History of Portugal

Portugal's name derives from the Roman name Portus Cale (Latin for Warm Port). Cale was the name of an early settlement located at the mouth of the Douro River, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean in the north of what is now Portugal. Around 200 BCE, the Romans took the Iberian Peninsula from the Carthaginians during the Second Punic War, and in the process conquered Cale and renamed it Portus Cale. During the Middle Ages, the region around Cale became known by the Visigoths as Portucale. Portucale evolved ...

See also:

History of Portugal, History of Portugal - Portugal, History of Portugal - Early history, History of Portugal - Roman Lusitania, History of Portugal - Germanic kingdoms, History of Portugal - Moorish rule and the Reconquista, History of Portugal - Affirmation of Portugal, History of Portugal - Discoveries Odyssey: Glory of the Empire, History of Portugal - Decline of the Empire, History of Portugal - Pombaline Era, History of Portugal - Crises of the Nineteenth Century, History of Portugal - The First Republic, History of Portugal - New State Estado Novo, History of Portugal - The Third Republic, History of Portugal - Timeline

Read more here: » History of Portugal: Encyclopedia II - History of Portugal - Portugal

The Castle of Almourol is situated in a small rocky island, in the middle of the Tagus river, in Portugal. The castle was a Templar Knights stronghold used during the Reconquista. Castle of Almourol - The conquest of the Castle. The origins of the occupation of this site are ancient. It is believed it was a primitive lusitanian redoubt and was occupied from Roman times until the late Middle Ages. It is certain that in 1129, when Portuguese troops conquered the land, the castle already existed and was called ...

Including:

• Castle of Almourol - The conquest of the Castle
• Castle of Almourol - The Castle and the Templar Knights
• Castle of Almourol - The abandonment and the castle's renaissance
• Castle of Almourol - The Castle as an headquarter for the dictatorial regime
• Castle of Almourol - Location of the castle

Read more here: » Castle of Almourol: Encyclopedia - Castle of Almourol

Al-Andalus - Conquest and early years. In 711 AD, a Moorish Islamic army from North Africa invaded Visigoth Hispania. Under their leader Tariq ibn-Ziyad, a small force landed at Gibraltar on April 30, 711. After a decisive victory at the Battle of Guadalete on July 19, 711, Tariq ibn-Ziyad brought most of the Iberian Peninsula under Islamic rule in a seven-year campaign. They moved northeast across the Pyrenees but were defeated by the Frank Charles Martel at the Battle of Tours in 732. The Iberian peninsula, exc ...

Including:

• Al-Andalus - History
• Al-Andalus - Conquest and early years
• Al-Andalus - The Emirate and Caliphate of Córdoba
• Al-Andalus - The First Taifa Period
• Al-Andalus - Almoravids Almohads and Marīnids
• Al-Andalus - The Emirate of Granada
• Al-Andalus - Aftermath
• Al-Andalus - Culture
• Al-Andalus - Non-Muslims Dhimmi under the Caliphate
• Al-Andalus - Philosophy
• Al-Andalus - Etymology of al-Andalus
• Al-Andalus - Vandalícia
• Al-Andalus - Atlántida
• Al-Andalus - Landahlauts

Read more here: » Al-Andalus: Encyclopedia - Al-Andalus

Afonso I of Portugal (English Alphonzo), more commonly known as Afonso Henriques (pron. IPA /ɐ.'fõ.su ẽ.'ʁi.kɨʃ/), or also Affonso (Archaic Portuguese), Alfonso or Alphonso (Portuguese-Galician) or Alphonsus (Latin version), (Guimarães, 1109, traditionally July 25 – Coimbra, 1185 December 6), also known as the Conqueror (Port. o Conquistador), was the first King of Portugal, declaring his independence from León. ...

Including:

• Afonso I of Portugal - Life
• Afonso I of Portugal - Afonso's descendants

Read more here: » Afonso I of Portugal: Encyclopedia - Afonso I of Portugal

The Celtici (Latin for "Celts") were an ancient Celtic tribe of Lusitania, akin to the Lusitanians and Gallaecians, living in what today are the provinces of Alentejo and the Algarve in modern Portugal, though some migrated north alongside some of the Turduli. They are the result of a third or even fourth wave of Indo-European migrations into the Iberian peninsula (whom the Romans called Hispania) that occured in the 4th Century BC, and where, ...

