History of Norway - Article Index

Encyclopedia - History Of Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Norway - Independent Monarchy
Norway's kings (Norges Konge is the official style) in modern times, with periods of reign, are: Haakon VII (1905-1957) Olav V (1957-199...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Treaty Of Kiel: Encyclopedia Ii - Treaty Of Kiel - The United Kingdoms Of Sweden And Norway
Main article: Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway On hearing news of the treaty, the Prince of the Kingdom of Denmark-Norway, Christian Frederi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Greenland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Greenland - Norse Settlement
During the 980s, Icelandic Vikings made the first European discoveries of Greenland and, finding the land unpopulated, settled on the sou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Union Between Sweden And Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - Union Between Sweden And Norway - A New Dynasty
Charles XIII was both infirm and childless. To secure the succession to the throne, he adopted Prince Christian August of Augustenborg as...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Leidang: Encyclopedia Ii - Leidang - Structure
The leiðangr was a system organising a coastal fleet with the aim of defence, coerced trade, plunderings and aggressive wars. Normally, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rock Carvings At Alta: Encyclopedia Ii - Rock Carvings At Alta - Imagery And Interpretations
Since no written records exist from the period the carvings were created, there is no way to know what purposes they were meant to serve ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Constitution Of Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - Constitution Of Norway - Development Of The Constitution
The constitution of 1814 was a product of its age, and as Norwegian democracy developed, some parts of it began to look increasingly date...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Union Between Sweden And Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - Union Between Sweden And Norway - Oscar I
See also: Oscar I of Sweden Charles XIV's son and successor King Oscar I was much more liberally inclined. Shortly after his accession on...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Union Between Sweden And Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - Union Between Sweden And Norway - The Royal House Of Bernadotte
See also: Bernadotte Charles XIII of Sweden, died on February 5, 1818, and was succeeded by Bernadotte under the title of Charles XIV Joh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Union Between Sweden And Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - Union Between Sweden And Norway - Charles Xv
See also: Charles XV of Sweden Oscar I was succeeded on July 8, 1859 by his son, Charles XV, who had already acted as regent during his f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Xu: Encyclopedia - Xu
XU was the largest and most important intelligence organisation in occupied Norway during WWII. Most of the work of XU was kept secret un...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rock Carvings At Alta: Encyclopedia Ii - Rock Carvings At Alta - Cultural And Historical Background
At the time the carvings were created, northern Norway was inhabited by a culture of hunter-gatherers that are thought to be descendants ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Viking: Encyclopedia - Viking
The name Viking is a borrowed word from the native Scandinavian term for the Norse warriors who raided the coasts of Scandinavia, the Bri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Union Between Sweden And Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - Union Between Sweden And Norway - Dissolution Of The Union
See article Separation of Norway from Sweden in 1905 On May 23 the Norwegian Storting passed the government's proposal for the establishm...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Union Between Sweden And Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - Union Between Sweden And Norway - State Of The Union
The relations with Norway during King Oscar's reign had great influence on political life in Sweden, and more than once it seemed as if t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Leidang: Encyclopedia Ii - Leidang - England
In Saxon times, defenses were based upon the fyrd, the Anglo-Saxon version of the Scandinavian leidang. It was a militia of all able-bodi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Greenland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Greenland - Home Rule
The colonial status of Greenland was lifted in 1953, when it became an integral part of the Danish kingdom, with representation in the Fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Constitution Of Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - Constitution Of Norway - History
The Norwegian constitution was inspired by the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the French revolution in 1789 and th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rock Carvings At Alta: Encyclopedia Ii - Rock Carvings At Alta - Discovery And Restoration
The first carvings were discovered in autumn 1972 in the area of Jiepmaluokta (a Sami name meaning "bay of seals"), about 4 kilometers fr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Greenland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Greenland - Early Palaeo-eskimo Cultures
The prehistory of Greenland is a story of repeated waves of Palaeo-Eskimo immigration from the islands north of the North American mainla...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Constitution Of Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - Constitution Of Norway - Current Trends
From time to time proposals are made to separate the church from the state, which would imply an amendment of § 2 of the constituti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Greenland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Greenland - Strategic Importance
