - Religious buildings, Toulouse - Museums, Toulouse - Economy, Toulouse - Colleges and universities, Toulouse - Transportation, Toulouse - Culture

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Area: 41,400 km2 (7.6 % of France's total area) Major cities in Aquitaine include Bordeaux, Pau, Bayonne, Mont-de-Marsan, Biarritz, and Périgueux. Smaller major city : Agen. ...

See also:

Aquitaine, Aquitaine - History, Aquitaine - Geography, Aquitaine - Demographics

Read more here: » Aquitaine: Encyclopedia II - Aquitaine - Geography

The population of the city proper (French: commune) was 390,350 (as of the 1999 census), with 964,797 inhabitants in the metropolitan area (French: aire urbaine) (as of 1999 census). As of February 2004 estimates, the population of the city proper reached 426,700 inhabitants, which means a record 1.8% population growth per year between 1999 and 2004 for the city proper. Toulouse is the fourth largest city in France, after Paris, Marseille and Lyon. In 1999 Toulouse was the fifth largest metropolitan area in France, ...

See also:

Toulouse, Toulouse - Population, Toulouse - Government and politics, Toulouse - City of Toulouse, Toulouse - Community of Agglomeration of Greater Toulouse, Toulouse - Local politics, Toulouse - Geography, Toulouse - History, Toulouse - Sights, Toulouse - Religious buildings, Toulouse - Museums, Toulouse - Economy, Toulouse - Colleges and universities, Toulouse - Transportation, Toulouse - Culture

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Main article: History of Toulouse. See also: Counts of Toulouse Once a major metropolis of western Europe, Toulouse sank into a sleepy regional-level status in the 18th and 19th centuries, completely missing the Industrial Revolution. In the 20th century, relocation of key military and aerospace industries in Toulouse by the French central government have awakened the city again. In an ironic twist of history, what was once a big liability for Toulouse has now become its best asset: no Industrial Revolution meant a falling econ ...

See also:

Toulouse, Toulouse - Population, Toulouse - Government and politics, Toulouse - City of Toulouse, Toulouse - Community of Agglomeration of Greater Toulouse, Toulouse - Local politics, Toulouse - Geography, Toulouse - History, Toulouse - Sights, Toulouse - Religious buildings, Toulouse - Museums, Toulouse - Economy, Toulouse - Colleges and universities, Toulouse - Transportation, Toulouse - Culture

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The 15th century began with the creation of the Parliament by Charles VII. Promising an exemption of taxes, the King reinforced his influence and defied the Capitouls administration. Invested with the rights of jurisdiction, the Parliament gained its political independence thereafter. This century is also the stage of many food shortages. The roads were worn and unreliable, and Toulouse experienced a terrible fire in 1463. The dwellings located between the current Alsace-Lorraine street and the Garonne river were decimated. The city encounte ...

See also:

History of Toulouse, History of Toulouse - Before 118 BC: pre-Roman times, History of Toulouse - 118 BC - AD 418: Roman period, History of Toulouse - 418-508: Visigoth kingdom of Toulouse, History of Toulouse - 508-768: Merovingian Franks and the duchy of Aquitaine, History of Toulouse - 768-877: Carolingian Franks and the kingdom of Aquitaine, History of Toulouse - 877-10th: county of Toulouse's first steps, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 11th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 12th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th to 14th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 15th to 16th, History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 17th, History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 18th, History of Toulouse - Revolution: 19th, History of Toulouse - Modern Day

Read more here: » History of Toulouse: Encyclopedia II - History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 15th to 16th

The 13th century went in a political direction opposite to the path drawn by the past centuries. In 1229, the Treaty of Paris introduced the University of Toulouse, intending to teach the theology as well as the aristotelician philosophy. Copied from the Parisian model, the teaching was supposed to dissolve the heretic movement. Various monastic orders, like the order des frères prêcheurs congregation, were started. They found home in the Jacobins. In parallel, a long period of inquisition began inside the Toulouse walls. The fear of repression obliged the notabilities to exile, or to convert themselves. ...

See also:

History of Toulouse, History of Toulouse - Before 118 BC: pre-Roman times, History of Toulouse - 118 BC - AD 418: Roman period, History of Toulouse - 418-508: Visigoth kingdom of Toulouse, History of Toulouse - 508-768: Merovingian Franks and the duchy of Aquitaine, History of Toulouse - 768-877: Carolingian Franks and the kingdom of Aquitaine, History of Toulouse - 877-10th: county of Toulouse's first steps, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 11th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 12th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th to 14th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 15th to 16th, History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 17th, History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 18th, History of Toulouse - Revolution: 19th, History of Toulouse - Modern Day

Read more here: » History of Toulouse: Encyclopedia II - History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th to 14th

With Henri IV accessing to the throne, the Toulouse disorders came to an end. The Parliament recognized the King of France and the edict of Nantes was accepted in 1600. The Capitouls lost the last influences they had. A threat much more serious than La Fronde reached Toulouse in 1629 and 1652, leaving thousands of victims: the plague. For the first time, the municipality and the local Parliament took measures together to assist the people affected by the epidemic. Most of the clergy left the city. The richest people also fled. Only the doctors were required to stay. Starvation led the remaining Capitouls (see 1 ...

