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History of the European Union | A Wisdom Archive on History of the European Union | | History of the European Union A selection of articles related to History of the European Union | |
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| | | History of the European Union | | | » Page 1 « Page 2 Page 3 More » | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO History of the European Union | | | |  History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the European Union - Enlargement of the EU
History of the European Union - 1973.
In January 1960, Britain and other OEEC members who didn't belong to the EEC formed an alternative association, the European Free Trade Association. But Britain soon realised that the EEC was more successful than the EFTA and decided to apply for membership. Ireland and Denmark, both of whom being heavily reliant on British trade, decided they would go wherever Britain went, and henc ...
See also:History of the European Union, History of the European Union - Pre-1945 influences, History of the European Union - Post 1945 impetus, History of the European Union - The three communities, History of the European Union - Enlargement of the EU, History of the European Union - 1973, History of the European Union - 1980s, History of the European Union - 1993, History of the European Union - 1995, History of the European Union - 2004, History of the European Union - 2007, History of the European Union - History of European integration, History of the European Union - Current issues Read more here: » History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the European Union - Enlargement of the EU |
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| | | | History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the European Union - Enlargement of the EU
History of the European Union - 1973.
In January 1960, Britain and other OEEC members who didn't belong to the EEC formed an alternative association, the European Free Trade Association. But Britain soon realised that the EEC was more successful than the EFTA and decided to apply for membership. Ireland and Denmark, both of whom being heavily reliant on British trade, decided they would go wherever Britain went, and henc ...
See also:History of the European Union, History of the European Union - Pre-1945 influences, History of the European Union - Post 1945 impetus, History of the European Union - The three communities, History of the European Union - Enlargement of the EU, History of the European Union - 1973, History of the European Union - 1980s, History of the European Union - 1993, History of the European Union - 1995, History of the European Union - 2004, History of the European Union - 2005, History of the European Union - History of European integration, History of the European Union - Current issues Read more here: » History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the European Union - Enlargement of the EU |
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| | | | History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Earliest origins of the Finns Finnish and Sami — the language of Lapland's small indigenous minority — are both Finno-Ugric languages and are in the Uralic rather than the Indo-European family. The closest related language to the Finnish with an official status is Estonian. Both Finnish and Estonian are Baltic Finnish or Finnic languages, while other Finno-Ugric languages are more distant.
The origins of the Finnish people and their language are a matter of reinvigorated controversy. In the 19th century the Finnish researcher Castrén prevailed with the theory ...
See also:History of Finland, History of Finland - Earliest origins of the Finns, History of Finland - Pre-history, History of Finland - The Middle Ages, History of Finland - The 16th century, History of Finland - The 17th century - the Swedish Empire, History of Finland - The 18th century - the Age of Reason, History of Finland - Russian Grand Duchy, History of Finland - Independence and Civil War, History of Finland - Finland in the inter-war era, History of Finland - Finland in World War II, History of Finland - Post-war era, History of Finland - Recent history Read more here: » History of Finland: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Earliest origins of the Finns |
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| | | | History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - Jean Monnet - World War I In 1914, Monnet was excused from military duty for health reasons but he set to making himself useful in other ways, namely by tackling the looming problem of organizing supplies, which the Allies were unable to resolve and which could have compromised the outcome of the conflict. Monnet believed that the only path that would lead to an Allied victory lay in the merging of France and England's war efforts and he proposed a plan that would co-ordinate war resources. The French ...
See also:Jean Monnet, Jean Monnet - Early years, Jean Monnet - World War I, Jean Monnet - World War II, Jean Monnet - European Coal and Steel Community, Jean Monnet - Common Market, Jean Monnet - His marriage, Jean Monnet - Quotes, Jean Monnet - Reference Read more here: » Jean Monnet: Encyclopedia II - Jean Monnet - World War I |
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| | | | History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Earliest origins of the Finns Finnish and Sami — the language of Lapland's small indigenous minority — are both Finno-Ugric languages and are in the Uralic rather than the Indo-European family. The closest related language to the Finnish with an official status is Estonian. Both Finnish and Estonian are Baltic Finnish or Finnic languages, while other Finno-Ugric languages are more distant.
The origins of the Finnish people and their language are a matter of reinvigorated controversy. In the 19th century the Finnish researcher Castrén prevailed that "their ori ...
