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History of Poland | A Wisdom Archive on History of Poland | | History of Poland A selection of articles related to History of Poland | |
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History of Poland
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ARTICLES RELATED TO History of Poland | | | |  History of Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland - Early history of Poland 966-1385Main articles: History of Poland (966-1385), Kingdom of Poland of the first Piasts, Kingdom of Poland during feudal dissolution, Kingdom of Poland of the later Piasts
The Polish state was born in 966 with the baptism of Mieszko I, duke of the Slavic tribe of Polans and founder of the Piast dynasty. His conversion from Pagnism to Christianity marked the first written historical event of Poland. By 990, when Mieszko officially submitted to the authority of the Holy See, he had transformed his country into one of the strongest pow ...
See also:History of Poland, History of Poland - Early history of Poland 966-1385, History of Poland - The Jagiellon Era 1385-1572, History of Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1572-1795, History of Poland - Partitioned Poland 1795-1918, History of Poland - Independence Regained 1918-1939, History of Poland - World War II in Poland 1939-1945, History of Poland - People's Republic of Poland 1945-1989, History of Poland - Martial law, History of Poland - The Third Republic 1989-present Read more here: » History of Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland - Early history of Poland 966-1385 |
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| | | | History of Poland: Encyclopedia - Warsaw Warsaw (Polish Warszawa, [varˈʂava](?), in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto Stołeczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and its largest city. It is located on the Vistula river roughly 350 km from both the Baltic Sea coast and the Carpathian Mountains. Its population as of 2004 was estimated at 1,692,900, with an urban agglomeration of approximately 2,760,000. The city area amounts to 516.9 km², with an urban agglomeration of 6100,43 km² (Warsaw Metrop ...
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Read more here: » Warsaw: Encyclopedia - Warsaw |
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| | | | History of Poland: Encyclopedia II - Tadeusz Kościuszko - Biography
Tadeusz Kościuszko - Early life.
Tadeusz Kościuszko was born February 4, 1746, in the village of Mereszowszczyzna in Polesie, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (now Kosova in Belarus), to the szlachta family of Ludwik Tadeusz Kościuszko and Tekla née Ratomska. His family's ancestor was certain Konstanty, a courtier of king Sigismund I who in 1509 was granted the village of Siechnowicze, given nobility, became szlachcic, and used the Roch III Coat of Arms. However, by the time Tadeusz was born his family was already somewhat impoverished and the vill ...
See also:Tadeusz Kościuszko, Tadeusz Kościuszko - Biography, Tadeusz Kościuszko - Early life, Tadeusz Kościuszko - Kościuszko in France, Tadeusz Kościuszko - Return to Poland, Tadeusz Kościuszko - Dresden and Paris, Tadeusz Kościuszko - American Revolutionary War, Tadeusz Kościuszko - Return to Poland, Tadeusz Kościuszko - War in Defence of the Constitution, Tadeusz Kościuszko - Emigration, Tadeusz Kościuszko - Kościuszko Uprising, Tadeusz Kościuszko - Later life, Tadeusz Kościuszko - Things and places named after Kościuszko Read more here: » Tadeusz Kościuszko: Encyclopedia II - Tadeusz Kościuszko - Biography |
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| | | | History of Poland: Encyclopedia II - Szlachta - History
Szlachta - Etymology.
The Polish word "szlachta" (meaning the "gentle class" or "noble class", an untranslatable term essentially encompassing the idea of gentility or nobility of blood, and treating the English words gentry and nobility as roughly coterminous: a specific nobleman was a "szlachcic," a noblewoman was a "szlachcianka"). Early Polish historians thought it may derive from the name of the legendary proto-Polish chief, Lech, mentioned in Polish and Czech writings. "Szlachta" is thought by some simply t ...
See also:Szlachta, Szlachta - History, Szlachta - Etymology, Szlachta - Origins, Szlachta - Szlachta rise to power, Szlachta - Transformation into aristocracy, Szlachta - Szlachta culture, Szlachta - Heraldry, Szlachta - Sarmatism, Szlachta - Religious beliefs Read more here: » Szlachta: Encyclopedia II - Szlachta - History |
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| | | | History of Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of Lithuania - Independent interwar Lithuania 1918-1940
History of Lithuania - Freedom wars 1918-1922.
The term "Freedom wars" refers to the three wars Lithuania was fighting to defend its territory from various powers: bolsheviks, bermontians and Poles; each of these powers had their own agenda on fighting Lithuania.
Bolsheviks were attacking Lithuania from the east, trying not to let it to regain independence. Such actions succeeded in some other states, such as Georgia, Belarus or Ukraine, which were also briefly independent but fallen into USSR rule ...
