History of Morocco

Main article: History of Morocco Morocco's indigenous people are called the Berbers. The old name of Morocco was Mauretania. There have been several dynasties and kingdoms in Morocco before and after the rise of Islam. Morocco became a French protectorate by the signing of the Treaty of Fez on March 30, 1912. The northern area of Morocco was under a Spanish protectorate concurrently. The Alaouite dynasty lasted through this period and upon independence in 1956, Sultan Mohammed V adopted the title of 'King' and Mor ...

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Morocco, Morocco - Name, Morocco - History, Morocco - Politics, Morocco - Provinces, Morocco - Geography, Morocco - Economy, Morocco - Demographics, Morocco - Culture

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Philippe Pétain - Pétain's First Government 16 June - 12 July 1940. Philippe Pétain - President of the Council Camille Chautemps - Vice President of the Council Paul Baudoin - Minister of Foreign Affairs Maxime Weygand - Minister of National Defense Louis Colson - Minister of War Charles Pomaret - Minister of the Interior Yves Bouthillier - Minister of Finance and Commerce André Février - Minister of Labour Charles Frémicourt - Mi ...

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Philippe Pétain, Philippe Pétain - Early life, Philippe Pétain - World War I, Philippe Pétain - Between the wars, Philippe Pétain - World War II and Vichy France, Philippe Pétain - Post-war trial and legacy, Philippe Pétain - Lists of the successive Pétain governments until 1942, Philippe Pétain - Pétain's First Government 16 June - 12 July 1940, Philippe Pétain - Pétain's Second Government 12 July - 6 September 1940, Philippe Pétain - Pétain's Third Government 6 September 1940 - 25 February 1941, Philippe Pétain - Pétain's Fourth Ministry 25 February - 12 August 1941, Philippe Pétain - Pétain's Fifth Government 12 August 1941 - 18 April 1942

Read more here: » Philippe Pétain: Encyclopedia II - Philippe Pétain - Lists of the successive Pétain governments until 1942

The area of modern Morocco has been inhabited since Neolithic times, at least 8000 BC, as attested by signs of the Capsian culture, in a time when the Maghreb was less arid than it is today. Many theorists believe the Berber language probably arrived at roughly the same time as agriculture (see Berber), and was adopted by the existing population as well as the immigrants that brought it. Modern genetic analyses have confirmed that various populations have contributed to the present-day population, including, in addition to the main ethnic gr ...

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Morocco, Morocco - Name, Morocco - History, Morocco - Roman and sub-Roman Morocco, Morocco - Early Islamic Morocco, Morocco - Morocco 1666-1912, Morocco - European Influence, Morocco - Independence, Morocco - Politics, Morocco - Provinces, Morocco - Geography, Morocco - Economy, Morocco - Demographics, Morocco - Culture

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From the year 1053, the Murabits began to impose their orthodox and puritanical religion on the Berber tribes of the desert, and on the pagan black Africans. Yahya ibn Ibrahim was killed in a battle in 1056, but Abd-Allah ibn Yasin, whose influence as a religious teacher was paramount; named his brother Abu-Bakr Ibn-Umar as chief. Under him, the Murabits soon began to spread their power beyond the desert, and subjected the tribes of the Atlas Mountains. They then came in contact with the Berghouata, a Berber people of central Morocco, who fo ...

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Almoravides, Almoravides - Beginnings, Almoravides - Influence of orthodox Islam, Almoravides - Ascendence of Militarism, Almoravides - Military Successes, Almoravides - Morocco and Western Sahara, Almoravides - Ghana, Almoravides - Spain, Almoravides - The Prince of the Muslims, Almoravides - Decline

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Morocco, to the north of the Spanish Sahara, had long claimed that the territory was historically an integral part of Morocco, and should not be granted independence. Mauritania to the south argued similarly that some parts of the territory was in fact Mauritanian. Since 1973, a Sahrawi guerrilla war led by the Polisario Front had challenged Spanish control with increasing success, and Spain had quietly begun negotiations for a handover of power with leaders of the rebel mov ...

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Green March, Green March - Background, Green March - The Green March, Green March - The Madrid Accords

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Morocco has signed Free Trade Agreements with the European Union (to take effect 2010) and the United States of America. The United States Senate approved by a vote of 85 to 13 on July 22, 2004 the Free Trade Agreement with Morocco, which will allow for 98% of the two-way trade of consumer and industrial products to be without tariffs. The agreement is expected to enter into force in January 2006. Morocco's largest industry is the mining of phosphates. Its second largest source of income is from nationals living abroad who transfer ...

