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History of science and technology | A Wisdom Archive on History of science and technology | | History of science and technology A selection of articles related to History of science and technology | |
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History of science and technology
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ARTICLES RELATED TO History of science and technology | | | |  History of science and technology: Encyclopedia II - History of science and technology - BibliographyHistoriography of science
H. Floris Cohen, The Scientific Revolution: A Historiographical Inquiry, University of Chicago Press 1994 - Discussion on the origins of modern science has been going on for more then two hundred years. Cohen provides an excellent overview.
Ernst Mayr, The Growth of Biological Thought, Belknap Press 1985
Michel Serres,(ed.), A History of Scientific Thought, Blackwell Publishers 1995
Companion to Science in the Twentieth Century, John Krige (E ...
See also:History of science and technology, History of science and technology - Universities with HST departments, History of science and technology - Prominent historians of the field, History of science and technology - Bibliography, History of science and technology - Journals and periodicals, History of science and technology - Professional societies Read more here: » History of science and technology: Encyclopedia II - History of science and technology - Bibliography |
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| | | | History of science and technology: Encyclopedia II - Social construction of technology - The Strong Programme
Social construction of technology - Social Causation.
SCOT holds first that the reasons for the acceptance (or rejection) of any technology needs to found in the social world. If a technology succeeds because it is "best" then researchers must look at how "best" is defined and, more importantly, who defines it. These questions should include: Who Defines the technical criteria by which success is measured? Why are technical criteria defined in this way? Who is included or excluded and why?< ...
See also:Social construction of technology, Social construction of technology - The Strong Programme, Social construction of technology - Social Causation, Social construction of technology - Symmetry, Social construction of technology - Interpretative Flexibility, Social construction of technology - Design Flexibility, Social construction of technology - Closure, Social construction of technology - Criticism, Social construction of technology - External sites Read more here: » Social construction of technology: Encyclopedia II - Social construction of technology - The Strong Programme |
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| | | | History of science and technology: Encyclopedia II - Kardashev scale - Usage and examples Human civilization is currently somewhere below Type I, as it is able to harness only a portion of the energy that is available on Earth. The current state of human civilization has thus been named Type 0. Although intermediate values were not discussed in Kardashev's original proposal, Carl Sagan argued that they could easily be defined by interpolating the values given above. He calculated humanity's current civilization to be 0.7. He used a powe ...
See also:Kardashev scale, Kardashev scale - Usage and examples, Kardashev scale - Possible timeline, Kardashev scale - Function as a teleology, Kardashev scale - Weakness by supposition?, Kardashev scale - Counter-argument: abundance of alternative sources, Kardashev scale - Civilization implications, Kardashev scale - Contact constraints, Kardashev scale - Hypothetical extensions, Kardashev scale - Fictional extensions, Kardashev scale - Hypothetical futures, Kardashev scale - Type I, Kardashev scale - Type II, Kardashev scale - Type III, Kardashev scale - Type IV & V, Kardashev scale - Current values, Kardashev scale - Literature describing different Kardashev Types, Kardashev scale - Connections with sociology and anthropology, Kardashev scale - Notes Read more here: » Kardashev scale: Encyclopedia II - Kardashev scale - Usage and examples |
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| | | | History of science and technology: Encyclopedia II - History of physics - The scientific revolution The scientific revolution can be viewed as a flowering of the Renaissance and the portal to modern civilization. This was in part brought about by the re-discovery of those elements of ancient Greek, Indian, Chinese and Islamic culture preserved and further developed by Islam from the 8th to the 15th centuries, and translated by Christian Monks into Latin, such as the Almagest.
It started with only a few researchers, evolving into an enterprise which continues to the present day. Starting with astronomy, the principles of natur ...
See also:History of physics, History of physics - Antiquity, History of physics - Greek contributions to physics, History of physics - Middle-Eastern contributions to physics, History of physics - Indian contributions to physics, History of physics - The Middle Ages, History of physics - The scientific revolution, History of physics - 16th century, History of physics - 17th century, History of physics - 18th century, History of physics - 19th century, History of physics - 20th century, History of physics - Developments since 1990, History of physics - Developments since 2000, History of physics - Notes Read more here: » History of physics: Encyclopedia II - History of physics - The scientific revolution |
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| | | | History of science and technology: Encyclopedia II - Technology - The nature of technology
Technology - General characteristics.
With all of the technology in use in modern society, it may seem futile to attempt a generalized list of common characteristics. Many authors, such as McGinn (1991) and Winston (2003), list the following:
Complexity refers to the characteristic that most modern tools are difficult to understand. Some are easy to use, but difficult to comprehend source and means of make, such as a kitchen knife, or a baseball. Others are both difficult to use and difficult to comprehend, su ...