See also:History of Lithuania, History of Lithuania - Before statehood, History of Lithuania - Baltic tribes, History of Lithuania - Towards the creation of single state, History of Lithuania - Grand Duchy of Lithuania, History of Lithuania - Pagan Lithuania, History of Lithuania - Christian Lithuania, History of Lithuania - Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth 1569-1795, History of Lithuania - Early years of new state, History of Lithuania - Wars against Swedes and Russians, History of Lithuania - Destruction of the state, History of Lithuania - Imperial Russian occupation 1795-1914, History of Lithuania - Domination of Russia, History of Lithuania - Napoleon's invasion, History of Lithuania - Persecutions, History of Lithuania - Revolts, History of Lithuania - Revival of Lithuanian Language, History of Lithuania - World War 1 1914-1918, History of Lithuania - Independent interwar Lithuania 1918-1940, History of Lithuania - Freedom wars 1918-1922, History of Lithuania - Democratic Lithuania 1922-1926, History of Lithuania - Authoritarian regime 1926-1938, History of Lithuania - Collapse of the state 1938-1940, History of Lithuania - World War II 1940-1945, History of Lithuania - First Soviet occupation 1940-1941, History of Lithuania - Independent Lithuania 1941, History of Lithuania - German occupation 1941-1944, History of Lithuania - Second Soviet occupation, History of Lithuania - Soviet occupation 1944-1990, History of Lithuania - Stalinism, History of Lithuania - Policy of Brezhnev, History of Lithuania - Policy of Khrushchev, History of Lithuania - Rebirth 1988-1990, History of Lithuania - Independent modern Lithuania 1990-2004, History of Lithuania - Struggle for independence 1990-1991, History of Lithuania - Building the new state 1991-1996, History of Lithuania - Going forward 1996-2004, History of Lithuania - Lithuania in the European Union 2004-present, History of Lithuania - External link Read more here: » History of Lithuania: Encyclopedia II - History of Lithuania - Independent interwar Lithuania 1918-1940 |
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| | | | History of Poland: Encyclopedia II - Western betrayal - Poland
Western betrayal - First World War aftermath.
After the First World War, Poland regained independence after 123 years of partitions. While the victorious Western allies proclaimed their support for an independent Poland, their hidden motivation was to weaken Germany and Russia. Therefore their actual support was limited. One instance is the affair of Silesia. Many French and British politicians desired the industrial region of Silesia to remain part of Germany, so that Germany would have an easier time paying the ...
See also:Western betrayal, Western betrayal - Diplomacy & Eastern Europe Between the Wars, Western betrayal - Croatia, Western betrayal - Czechoslovakia, Western betrayal - Munich Conference, Western betrayal - Second World War Ally, Western betrayal - Finland, Western betrayal - Poland, Western betrayal - First World War aftermath, Western betrayal - Up to 1939, Western betrayal - 1940s, Western betrayal - Russia, Western betrayal - Spain, Western betrayal - Ukraine, Western betrayal - Yugoslavia, Western betrayal - Essays and articles, Western betrayal - Dictionaries Read more here: » Western betrayal: Encyclopedia II - Western betrayal - Poland |
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| | | | History of Poland: Encyclopedia II - Warsaw - History The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were Bródno (9th/10th century) and Jazdów (12th/13th century). After Jazdów was raided in 1281 by Boleslaus II, the Duke of Płock, a new similar settlement was lodged on the grounds of a small fishing village called Warszowa. In the beginning of the 14th century it became one of the seats of the Dukes of Masovia, in 1413 becoming the capital of Masovia. Upon the extinction of the local ducal line, the duchy was reincorporated into the Polish Crown in 1526. In 1529 Warsaw for t ...
See also:Warsaw, Warsaw - Location, Warsaw - Climate, Warsaw - History, Warsaw - Famous people, Warsaw - Population, Warsaw - Historical population, Warsaw - Municipal government, Warsaw - Administrative division, Warsaw - The mayor the President of Warsaw, Warsaw - Municipal government, Warsaw - Politics, Warsaw - Transport, Warsaw - Roads and highways, Warsaw - Airports, Warsaw - Mass transit, Warsaw - Railway, Warsaw - Sports, Warsaw - Culture, Warsaw - Theatre, Warsaw - Museums and art galleries, Warsaw - Film, Warsaw - Education, Warsaw - Economy, Warsaw - Business and commerce, Warsaw - Stock Exchange, Warsaw - Industry, Warsaw - Tourist attractions Read more here: » Warsaw: Encyclopedia II - Warsaw - History |
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| | | | History of Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After the October Revolution 1917-1991
History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Lenin 1917-1924.