Including:

• Celtici - Exterior links

Read more here: » Celtici: Encyclopedia - Celtici

Conímbriga is one of the largest Roman settlements in Portugal, and is classified as a National Monument. Conímbriga lies 16 km from Coimbra and less than 2 km from Condeixa-a-Nova. The site also has a museum that displays objects found by archaeologists during their excavations. A restaurant/café is in the museum, which also has a gift shop. Although Conímbriga wasn't the biggest Roman city in Portugal, it's the best preserved. The city walls are largely intact, and the mosaic floors and foundations of many houses and publ ...

Including:

• Conímbriga - History

Read more here: » Conímbriga: Encyclopedia - Conímbriga

The countries that we now know as Spain and Portugal spent the Middle Ages after 722 in an intermittent struggle called the Reconquista. This struggle pitted the northern Christian kingdoms against the Islamic kingdoms of the South and among themselves. The Portuguese Reconquista culminated in 1272 with the conquest of Algarve by Afonso III, setting Portuguese borders almost in the Iberian Peninsula. During the 15th century, the Crown of Aragon and Portugal expanded territorially seawards (Castille did not complete the conquest ...

See also:

Portuguese Empire, Portuguese Empire - The beginnings of the empire 1415-1580, Portuguese Empire - The Habsburg kings 1580-1640, Portuguese Empire - The Empire of Brazil 1640-1822, Portuguese Empire - The African Empire 1822-1945, Portuguese Empire - Decline and Fall 1945-1999, Portuguese Empire - Territories of the Portuguese empire

Read more here: » Portuguese Empire: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese Empire - The beginnings of the empire 1415-1580

Afonso I was the son of Henry of Burgundy, Count of Portugal and Teresa of León, the illegitimate daughter of King Alfonso VI of Castile and León. He was proclaimed King on July 26, 1139, immediatly after the Battle of Ourique, and died on December 6, 1185 in Coimbra. At the end of the 11th century, the Iberian Peninsula political agenda was mostly concerned with the Reconquista, the driving out of the Muslim successor-states to the Caliphate of Córdoba after its collapse. With European military aristocracies focused on the ...

See also:

Afonso I of Portugal, Afonso I of Portugal - Life, Afonso I of Portugal - Afonso's descendants

Read more here: » Afonso I of Portugal: Encyclopedia II - Afonso I of Portugal - Life

Pedro I was born in the Queluz Palace, near Lisbon. His father was the regent prince at the time but would soon become King John VI of Portugal (João VI); his mother was Charlotte of Spain, daughter of Charles IV of Spain. His full name was Pedro de Alcântara Francisco António João Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim José Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim de Bragança e Bourbon. In 1807, when he was nine, the royal family moved to Brazil in order to escape the Napoleonic Wars. The family would remain in Brazil for ...

See also:

Pedro I of Brazil, Pedro I of Brazil - Early years, Pedro I of Brazil - Brazilian independence, Pedro I of Brazil - Troubled reign, Pedro I of Brazil - Return to Portugal, Pedro I of Brazil - Children

Read more here: » Pedro I of Brazil: Encyclopedia II - Pedro I of Brazil - Early years

The Lusitanians were primarily a single tribe that lived between the rivers Douro and Tagus. Later, the name Lusitania was adopted by ancient Calaicians or Gallaeci (tribes living in the north of Douro River) and other closely surrounding tribes, eventually spreading as a label to all the local people fighting the Roman rule - but also because they were all culturally and ethnically very similar. Most of these tribes w ...

See also:

Lusitanians, Lusitanians - Culture, Lusitanians - Religion, Lusitanians - Language, Lusitanians - Tribes, Lusitanians - War with the Romans and eventual Romanisation, Lusitanians - Exterior links

Read more here: » Lusitanians: Encyclopedia II - Lusitanians - Tribes

List of Portuguese monarchs - House of Vímara Peres. The bases of the Portuguese nationality lie in 868 when Alfonso III of Leon gave Vímara Peres the lands between the Minho and Douro rivers, in the south of Galicia. In the period of Reconquista Vímara ruled over a County named after the city of Portucale (today's Porto) and based in Guimarães. The First County of Portugal would last for two centuries when the last count, Nuno Mendes, lost the Battle of Pedroso to Garcia II of Galicia and Portugal, so ...