See also:

History of Toulouse, History of Toulouse - Before 118 BC: pre-Roman times, History of Toulouse - 118 BC - AD 418: Roman period, History of Toulouse - 418-508: Visigoth kingdom of Toulouse, History of Toulouse - 508-768: Merovingian Franks and the duchy of Aquitaine, History of Toulouse - 768-877: Carolingian Franks and the kingdom of Aquitaine, History of Toulouse - 877-10th: county of Toulouse's first steps, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 11th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 12th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th to 14th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 15th to 16th, History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 17th, History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 18th, History of Toulouse - Revolution: 19th, History of Toulouse - Modern Day

Read more here: » History of Toulouse: Encyclopedia II - History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 17th

It would be difficult to qualify the years which preceded the French revolution. Various artistic, religious, or architectural currents traversed the city during the 18th century. Louis de Mondran was the instigator of a new town planning, probably inspired by his stay in the capital. The principal achievements of this period were the Grand Rond, the Cours Dillon, and the frontage of the Capitole. In 1770, the Cardinal of Brienne inaugurated the first stone of the channel that was named after him. The channel that connects the ...

See also:

History of Toulouse, History of Toulouse - Before 118 BC: pre-Roman times, History of Toulouse - 118 BC - AD 418: Roman period, History of Toulouse - 418-508: Visigoth kingdom of Toulouse, History of Toulouse - 508-768: Merovingian Franks and the duchy of Aquitaine, History of Toulouse - 768-877: Carolingian Franks and the kingdom of Aquitaine, History of Toulouse - 877-10th: county of Toulouse's first steps, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 11th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 12th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th to 14th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 15th to 16th, History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 17th, History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 18th, History of Toulouse - Revolution: 19th, History of Toulouse - Modern Day

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Catharism is a doctrine coming from Bulgaria, professing the separation of the material and the spiritual existences. It conflicts with the orthodox confession. Called "heretics", the Cathares found a strong audience in the south of France, and during the 12th century. Simon de Montfort tried to exterminate them. Toulouse was reached by the Cathare doctrine too. The "white" orthodoxes pursued the "black" heretics in the streets of the city. The Foulques abbot took advantage of this because the ...

See also:

History of Toulouse, History of Toulouse - Before 118 BC: pre-Roman times, History of Toulouse - 118 BC - AD 418: Roman period, History of Toulouse - 418-508: Visigoth kingdom of Toulouse, History of Toulouse - 508-768: Merovingian Franks and the duchy of Aquitaine, History of Toulouse - 768-877: Carolingian Franks and the kingdom of Aquitaine, History of Toulouse - 877-10th: county of Toulouse's first steps, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 11th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 12th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th to 14th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 15th to 16th, History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 17th, History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 18th, History of Toulouse - Revolution: 19th, History of Toulouse - Modern Day

Read more here: » History of Toulouse: Encyclopedia II - History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th

The French Revolution is a major event in the Toulouse history. It changed the role of the city, as well as its political and social structure. The city was one of many spectators of the Parisian movement. The on-coming of the protests of July 14, 1789 had minor repercussions, punctuated by some plundering. Five months later, when the Old Regime was abolished, a new order took over. The members of the Parliament and the Capitouls (see 12th) fought to preserve their privileges, they manifested on September 25, and hardly received any support from a p ...

See also:

History of Toulouse, History of Toulouse - Before 118 BC: pre-Roman times, History of Toulouse - 118 BC - AD 418: Roman period, History of Toulouse - 418-508: Visigoth kingdom of Toulouse, History of Toulouse - 508-768: Merovingian Franks and the duchy of Aquitaine, History of Toulouse - 768-877: Carolingian Franks and the kingdom of Aquitaine, History of Toulouse - 877-10th: county of Toulouse's first steps, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 11th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 12th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th to 14th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 15th to 16th, History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 17th, History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 18th, History of Toulouse - Revolution: 19th, History of Toulouse - Modern Day

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The Visigoth kings of Toulouse, officially one of the foederati (federated allies) of the Roman Empire of the West and limited to Aquitania and Toulouse, soon started to encroach on neighboring territories. As allies of Rome, the Visigoths helped defeat various Germanic invaders in Spain, notably the Suevi, and took advantage of their position to expand their own territory south of the Pyrenees. They tried to conquer the Mediterranean coast of the remaining province of Gallia Narbonensis but were opposed by their Roman ally. In 439 th ...