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Morocco, Morocco - Name, Morocco - History, Morocco - Roman and sub-Roman Morocco, Morocco - Early Islamic Morocco, Morocco - Morocco 1666-1912, Morocco - European Influence, Morocco - Independence, Morocco - Politics, Morocco - Provinces, Morocco - Geography, Morocco - Economy, Morocco - Demographics, Morocco - Culture

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Morocco is the fourth most populous Arab country, after Egypt Sudan and Algeria. Most Moroccans are Sunni Muslims of Arab, Berber, or mixed Arab-Berber stock. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7th and 11th centuries and established their culture there. Morocco's Jewish minority has decreased significantly and numbers about 7,000 (See History of the Jews in Morocco). Most of the 100,000 foreign residents are French or Spanish; many are teachers or technicians. Morocco's official language is classical Arabic. The country's distinctive Ar ...

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Morocco, Morocco - Name, Morocco - History, Morocco - Roman and sub-Roman Morocco, Morocco - Early Islamic Morocco, Morocco - Morocco 1666-1912, Morocco - European Influence, Morocco - Independence, Morocco - Politics, Morocco - Provinces, Morocco - Geography, Morocco - Economy, Morocco - Demographics, Morocco - Culture

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Algeria borders Morocco to the east and southeast. There are also four Spanish enclaves on the Mediterranean coast: Ceuta, Melilla, Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera and Peñón de Alhucemas, as well as several islands including Perejil and Chafarinas. Off the Atlantic coast the Canary Islands belong to Spain, whereas Madeira to the north is Portuguese. To the north, Morocco is bordered by and controls part of the Strait of Gibraltar, giving it power over the waterways in and out of the Mediterranean sea. The Rif mountains occupy the region bor ...

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Morocco, Morocco - Name, Morocco - History, Morocco - Roman and sub-Roman Morocco, Morocco - Early Islamic Morocco, Morocco - Morocco 1666-1912, Morocco - European Influence, Morocco - Independence, Morocco - Politics, Morocco - Provinces, Morocco - Geography, Morocco - Economy, Morocco - Demographics, Morocco - Culture

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Main article: Provinces of Morocco Morocco is divided into 37 provinces and 2 wilayas: Agadir Al Hoceima Azilal Beni Mellal Ben Slimane Boulemane Chefchaouen El Jadida El Kelaa des Sraghna Er Rachidia Essaouira Fes Figuig Guelmim Ifrane Kenitra Khemisset Khénifra Khouribga LaayouneSee also:

Morocco, Morocco - Name, Morocco - History, Morocco - Roman and sub-Roman Morocco, Morocco - Early Islamic Morocco, Morocco - Morocco 1666-1912, Morocco - European Influence, Morocco - Independence, Morocco - Politics, Morocco - Provinces, Morocco - Geography, Morocco - Economy, Morocco - Demographics, Morocco - Culture

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In international human rights law, disappearances at the hand of the state have been codified as enforced or forced disappearances. For example, the Rome Statute establishing the International Criminal Court defines enforced disappearance as a crime against humanity, and the practice is specifically addressed by the OAS's Inter-American Convention on Forced Disappearance of Persons. Disappearances work on two levels: not only do they effectively silence those opposition members who have disappeared, they also sow uncerta ...

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Forced disappearance, Forced disappearance - Linguistic considerations, Forced disappearance - Well known incidents, Forced disappearance - Mafia, Forced disappearance - Nazi Germany, Forced disappearance - Northern Ireland's Troubles, Forced disappearance - Operation Condor and Argentina's Dirty War, Forced disappearance - Soviet Union, Forced disappearance - United States' war on terror, Forced disappearance - Western Sahara, Forced disappearance - Disappearances in human rights law, Forced disappearance - Metaphorical use, Forced disappearance - Film

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Main article: Demographics of Morocco The official number of residents is 450,000; however, the population is estimated to be around one million. The largest part of the population of Marrakech is of Berber origin. ...

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Marrakech, Marrakech - Demographics, Marrakech - History, Marrakech - Sites, Marrakech - Areas and neighborhoods, Marrakech - Mosques medrassas synagogues and zaouias, Marrakech - Palaces dars and villas, Marrakech - Cemeteries koubbas and mausolea, Marrakech - Handicrafts and business, Marrakech - Museums, Marrakech - Ramparts and gates, Marrakech - Places and squares, Marrakech - Gardens and parks, Marrakech - Other structures, Marrakech - Fictional Works About

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Main article: Demographics of Morocco Morocco is the fourth most populous Arab country, after Egypt Sudan and Algeria. Most Moroccans are Sunni Muslims of Arab, Berber, or mixed Arab-Berber stock. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7th and 11th centuries and established their culture there. Morocco's Jewish minority has decreased significantly and numbers about 7,000 (See History of the Jews in Morocco). Most of the 100,000 foreign residents are French or Sp ...