See also:

List of Portuguese monarchs, List of Portuguese monarchs - County of Portugal, List of Portuguese monarchs - House of Vímara Peres, List of Portuguese monarchs - House of Burgundy, List of Portuguese monarchs - 1st Dynasty: Dynasty of Burgundy or Afonsine Royal House of Burgundy, List of Portuguese monarchs - 2nd Dynasty: Dynasty of Aviz or Joaninne Dynasty Royal House of Aviz, List of Portuguese monarchs - 3rd Dynasty: Philippine Castilian of Habsburg Dynasty Royal House of Habsburg - Personal union with Spain, List of Portuguese monarchs - 4th Dynasty: Dynasty of Braganza or Brigantine Dynasty Royal House of Braganza, List of Portuguese monarchs - Braganza-Saxe-Coburg-Gotha or Braganza-Wettin branch

Read more here: » List of Portuguese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - List of Portuguese monarchs - County of Portugal

The etymology of Lusitania, like the origin of the Lusitani, is unclear. The name may be of Celtic origin: Lus and Tanus, "tribe of Lusus". others say that Lusitania means "City of light". Ancient Romans, such as Pliny the Elder (Natural History, 3.5) and Varro (cited by Pliny), speculated that the name Lusitania was of Roman origin, as when Pliny says lusum enim liberi patris aut lyssam cum eo bacchantium nomen dedisse lusitaniae et pana praefectum eius universae: that Lusitania takes its nam ...

See also:

Lusitania, Lusitania - Origin of the name, Lusitania - Lusitanians, Lusitania - The war with Rome, Lusitania - Roman province

Read more here: » Lusitania: Encyclopedia II - Lusitania - Origin of the name

The major part of the Punic Wars, fought between the Punic Carthaginians and the Romans, was fought on Iberian lands. Rome gained control of the Iberian Peninsula in 201 BC after the defeat of Carthage in the Second Punic War. By then the Romans had adopted the Carthaginian name, romanized first as Ispania. The term later received an H, much like what happened with Hibernia, and was pluralized as Hispanias< ...

See also:

Hispania, Hispania - Origin of the Name, Hispania - Prehistory and Early History, Hispania - Roman Hispania, Hispania - The Hispaniae 'Spains', Hispania - Later History, Hispania - Visigoths and Arabs, Hispania - Sources and References, Hispania - Modern sources in Spanish and Portuguese, Hispania - Other Modern sources, Hispania - Classical sources

Read more here: » Hispania: Encyclopedia II - Hispania - Roman Hispania

In the 1st century BCE, according to Roman written sources, the Quadi were migrating alongside the more numerous Marcomanni, whose name simply means the "men of the borderlands" living on the frontiers of Germany, where it was bordered by the River Danube, south of which lay Roman territory. Perhaps originating north of the River Main, the Quadi and Marcomanni migrated into what is now Moravia, western Slovakia and Lower Austria where they displaced Celtic cultures and were first noticed by Romans in 8–6 BCE, briefly documented by Tacitus in his Germania. A further Marcomannic confederation that included the Qua ...

See also:

Quadi, Quadi - First Century BCE/CE, Quadi - Second Century CE, Quadi - Third and Fourth Centuries CE, Quadi - After the Fourth Century CE

Read more here: » Quadi: Encyclopedia II - Quadi - First Century BCE/CE

He was born in Lisbon on September 18, 1939. The Sampaio family lived abroad in the United States and England for some years, due to the professional activity of his father, a doctor. His mother was a Sephardi Jew. He started his political career as college student of the Law School of the University of Lisbon. Jorge Sampaio was involved in the student contestation against the fascist regime and was leader of the Lisbon students union between 1960 and 1961. Following his graduation in 1961, Jorge Sampaio started a notable career as a lawyer, often involved ...