See also:History of Finland, History of Finland - Earliest origins of the Finns, History of Finland - Prehistory, History of Finland - The Middle Ages, History of Finland - The 16th century, History of Finland - The 17th century - the Swedish Empire, History of Finland - The 18th Century - Age of Reason, History of Finland - Russian Grand Duchy, History of Finland - Independence and Civil War, History of Finland - Finland in the inter-war era, History of Finland - Finland in World War II, History of Finland - Post-War Era, History of Finland - Recent history Read more here: » History of Finland: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Earliest origins of the Finns |
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| | | | History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - History of Estonia - Period of Soviet and German Occupation
History of Estonia - Creation of Estonian SSR.
On June 16-17, 1940, the Soviet troops occupied the whole territory of Estonia and demanded a change to a new pro-Soviet puppet government. Similarly to the developments in neighboring Latvia and Lithuania, the occupation and change of government was then in the three countries followed by "parliamentary elections" where all but pro-Communist candidates were outlawed. The "parliament" so elected proclaimed Estonia a Socialist Republic on July 21, 1940 and unanimously ...
See also:History of Estonia, History of Estonia - Pre-history, History of Estonia - The Conquest, History of Estonia - The Middle Ages, History of Estonia - Swedish Period, History of Estonia - Part of Imperial Russia, History of Estonia - Independence, History of Estonia - Period of Soviet and German Occupation, History of Estonia - Creation of Estonian SSR, History of Estonia - German Occupation, History of Estonia - After World War II, History of Estonia - Regaining Independence, History of Estonia - Time line, History of Estonia - Prehistory, History of Estonia - Livonian Period, History of Estonia - Swedish period, History of Estonia - Russian Period, History of Estonia - Independent Estonia Read more here: » History of Estonia: Encyclopedia II - History of Estonia - Period of Soviet and German Occupation |
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| | | | History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - Countries bordering the European Union - Footnotes 1 Although the whole of Cyprus became part of the European Union on 1 May 2004, EU legislation only applies to the Republic of Cyprus, the southern part of the island. Greek Cypriots rejected the latest UN Plan for the reunification of Cyprus, perpetuating the existing partition on the island. Northern Cyprus is therefore de facto not part of the EU. All of Cyprus will become de facto part of the EU if and when a reunification plan is agreed by both sides.
2 French Guiana is a French départem ...
See also:Countries bordering the European Union, Countries bordering the European Union - As of 2004, Countries bordering the European Union - From 1995 to 2004, Countries bordering the European Union - From 1990 to 1995, Countries bordering the European Union - From 1986 to 1990, Countries bordering the European Union - From 1981 to 1986, Countries bordering the European Union - From 1973 to 1981, Countries bordering the European Union - From 1958 to 1973, Countries bordering the European Union - From 2010 projected, Countries bordering the European Union - Footnotes Read more here: » Countries bordering the European Union: Encyclopedia II - Countries bordering the European Union - Footnotes |
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| | | | History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - Javier Solana - Background and career as physicist Solana comes from a well-known Spanish family and is the grandson of Spanish League of Nations disarmament chief, diplomat, writer and European integrationist Salvador de Madariaga and Scottish scholar and economic historian Constance Archibald de Madariaga. His father was a chemistry professor, and his mother the writer Nieves Mathews. His older brother Luis was imprisoned for his political activities opposing the dictatorship of Francisco Franco.
He studied in the El Pilar College, an exclusive Catholic secondary school, before goin ...
See also:Javier Solana, Javier Solana - Background and career as physicist, Javier Solana - Spanish politics, Javier Solana - NATO, Javier Solana - Kosovo war, Javier Solana - EU foreign policy chief, Javier Solana - Foreign affairs, Javier Solana - Other Read more here: » Javier Solana: Encyclopedia II - Javier Solana - Background and career as physicist |
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| | | | History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - United Kingdom
Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Crown dependencies.
The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are not part of the United Kingdom, and are excluded from EU legislation (unless otherwise stated) by both treaties of Rome as amended in 1973 by British accession.
British citizens of these islands are European citizens if they have either at least one parent or grandparent born in the United Kingdom, or have acquired European citizenship through residency in the European Union, o ...