After Norway regained full independence in 1905, it refused to accept Denmark's sovereignty over Greenland, which was a former Norwegian ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Greenland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Greenland - Danish Colonization
In 1536 Denmark and Norway were officially merged. Greenland came to be seen as a Danish dependency rather than a Norwegian one. Even wit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Greenland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Greenland - Late Dorset And Thule Cultures
The Norse may not have been alone on the island when they arrived; a new influx of Arctic people from the west, the Late Dorset culture, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norwegians: Encyclopedia Ii - Norwegians - Norwegians In Norway
There are nearly 4.5 million ethnic Norwegians living in Norway today. The Norwegians are a Scandinavian ethnic group, and the descendent...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Separation Of Norway From Sweden In 1905: Encyclopedia Ii - Separation Of Norway From Sweden In 1905 - Background
Norwegian nationalistic aspirations in 1814 were frustrated by Sweden's victory in a brief, but decisive war that resulted in Norway ente...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - The Origins
Homo erectus and Neanderthals settled Europe long before the emergence of modern humans, Homo sapiens. The bones of first Europeans are f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Viking: Encyclopedia Ii - Viking - Etymology
The etymology of "Viking" is somewhat unclear. One path might be from the Old Norse word, vík, meaning "bay," "creek," or "inlet," and t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - Norway - History
In the 9th century Norway consisted of a number of petty kingdoms. According to tradition, Harald Fairhair gathered the small kingdoms in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vinland: Encyclopedia Ii - Vinland - Localization Debate
Historians do not agree on the location of Vinland. Rafn and Erik Wahlgren believed that Vinland was probably in New England. In the 1960...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Campaign Against Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - Campaign Against Norway - The War
The Norwegian army could muster 30.000 men, and it had taken positions away from the border with Sweden, in fear of being outflanked. The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norwegian Constitution Day: Encyclopedia Ii - Norwegian Constitution Day - Children's Parades
All over Norway, children's parades with an abundance of flags form the central elements of the celebration. Each elementary school arran...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - Norway - Economy
The Norwegian economy is a prosperous bastion of social capitalism, featuring a combination of free market activity and government interv...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norwegian Constitution Day: Encyclopedia Ii - Norwegian Constitution Day - Historical Background
The Norwegian Constitution was signed at Eidsvoll on May 17 in the year 1814. The constitution declared Norway to be an independent natio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - Norway - Subdivisions
Norway is divided into 19 administrative regions, called fylker (singular fylke) and 431 kommuner (singular kommune). Fylke and kommune a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - Norway - Geography
The landscape is generally rugged and mountainous, topped by glaciers, and its coastline of over 83,000 km [2] is punctuated by steep-slo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - Norway - Demographics
The Norwegian population is 4.6 million and increases by 0.4% per year (estimate July 2004). Ethnically most Norwegians are Nordic / Nort...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - Norway - Culture
Famous Norwegians include the playwrights/novelists Baron Ludvig Holberg and Henrik Ibsen, explorers Roald Amundsen, Fridtjof Nansen, and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vinland: Encyclopedia Ii - Vinland - Other Usages
Vinland is also the symbolic name for the cultural landscape of Canada (Upper Vinland) and America (Lower Vinland) which some modern Adhe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Separation Of Norway From Sweden In 1905: Encyclopedia Ii - Separation Of Norway From Sweden In 1905 - Importance Of The Events Of 1905
In many ways, the events of 1905 formed a sequel to the events of 1814, but there were some important differences: Whereas the 1814 inde...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vinland: Encyclopedia Ii - Vinland - Historical Accounts
Vinland was first recorded by Adam of Bremen, a geographer and historian, in his book Descriptio insularum Aquilonis of approximately 107...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - Norway - Politics
Norway is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government. The Royal House is a branch of the princely family of Glü...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Separation Of Norway From Sweden In 1905: Encyclopedia Ii - Separation Of Norway From Sweden In 1905 - Choosing A Norwegian King
On November 12 and November 13, in the second constitutional plebiscite in three months, Norwegian voters decided by a nearly 79 percent ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Separation Of Norway From Sweden In 1905: Encyclopedia Ii - Separation Of Norway From Sweden In 1905 - Negotiations In Karlstad
On August 31, Norwegian and Swedish delegates met in the Swedish city of Karlstad to negotiate the terms of the dissolution. Although man...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norwegian Constitution Day: Encyclopedia Ii - Norwegian Constitution Day - An Inclusive Holiday