See also:Technology, Technology - Science and technology, Technology - History of technology, Technology - The nature of technology, Technology - General characteristics, Technology - Types of technology, Technology - Relationship with society, Technology - Economics and technological development, Technology - Funding, Technology - Other economic considerations, Technology - Side effects, Technology - Sociological, Technology - International, Technology - Environmental, Technology - Control, Technology - Autonomous technology, Technology - Government, Technology - Choice, Technology - Technology and philosophy, Technology - Technicism, Technology - Optimism pessimism and appropriate technology, Technology - Theories and concepts in technology Read more here: » Technology: Encyclopedia II - Technology - The nature of technology |
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| | | | History of science and technology: Encyclopedia II - History of chemistry - Early developments
History of chemistry - Origins.
Although the chemistry comes from the ancient Babylon, Egypt and especially Persia after Islam but, the birth of chemistry is often more strictly dated to Antoine Lavoisier's discovery of the law of conservation of mass, and thereby to his refutation of the phlogiston theory of combustion in 1783. (Phlogiston was supposed to be an almost undetectable substance liberated by flammable materials in burning.) Mikhail Lomonosov independently established a tradition of chemistry in Russi ...
See also:History of chemistry, History of chemistry - Early developments, History of chemistry - Origins, History of chemistry - The vitalism debate and organic chemistry, History of chemistry - The dispute about atomism, History of chemistry - The periodic table, History of chemistry - Industrial exploitation, History of chemistry - The modern definition of chemistry, History of chemistry - Quantum chemistry, History of chemistry - Molecular biology and biochemistry, History of chemistry - Semiconductor processing, History of chemistry - Notes Read more here: » History of chemistry: Encyclopedia II - History of chemistry - Early developments |
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| | | | History of science and technology: Encyclopedia II - History of physics - The scientific revolution The scientific revolution can be viewed as a flowering of the Renaissance and the portal to modern civilization. This was in part brought about by the re-discovery of those elements of ancient Greek, Indian, Chinese and Islamic culture preserved and further developed by Islam from the 8th to the 15th centuries, and translated by Christian Monks into Latin, such as the Almagest.
It started with only a few researchers, evolving into an enterprise which continues to the present day. Starting with astronomy, the principles of natur ...
See also:History of physics, History of physics - Antiquity, History of physics - Middle-Eastern contributions to physics, History of physics - Indian contributions to physics, History of physics - The Middle Ages, History of physics - The scientific revolution, History of physics - 16th century, History of physics - 17th century, History of physics - 18th century, History of physics - 19th century, History of physics - 20th century, History of physics - Developments since 1990, History of physics - Developments since 2000, History of physics - Notes Read more here: » History of physics: Encyclopedia II - History of physics - The scientific revolution |
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| | | | History of science and technology: Encyclopedia II - Technology - History of technology The history of technology is at least as old as humanity (certainly by the time of homo habilis); some primitive forms of tools have been discovered with almost every find of ancient human remains. Nevertheless, other animals have been found to use tools— and to learn to use and refine tools— so it is incorrect to distinguish humans as the tool-using or tool-making animal. The history of technology follows a progression from simple tools and simple (mostly human) energy sources to complex (high-technology) too ...
See also:Technology, Technology - Technology as tool, Technology - Technology as technique, Technology - Technology as a cultural force, Technology - Science engineering and technology, Technology - History of technology, Technology - The nature of technology, Technology - General characteristics, Technology - Types of technology, Technology - Relationship with society, Technology - Economics and technological development, Technology - Funding, Technology - Other economic considerations, Technology - Side effects, Technology - Sociological, Technology - International, Technology - Environmental, Technology - Control, Technology - Autonomous technology, Technology - Government, Technology - Choice, Technology - Technology and philosophy, Technology - Technicism, Technology - Optimism pessimism and appropriate technology, Technology - Theories and concepts in technology Read more here: » Technology: Encyclopedia II - Technology - History of technology |
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| | | | History of science and technology: Encyclopedia II - History of chemistry - Early developments
History of chemistry - Origins.
However, the birth of chemistry is often more strictly dated to Antoine Lavoisier's discovery of the law of conservation of mass, and thereby to his refutation of the phlogiston theory of combustion in 1783. (Phlogiston was supposed to be an almost undetectable substance liberated by flammable materials in burning.) Mikhail Lomonosov independently established a tradition of chemistry in Russia in the 18th century. Lomonosov also rejected the phlogiston theory, and anticipated the kinetic theory of gases. He regarded heat as a for ...
See also:History of chemistry, History of chemistry - Early developments, History of chemistry - Origins, History of chemistry - The vitalism debate and organic chemistry, History of chemistry - The dispute about atomism, History of chemistry - The periodic table, History of chemistry - Industrial exploitation, History of chemistry - The modern definition of chemistry, History of chemistry - Quantum chemistry, History of chemistry - Molecular biology and biochemistry, History of chemistry - Semiconductor processing, History of chemistry - Notes Read more here: » History of chemistry: Encyclopedia II - History of chemistry - Early developments |
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| | | | History of science and technology: Encyclopedia II - Technology - Technology and philosophy
Technology - Technicism.