See also:Special member state territories and their relations with the EU, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Cyprus, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Northern part of the island, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Buffer zone, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - UK sovereign bases on Cyprus, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Denmark, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Faroe Islands, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Greenland, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Finland, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Åland Islands, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - France, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - French overseas departments and overseas regions, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - French overseas collectivities and New Caledonia, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - French Southern Territories, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Other unpopulated islands, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Germany, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Büsingen am Hochrhein, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Island of Heligoland, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Greece, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Mount Athos, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Italy, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Campione d'Italia, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Livigno comune, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Netherlands, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Netherlands Antilles and Aruba, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Portugal, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Azores and Madeira, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Spain, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Canary Islands, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Ceuta and Melilla, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - United Kingdom, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Crown dependencies, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Gibraltar, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Sovereign bases on Cyprus, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Other overseas territories, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Territories and their relationship with the European Union, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Former territories of European Union members, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - East Timor, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Hong Kong, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - Macau, Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - External link Read more here: » Special member state territories and their relations with the EU: Encyclopedia II - Special member state territories and their relations with the EU - United Kingdom |
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| | | | History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - Jean Monnet - World War II In December, 1939, Jean Monnet was sent to London to oversee the collectivization of the two countries' war production capacities. When the French government fell in June 1940, Monnet's influence inspired de Gaulle and Churchill to accept a plan for a union of France and the United Kingdom to enable the two countries to stand up to Nazism.
In August 1940, Jean Monnet was sent to the United States by the British government as a member of the British Supply Council, in order to negotiate the purchase of war supplies. Soon after his arri ...
See also:Jean Monnet, Jean Monnet - Early years, Jean Monnet - World War I, Jean Monnet - World War II, Jean Monnet - European Coal and Steel Community, Jean Monnet - Common Market, Jean Monnet - His marriage, Jean Monnet - Quotes, Jean Monnet - Reference Read more here: » Jean Monnet: Encyclopedia II - Jean Monnet - World War II |
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| | | | History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - Jean Monnet - Common Market In 1955, Monnet founded the Action Committee for the United States of Europe in order to revive European construction following the failure of the European Defense Community (EDC). It brought political parties and European trade unions together to become a driving force behind the initiatives which laid the foundation for the European Union as it eventually emerged: first the European Economic Community (EEC) (1958) (known commonly as the "Common Market"), which was established by the Treaty of Rome of 1957; later the European Community (196 ...
See also:Jean Monnet, Jean Monnet - Early years, Jean Monnet - World War I, Jean Monnet - World War II, Jean Monnet - European Coal and Steel Community, Jean Monnet - Common Market, Jean Monnet - His marriage, Jean Monnet - Quotes, Jean Monnet - Reference Read more here: » Jean Monnet: Encyclopedia II - Jean Monnet - Common Market |
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| | | | History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - Jean Monnet - European Coal and Steel Community Following liberation, Monnet proposed a "global plan for modernization and economic development" to the French government. Appointed Planning Commissioner by de Gaulle, he oversaw the revitalization of the French economy. It was from this position that, in 1949, Monnet realized that the friction between Germany and France for control of the Ruhr, the important coal and steel region, was rising to dangerous levels, presaging a possible return to hostilities as had happened after the First World War. Monnet and his associates conceived the ide ...
See also:Jean Monnet, Jean Monnet - Early years, Jean Monnet - World War I, Jean Monnet - World War II, Jean Monnet - European Coal and Steel Community, Jean Monnet - Common Market, Jean Monnet - His marriage, Jean Monnet - Quotes, Jean Monnet - Reference Read more here: » Jean Monnet: Encyclopedia II - Jean Monnet - European Coal and Steel Community |
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| | | | History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Recent history In the beginning of the 1990's the Finnish economy fell in to the severe depression. The depression was caused by overheated economy after liberalization in the 1980's, disappearance of a major trade partner almost overnight when the Soviet Union dissolved and bad economy policy combined with economic downturn in the Western trade partners. The most severe consequence of depression was mass unemployment (17%). In the latter half of the 1990's the economy saw strong recovered led by the success of Nokia in telecommunication market. However, the unempl ...
See also:History of Finland, History of Finland - Earliest origins of the Finns, History of Finland - Prehistory, History of Finland - The Middle Ages, History of Finland - The 16th century, History of Finland - The 17th century - the Swedish Empire, History of Finland - The 18th Century - Age of Reason, History of Finland - Russian Grand Duchy, History of Finland - Independence and Civil War, History of Finland - Finland in the inter-war era, History of Finland - Finland in World War II, History of Finland - Post-War Era, History of Finland - Recent history Read more here: » History of Finland: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Recent history |
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| | | | History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Finland in the inter-war era Despite of the Declaration of Independence calling Finland a Republic, initially, Finland was to be a constitutional monarchy. A German prince, Frederick Charles was elected King, putatively with the name Väinö I of Finland, with Pehr Evind Svinhufvud and General Mannerheim serving as Regents. However, Germany's defeat in World War I, meant that the idea was abandoned. Finland instead became a republic, w ...