See also:

History of Toulouse, History of Toulouse - Before 118 BC: pre-Roman times, History of Toulouse - 118 BC - AD 418: Roman period, History of Toulouse - 418-508: Visigoth kingdom of Toulouse, History of Toulouse - 508-768: Merovingian Franks and the duchy of Aquitaine, History of Toulouse - 768-877: Carolingian Franks and the kingdom of Aquitaine, History of Toulouse - 877-10th: county of Toulouse's first steps, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 11th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 12th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th to 14th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 15th to 16th, History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 17th, History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 18th, History of Toulouse - Revolution: 19th, History of Toulouse - Modern Day

Read more here: » History of Toulouse: Encyclopedia II - History of Toulouse - 418-508: Visigoth kingdom of Toulouse

The Romans started their conquest of southern Gaul (later known as the Provincia) in 125 BC. Moving westward, they founded in 118 BC the colony of Narbo Martius (Narbonne), the Mediterranean city nearest to inland Toulouse, and so they came into contact with the Tolosates, famous for their wealth and the key position of their capital for trade with the Atlantic. Tolosa chose to ally with the daunting Romans, who established a military fort in the plain north of the city, a key position near the border of independent Aquitania, but otherwise left the inhab ...

See also:

History of Toulouse, History of Toulouse - Before 118 BC: pre-Roman times, History of Toulouse - 118 BC - AD 418: Roman period, History of Toulouse - 418-508: Visigoth kingdom of Toulouse, History of Toulouse - 508-768: Merovingian Franks and the duchy of Aquitaine, History of Toulouse - 768-877: Carolingian Franks and the kingdom of Aquitaine, History of Toulouse - 877-10th: county of Toulouse's first steps, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 11th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 12th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th to 14th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 15th to 16th, History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 17th, History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 18th, History of Toulouse - Revolution: 19th, History of Toulouse - Modern Day

Read more here: » History of Toulouse: Encyclopedia II - History of Toulouse - 118 BC - AD 418: Roman period

The history of Toulouse can be traced as far back as the 8th century BC, according to the oldest archeological evidence of human settlement. The location was very advantageous: an easy crossing of the Garonne River, just as the northward river reaches strong hills and thus bends westward toward the Atlantic Ocean. It was a focal point for trade between the Pyrenees, the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. Immediately north of these hills was a large plain suitable for agriculture. People gathered on the hills overlooking the river, south of the ...

See also:

History of Toulouse, History of Toulouse - Before 118 BC: pre-Roman times, History of Toulouse - 118 BC - AD 418: Roman period, History of Toulouse - 418-508: Visigoth kingdom of Toulouse, History of Toulouse - 508-768: Merovingian Franks and the duchy of Aquitaine, History of Toulouse - 768-877: Carolingian Franks and the kingdom of Aquitaine, History of Toulouse - 877-10th: county of Toulouse's first steps, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 11th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 12th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th to 14th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 15th to 16th, History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 17th, History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 18th, History of Toulouse - Revolution: 19th, History of Toulouse - Modern Day

Read more here: » History of Toulouse: Encyclopedia II - History of Toulouse - Before 118 BC: pre-Roman times

Following the Frankish conquest, Toulouse entered a period of decline and anarchy. Bad weather, plagues, demographic collapse, decline of schools, education and culture were common features of the Frankish lands in the dark period of the 6th and 7th centuries. Following Clovis' death in 511, Aquitaine was divided between his sons (the Merovingian dynasty) like the rest of the kingdom. The period was extremely complex, with each Merovingian king fighting and murdering each other for the control of the whole of the Frankish realm, which was re ...

See also:

History of Toulouse, History of Toulouse - Before 118 BC: pre-Roman times, History of Toulouse - 118 BC - AD 418: Roman period, History of Toulouse - 418-508: Visigoth kingdom of Toulouse, History of Toulouse - 508-768: Merovingian Franks and the duchy of Aquitaine, History of Toulouse - 768-877: Carolingian Franks and the kingdom of Aquitaine, History of Toulouse - 877-10th: county of Toulouse's first steps, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 11th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 12th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 13th to 14th, History of Toulouse - Late Middle Ages: 15th to 16th, History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 17th, History of Toulouse - Renaissance: 18th, History of Toulouse - Revolution: 19th, History of Toulouse - Modern Day

Read more here: » History of Toulouse: Encyclopedia II - History of Toulouse - 508-768: Merovingian Franks and the duchy of Aquitaine