Generally, Technicism is an overreliance or overconfidence in technology as a benefactor of society.
Taken to extreme, some argue that technicism is the belief that humanity will ultimately be able to control the entirety of existence using technology. In other words, human beings will eventually be able to master all problems, supply all wants and needs, possibly even control the future. (For a more complete treatment of the topic see the work of Egbert Schuurman, for example at [2].) Some, such as Monsma, et al., connect these ide ...
See also:Technology, Technology - Technology as tool, Technology - Technology as technique, Technology - Technology as a cultural force, Technology - Science engineering and technology, Technology - History of technology, Technology - The nature of technology, Technology - General characteristics, Technology - Types of technology, Technology - Relationship with society, Technology - Economics and technological development, Technology - Funding, Technology - Other economic considerations, Technology - Side effects, Technology - Sociological, Technology - International, Technology - Environmental, Technology - Control, Technology - Autonomous technology, Technology - Government, Technology - Choice, Technology - Technology and philosophy, Technology - Technicism, Technology - Optimism pessimism and appropriate technology, Technology - Theories and concepts in technology Read more here: » Technology: Encyclopedia II - Technology - Technology and philosophy |
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| | | | History of science and technology: Encyclopedia II - Technology - Control
Technology - Autonomous technology.
In one line of thought, technology develops autonomously, in other words technology seems to feed on itself, moving forward with a force irresistible by humans. To these individuals, technology is "inherently dynamic and self-augmenting." (McGinn, p. 73)
Jacques Ellul is one proponent of the irresistibleness of technology to humans. He espouses the idea that humanity cannot resist the temptation of expanding our knowledge and our technological abilities. He, however, doe ...
See also:Technology, Technology - Technology as tool, Technology - Technology as technique, Technology - Technology as a cultural force, Technology - Science engineering and technology, Technology - History of technology, Technology - The nature of technology, Technology - General characteristics, Technology - Types of technology, Technology - Relationship with society, Technology - Economics and technological development, Technology - Funding, Technology - Other economic considerations, Technology - Side effects, Technology - Sociological, Technology - International, Technology - Environmental, Technology - Control, Technology - Autonomous technology, Technology - Government, Technology - Choice, Technology - Technology and philosophy, Technology - Technicism, Technology - Optimism pessimism and appropriate technology, Technology - Theories and concepts in technology Read more here: » Technology: Encyclopedia II - Technology - Control |
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| | | | History of science and technology: Encyclopedia II - History of chemistry - Quantum chemistry Some view the birth of quantum chemistry in the discovery of the Schrödinger equation and its application to hydrogen atom in 1926. However, the 1927 article of Walter Heitler and Fritz London [1] is often recognised as the first milestone in the history of quantum chemistry. This is the first application of quantum mechanics to the diatomic hydrogen molecule. In the following years many progresses were performed by Robert S. Mulliken, Max Bor ...
See also:History of chemistry, History of chemistry - Early developments, History of chemistry - Origins, History of chemistry - The vitalism debate and organic chemistry, History of chemistry - The dispute about atomism, History of chemistry - The periodic table, History of chemistry - Industrial exploitation, History of chemistry - The modern definition of chemistry, History of chemistry - Quantum chemistry, History of chemistry - Molecular biology and biochemistry, History of chemistry - Semiconductor processing, History of chemistry - Notes Read more here: » History of chemistry: Encyclopedia II - History of chemistry - Quantum chemistry |
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| | | | History of science and technology: Encyclopedia II - Technology - Science engineering and technology The distinctions between science, engineering and technology are not always clear. Generally, science is the reasoned investigation or study of nature, aimed at discovering nonperishable relationships (principles) among elements of the experienced (phenomenal) world, generally employing formal techniques, i.e., some set of established rules of procedure, such as the scientific method. Engineering is the formal use of scientific principles to achieve a planned result. However, technology broadly involves the use and application of know ...
See also:Technology, Technology - Technology as tool, Technology - Technology as technique, Technology - Technology as a cultural force, Technology - Science engineering and technology, Technology - History of technology, Technology - The nature of technology, Technology - General characteristics, Technology - Types of technology, Technology - Relationship with society, Technology - Economics and technological development, Technology - Funding, Technology - Other economic considerations, Technology - Side effects, Technology - Sociological, Technology - International, Technology - Environmental, Technology - Control, Technology - Autonomous technology, Technology - Government, Technology - Choice, Technology - Technology and philosophy, Technology - Technicism, Technology - Optimism pessimism and appropriate technology, Technology - Theories and concepts in technology Read more here: » Technology: Encyclopedia II - Technology - Science engineering and technology |
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