See also:History of Finland, History of Finland - Earliest origins of the Finns, History of Finland - Prehistory, History of Finland - The Middle Ages, History of Finland - The 16th century, History of Finland - The 17th century - the Swedish Empire, History of Finland - The 18th Century - Age of Reason, History of Finland - Russian Grand Duchy, History of Finland - Independence and Civil War, History of Finland - Finland in the inter-war era, History of Finland - Finland in World War II, History of Finland - Post-War Era, History of Finland - Recent history Read more here: » History of Finland: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Finland in the inter-war era |
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| | | | History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Russian Grand Duchy (Main article: Grand Duchy of Finland)
During the Finnish War between Sweden and Russia, Finland was again conquered by the armies of Tsar Alexander I. The four Estates of occupied Finland were assembled at the Diet of Porvoo on March 29, 1809 to pledge allegiance to Alexander I of Russia. Following the Swedish defeat in the war and the signing of the Treaty of Fredrikshamn on September 17, 1809, Finland remained an autonomous Grand Duchy in the Russian Empire until the end of 1917, with Karelia handed back to Finland in 1812. During ...
See also:History of Finland, History of Finland - Earliest origins of the Finns, History of Finland - Prehistory, History of Finland - The Middle Ages, History of Finland - The 16th century, History of Finland - The 17th century - the Swedish Empire, History of Finland - The 18th Century - Age of Reason, History of Finland - Russian Grand Duchy, History of Finland - Independence and Civil War, History of Finland - Finland in the inter-war era, History of Finland - Finland in World War II, History of Finland - Post-War Era, History of Finland - Recent history Read more here: » History of Finland: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Russian Grand Duchy |
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| | | | History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Independence and Civil War In the aftermath of the February Revolution in Russia, Finland received a new Senate, a coalition-Cabinet with the same power structure as the Finnish Parliament. Based on the general election in 1916, the Social Democrats had a small majority, and the Social Democrat Oskari Tokoi became Prime Minister. The new Senate was willing to cooperate with revolutionary government of Russia, but no agreement was reached. The Finns' view was, basically, that the personal union with Russia was finished after the Tsar was dethroned. They expected the Cz ...
See also:History of Finland, History of Finland - Earliest origins of the Finns, History of Finland - Prehistory, History of Finland - The Middle Ages, History of Finland - The 16th century, History of Finland - The 17th century - the Swedish Empire, History of Finland - The 18th Century - Age of Reason, History of Finland - Russian Grand Duchy, History of Finland - Independence and Civil War, History of Finland - Finland in the inter-war era, History of Finland - Finland in World War II, History of Finland - Post-War Era, History of Finland - Recent history Read more here: » History of Finland: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Independence and Civil War |
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| | | | History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - Jean Monnet - His marriage In August 1929, during a dinner party in Paris, 41 years old Monnet met 22 years old Italian painter Silvia Giannini (née Bondini in 1907). She had recently (6th April 1929) married Francisco Giannini, an employee of Monnet when he was a representative of `Blair and Company` in Italy.
In April 1931, Silvia had a child, Anna. Legally the father was Francisco Giannini.
Divorce was not allowed in France and many other European countries. In 1934, Silvia and Jean Monnet met in Moscow; he was coming from China with the Trans-Siberian, she from Switzerland. He arranged for Silvia to obtain Soviet citizenship; she immediately d ...
See also:Jean Monnet, Jean Monnet - Early years, Jean Monnet - World War I, Jean Monnet - World War II, Jean Monnet - European Coal and Steel Community, Jean Monnet - Common Market, Jean Monnet - His marriage, Jean Monnet - Quotes, Jean Monnet - Reference Read more here: » Jean Monnet: Encyclopedia II - Jean Monnet - His marriage |
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| | | | History of the European Union: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Finland in World War II During World War II, Finland fought the Soviet Union twice: she defended herself against the Soviet Union in the Winter War of 1939-1940 (with limited but crucial support from Sweden), resulting in the loss of Finnish Karelia, and invaded the Soviet Union herself in the Continuation War of 1941-1944 (with considerable support from Nazi Germany), leading also to the loss of Finland's only ice-free winter harbour Petsamo. This was followed by the Lapland War of 1944-1945, when Finland fought against the Germans ...
See also:History of Finland, History of Finland - Earliest origins of the Finns, History of Finland - Prehistory, History of Finland - The Middle Ages, History of Finland - The 16th century, History of Finland - The 17th century - the Swedish Empire, History of Finland - The 18th Century - Age of Reason, History of Finland - Russian Grand Duchy, History of Finland - Independence and Civil War, History of Finland - Finland in the inter-war era, History of Finland - Finland in World War II, History of Finland - Post-War Era, History of Finland - Recent history Read more here: » History of Finland: Encyclopedia II - History of Finland - Finland in World War II |
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