In March 1919, Lenin delivered a speech "On Anti-Jewish Pogroms"[6] on a gramophone disc. Lenin sought to explain the phenomenon of anti-Semitism in Marxist terms. According to Lenin, anti-Semitism was an "attempt to divert the hatred of the workers and peasants from the exploiters toward the Jews." Linking anti-Semitism to class struggle, ...
See also:History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Early History, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Tsarist Russia 1480s-1917, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Pogroms and the Pale of Settlement, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews and Bolshevism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After the October Revolution 1917-1991, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Lenin 1917-1924, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Stalin 1922-1953, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After Stalin, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The Soviet Union and Zionism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The collapse of the Soviet Union and emigration to Israel, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews in Russia today, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jewish life, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Anti-semitism in post-Soviet countries, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Assimilation trends, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Demographic data, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Footnotes Read more here: » History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After the October Revolution 1917-1991 |
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| | | | History of Poland: Encyclopedia II - Holy Roman Empire - Chronology
Holy Roman Empire - From the East Franks to the Investiture Controversy.
The Holy Roman Empire is usually considered to have been founded at the latest in 962 by Otto I the Great.
Although some date the beginning of the Holy Roman Empire from the coronation of Charlemagne as Emperor of the Romans in 800, Charlemagne himself more typically used the title king of the Franks. This title also makes clearer that the Frankish Kingdom covered an area that included modern-day France and Ge ...
See also:Holy Roman Empire, Holy Roman Empire - Character of the empire, Holy Roman Empire - Names and designations of the empire, Holy Roman Empire - Structure and institutions, Holy Roman Empire - King of the Romans German king, Holy Roman Empire - Imperial estates, Holy Roman Empire - Reichstag, Holy Roman Empire - Imperial courts, Holy Roman Empire - Imperial circles, Holy Roman Empire - Chronology, Holy Roman Empire - From the East Franks to the Investiture Controversy, Holy Roman Empire - The Empire under the Hohenstaufen, Holy Roman Empire - The rise of the territories after the Staufen, Holy Roman Empire - Imperial Reform, Holy Roman Empire - Crisis after Reformation, Holy Roman Empire - The long decline, Holy Roman Empire - Analysis, Holy Roman Empire - Successive German Reichs Read more here: » Holy Roman Empire: Encyclopedia II - Holy Roman Empire - Chronology |
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| | | | History of Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After the October Revolution 1917-1991
History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Lenin 1917-1924.
In March 1919, Lenin delivered a speech "On Anti-Jewish Pogroms"[6] on a gramophone disc. Lenin sought to explain the phenomenon of anti-Semitism in Marxist terms. According to Lenin, anti-Semitism was an "attempt to divert the hatred of the workers and peasants from the exploiters toward the Jews." Linking anti-Semitism to class struggle, ...
See also:History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Early History, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Tsarist Russia 1480s-1917, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Pogroms and the Pale of Settlement, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews and Bolshevism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After the October Revolution 1917-1991, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Lenin 1917-1924, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Stalin 1922-1953, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After Stalin, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The Soviet Union and Zionism, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - The collapse of the Soviet Union and emigration to Israel, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jews in Russia today, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jewish life, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Anti-semitism in post-Soviet Russia, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Assimilation trends, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Demographic data, History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Footnotes Read more here: » History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - After the October Revolution 1917-1991 |
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| | | | History of Poland: Encyclopedia II - Warsaw - History The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were Bródno (9th/10th century) and Jazdów (12th/13th century). After Jazdów was raided in 1281 by Boleslaus II, the Duke of Płock, a new similar settlement was lodged on the grounds of a small fishing village called Warszowa. In the beginning of the 14th century it became one of the seats of the Dukes of Masovia, in 1413 becoming the capital of Masovia. Upon the extinction of the local ducal line, the duchy was reincorporated into the Polish Crown in 1526. In 1529 Warsaw for t ...