The former Norwegian president of parliament Jo Benkow noted that the day has increasingly become a celebration of Norway's growing ethni...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Separation Of Norway From Sweden In 1905: Encyclopedia Ii - Separation Of Norway From Sweden In 1905 - Prelude To Dissolution
In early 1905, Christian Michelsen formed a liberal government whose only stated objective was to establish a separate Norwegian corps of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norwegian Constitution Day: Encyclopedia Ii - Norwegian Constitution Day - Lack Of Military Parades
The only military parade is performed by the Royal Guard on the main street of the capitol, Oslo. During the parade, the Guard displays t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - Early 21st Century: The European Union
The process of European integration was slow due to the reluctance of most nation states to give up their sovereignty. However, the proce...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - Early Modern Period: 16th 17th And 18th Century
The Reformation had profound effects on the unity of Europe. Not only were nations divided one from another by their religious orientatio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - The English Civil War And Unification With Scotland
Main article: English Civil War The first and foremost cause of the War was religion. When Charles became King in 1625 his Arminian style...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Viking: Encyclopedia Ii - Viking - Myths About Vikings
Viking - Horned helmets. There is little evidence that the Vikings on any occasion wore horned helmets. Apart from two or three represe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - Colonial Expansion
The numerous wars did not prevent the new states from exploring and conquering wide portions of the world, particularly in Asia (Siberia)...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - Renaissance And Reformation
In the 15th century, at the end of the Middle Ages, powerful states were appearing, built by the New Monarchs who were centralizing power...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - Rome
Much of Greek learning was assimilated by the nascent Roman state as it expanded outward from Italy, taking advantage of its enemies' ina...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - Early Middle Ages
Western Europe emerged as the site of a distinct civilization after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, as barbarian...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - Later Middle Ages
Early signs of the rebirth of civilization in western Europe began to appear in the 11th century as trade started again in Italy, leading...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - Congress Of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was a conference between ambassadors from the major powers in Europe. It was held in Vienna from 1 October 1814, t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - The French Revolution
Main article: French Revolution By the late 18th century France's finances were in disarray. Lavish royal expenditure and costly wars, su...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - The 19th Century
After the defeat of revolutionary France, the other great powers tried to restore the situation which existed before 1789. However, their...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Viking: Encyclopedia Ii - Viking - The Viking Invasions: A Commercial War?
According to Joel Supéry, the French author of “Le Secret des Vikings”, the Scandinavian attacks against the Frankish Empire were ca...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Viking: Encyclopedia Ii - Viking - Modern Revivals
See also 19th century Viking revival. Early modern publications, dealing with what we now call Viking culture, appeared in the 16th centu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Viking: Encyclopedia Ii - Viking - Viking Ships And Viking Longships
There were no specific "Viking ships" or "Viking longships"; Vikings used any of the common Scandinavian longships. These boats were iden...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Viking: Encyclopedia Ii - Viking - The Viking Age
See main article Viking Age. The period of North Germanic expansion, usually taken to last from the earliest recorded raids in the 790s u...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Viking: Encyclopedia Ii - Viking - Historical Records
The earliest date given for a Viking raid is 787 AD when, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a group of men from Norway sailed to Po...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - Early 20th Century: The World Wars
After the relative peace of most of the 19th Century, the rivalry between European powers exploded in 1914, when World War I started. On ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - Late 20th Century: The Cold War
World War I and especially World War II ended the pre-eminent position of western Europe. The map of Europe was redrawn at the Yalta Conf...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Norway - Union With Sweden
Main article: Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway In 1814 Denmark-Norway was defeated in the Napoleonic wars and the king was forced to cede No...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Norway - The Viking Kings
See also: Viking Age By the time of the first historical records of Scandinavia, about the 700s AD, some 29 petty kingdoms existed in Nor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Norway - Earliest Times 10 000 Bc -
Recent archeological finds (2005) have it that hunters from the south - most likely the Hamburg culture - in summer time could travel far...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Norway - The Kalmar Union And The Union With Denmark
Norway was relegated to a virtual provincial status from 1396 until 1814; this period was called "the 400-year-night" by Henrik Ibsen dur...   » Read the article