See also:

Jorge Sampaio, Jorge Sampaio - Background, Jorge Sampaio - Presidency, Jorge Sampaio - External link

Read more here: » Jorge Sampaio: Encyclopedia II - Jorge Sampaio - Background

The Lusitanians were primarily a single tribe that lived between the rivers Douro and Tagus. Later, the name Lusitania was adopted by ancient Calaicians or Gallaeci (tribes living in the north of Douro River) and other closely surrounding tribes, eventually spreading as a label to all the local people fighting the Roman rule - but also because they were all culturally and ethnically very similar. Most of these tribes w ...

See also:

Lusitanians, Lusitanians - Culture, Lusitanians - Religion, Lusitanians - Language, Lusitanians - Tribes, Lusitanians - War with the Romans and eventual Romanisation

Read more here: » Lusitanians: Encyclopedia II - Lusitanians - Tribes

John married Charlotte of Spain in 1785 and had several children, among them Michael I, King of Portugal and Peter I, Emperor of Brazil later Peter IV, King of Portugal. See also: Kings of Portugal family tree ...

See also:

John VI of Portugal, John VI of Portugal - John's marriages and descendants

Read more here: » John VI of Portugal: Encyclopedia II - John VI of Portugal - John's marriages and descendants

The 4th century Roman poet on geographical subjects, Rufus Avienus Festus, in Ora Maritima ("Seacoasts"), a document inspired by a Greek mariners' Periplus, records Oestriminis (Extreme West in Latin) peopled by the Oestrimni, a people that lived there from a long time, who had to run away from their lands after an invasion of serpents. This could be a relation to, the Saephe or Ophis ("People of the Serpents") and the Dragani ("People of the Dragons") that came to that lands and formed what w ...

See also:

Ophiussa, Ophiussa - The expulsion of the Oestrimni, Ophiussa - Land of the Ophi, Ophiussa - Ophi legend

Read more here: » Ophiussa: Encyclopedia II - Ophiussa - The expulsion of the Oestrimni

Portugal originated as a different political and national entity in the 9th century, when the first County of Portugal was established by Vímara Peres just after the reconquista of Northern Portugal from the Moors, who ruled very briefly in this area. Portugal at that time was just an area between the Minho and Douro rivers in today's Northern Portugal. The Iberic political and genealogical forerunners of the Portuguese throne were some of the following: Kings of the Visigoths Suebi Kings of Gallaecia M ...

See also:

List of Portuguese monarchs, List of Portuguese monarchs - Historical roots of the Monarchy, List of Portuguese monarchs - House of Vímara Peres, List of Portuguese monarchs - House of Burgundy, List of Portuguese monarchs - House of Burgundy or Afonsine Dynasty 1143-1383, List of Portuguese monarchs - House of Aviz or Joannine Dynasty 1385-ca. 1580, List of Portuguese monarchs - Portuguese House of Habsburg or Philippine Dynasty 1580-1640, List of Portuguese monarchs - House of Braganza or Brigantine Dynasty 1640-1910, List of Portuguese monarchs - Braganza-Saxe-Coburg-Gotha or Braganza-Wettin branch

Read more here: » List of Portuguese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - List of Portuguese monarchs - Historical roots of the Monarchy

The countries that we now know as Spain and Portugal spent the Middle Ages after 722 in an intermittent struggle called the Reconquista. This struggle pitted the northern Christian kingdoms against the Islamic kingdoms of the South and among themselves. The Portuguese Reconquista culminated in 1272 with the conquest of Algarve by Afonso III, setting Portuguese borders almost in the Iberian Peninsula. During the 15th century, the Crown of Aragon and the Crown of Portugal expanded territorially seawards (Castille did not complete ...

See also:

Portuguese Empire, Portuguese Empire - The beginnings of the empire 1415-1580, Portuguese Empire - The Habsburg kings 1580-1640, Portuguese Empire - The Empire of Brazil 1640-1822, Portuguese Empire - The African Empire 1822-1945, Portuguese Empire - Decline and Fall 1945-1999, Portuguese Empire - Territories of the Portuguese empire, Portuguese Empire - in Africa, Portuguese Empire - in the Americas & North Atlantic, Portuguese Empire - in Asia

Read more here: » Portuguese Empire: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese Empire - The beginnings of the empire 1415-1580