See also:Warsaw, Warsaw - Location, Warsaw - Climate, Warsaw - History, Warsaw - Famous people, Warsaw - Population, Warsaw - Historical population, Warsaw - Municipal government, Warsaw - Administrative division, Warsaw - The mayor the President of Warsaw, Warsaw - Municipal government, Warsaw - Politics, Warsaw - Transport, Warsaw - Roads and highways, Warsaw - Airports, Warsaw - Mass transit, Warsaw - Railway, Warsaw - Sports, Warsaw - Culture, Warsaw - Theatre, Warsaw - Music, Warsaw - Museums and art galleries, Warsaw - Film, Warsaw - Education, Warsaw - Economy, Warsaw - Business and commerce, Warsaw - Stock Exchange, Warsaw - Industry, Warsaw - Tourist attractions, Warsaw - Trivia Read more here: » Warsaw: Encyclopedia II - Warsaw - History |
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| | | | History of Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of Ukraine - The 20th century When World War I and the Bolshevik revolution in Russia shattered the Austrian and Russian empires, Ukrainians were caught in the middle. Between 1917 and 1918, several separate Ukrainian republics manifested independence, the Central Rada, the Hetmanate, the Directorate, the Ukrainian People's Republic and the West Ukrainian People's Republic. However, with the defeat in the Polish-Ukrainian War and then the failure of the Piłsudski's and Petliura's Kiev Operation, by the end of the Polish-Soviet War after the Peace of Riga in March 1921, ...
See also:History of Ukraine, History of Ukraine - Early prehistory, History of Ukraine - Kievan Rus’, History of Ukraine - Halych-Volynia, History of Ukraine - Loss of independence, History of Ukraine - Under the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, History of Ukraine - The Cossack era, History of Ukraine - Transition to Russian and Austrian rule, History of Ukraine - The 20th century, History of Ukraine - Post-war and independence, History of Ukraine - Ukraine after independence Read more here: » History of Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - History of Ukraine - The 20th century |
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| | | | History of Poland: Encyclopedia II - Tadeusz Kościuszko - Biography
Tadeusz Kościuszko - Early life.
Tadeusz Kościuszko was born February 4, 1746, in the village of Mereszowszczyzna in Polesie, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (now Kosova in Belarus), to the szlachta family of Ludwik Tadeusz Kościuszko and Tekla (née Ratomska). His family's ancestor was a certain Konstanty, a courtier of king Sigismund I who in 1509 was granted the village of Siechnowicze, given nobility, became szlachcic, and used the Roch III Coat of Arms. However, by the time Tadeusz was born his family was already somewhat impoverished and the vill ...
See also:Tadeusz Kościuszko, Tadeusz Kościuszko - Biography, Tadeusz Kościuszko - Early life, Tadeusz Kościuszko - Kościuszko in France, Tadeusz Kościuszko - Return to Poland, Tadeusz Kościuszko - Dresden and Paris, Tadeusz Kościuszko - American Revolutionary War, Tadeusz Kościuszko - Return to Poland, Tadeusz Kościuszko - War in Defence of the Constitution, Tadeusz Kościuszko - Emigration, Tadeusz Kościuszko - Kościuszko Uprising, Tadeusz Kościuszko - Later life, Tadeusz Kościuszko - Things and places named after Kościuszko Read more here: » Tadeusz Kościuszko: Encyclopedia II - Tadeusz Kościuszko - Biography |
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| | | | History of Poland: Encyclopedia II - Red Ruthenia - History Originally it was related to a certain territory between Western Bug and Wieprz rivers. Its Polish name was Ziemia czerwieńska, or "Czerwień Land" by the name of Cherven, a town that existed there. (Today there are several towns with this name, none of them related to Red Ruthenia).
This area was mentioned first time in 981, when Volodymyr the Great of Kyivan Rus took the area over on the way inside Poland. In 1018 it returned to Poland, 1031 back to Rus, in 1340 Casimir III of Poland recovered it. Since these times the name ...
See also:Red Ruthenia, Red Ruthenia - History, Red Ruthenia - Administrative division 14th century-1772, Red Ruthenia - The Ruthenian Voivodship, Red Ruthenia - The Bełz Voivodship Read more here: » Red Ruthenia: Encyclopedia II - Red Ruthenia - History |
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| | | | History of Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of Vilnius - Interwar period
History of Vilnius - Polish-Lithuanian conflict.
During the World War I Wilna was occupied by Germany from 1915 until 1918. Still under German occupation, the German-supported Council of Lithuania proclaimed the act of Restoration of Independence of Lithuania in Vilnius on February 16, 1918. Germans however denied the Council the right to elect a State Council. Instead, the Council attempted to elect a German prince, Wilhelm von Urach of Württemberg for a Lithuanian king under the name of Mindaugas II. In ...
See also:History of Vilnius, History of Vilnius - Middle ages, History of Vilnius - Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, History of Vilnius - Russian occupation, History of Vilnius - Interwar period, History of Vilnius - Polish-Lithuanian conflict, History of Vilnius - Poland, History of Vilnius - Second World War, History of Vilnius - Soviet occupation, History of Vilnius - Independent Lithuania Read more here: » History of Vilnius: Encyclopedia II - History of Vilnius - Interwar period |
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