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Morocco, Morocco - Name, Morocco - History, Morocco - Politics, Morocco - Provinces, Morocco - Geography, Morocco - Economy, Morocco - Demographics, Morocco - Culture

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About the year 1040 (or a little earlier) one of their chiefs, Yahya ibn Ibrahim, made the pilgrimage to Mecca. On his way home, he attended the teachers of the mosque at Kairouan, in Tunisia, who soon learnt from him that his people knew little of the religion they were supposed to profess, and that though his will was good, his own ignorance was great. By the good offices of the theologians of Kairawan, one of whom was from Fez, Yahya was provided with a missionary, Abd Allah ibn Yasin, a zealous partisan of the Malikis ...

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Almoravides, Almoravides - Beginnings, Almoravides - Influence of orthodox Islam, Almoravides - Ascendence of Militarism, Almoravides - Military Successes, Almoravides - Morocco and Western Sahara, Almoravides - Ghana, Almoravides - Spain, Almoravides - The Prince of the Muslims, Almoravides - Decline

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In April 1945, Pétain was returned to France, where he was tried for collaboration (or treason), convicted and sentenced to death by firing squad in July-August 1945. The sentence was commuted to life imprisonment by Charles de Gaulle on August 17, 1945, on the grounds of his old age. He died in prison on Île d'Yeu, an island off the coast of Brittany, in 1951. Nowadays, in France, the word pétainisme suggests an authoritarian and reactionary ideology, driven by the nostalgia of a rural, agricultural, traditionalist, ...

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Philippe Pétain, Philippe Pétain - Early life, Philippe Pétain - World War I, Philippe Pétain - Between the wars, Philippe Pétain - World War II and Vichy France, Philippe Pétain - Post-war trial and legacy, Philippe Pétain - Lists of the successive Pétain governments until 1942, Philippe Pétain - Pétain's First Government 16 June - 12 July 1940, Philippe Pétain - Pétain's Second Government 12 July - 6 September 1940, Philippe Pétain - Pétain's Third Government 6 September 1940 - 25 February 1941, Philippe Pétain - Pétain's Fourth Ministry 25 February - 12 August 1941, Philippe Pétain - Pétain's Fifth Government 12 August 1941 - 18 April 1942

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Main article: Economy of Morocco Morocco has signed Free Trade Agreements with the European Union (to take effect 2010) and the United States of America. The United States Senate approved by a vote of 85 to 13 on July 22, 2004 the Free Trade Agreement with Morocco, which will allow for 98% of the two-way trade of consumer and industrial products to be without tariffs. The agreement is expected to enter into force in January 2006. Morocco's largest industry is the mining of phosphates. Its second largest source of income is from nationals living abroad who transfer money to relatives living in Morocco. The country's third la ...

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Morocco, Morocco - Name, Morocco - History, Morocco - Politics, Morocco - Provinces, Morocco - Geography, Morocco - Economy, Morocco - Demographics, Morocco - Culture

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Main article: Politics of Morocco Morocco is a constitutional monarchy, with a popularly-elected parliament. The King of Morocco can dissolve government and deploy the military, among other responsibilities. Opposition political parties are legal and several have arisen in recent years. See also: List of political parties in Morocco ...

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Morocco, Morocco - Name, Morocco - History, Morocco - Politics, Morocco - Provinces, Morocco - Geography, Morocco - Economy, Morocco - Demographics, Morocco - Culture

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Main article: Provinces of Morocco Morocco is divided into 37 provinces and 2 wilayas: Agadir Al Hoceima Azilal Beni Mellal Ben Slimane Boulemane Chefchaouen El Jadida El Kelaa des Sraghna Er Rachidia Essaouira Fes Figuig Guelmim Ifrane Kenitra Khemisset Khénifra Khouribga Laayoune Larache Marrakech< ...

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Morocco, Morocco - Name, Morocco - History, Morocco - Politics, Morocco - Provinces, Morocco - Geography, Morocco - Economy, Morocco - Demographics, Morocco - Culture

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The French period New Town of Casablanca was designed by the French architect Henri Prost and was a model of a new town at that time. The main streets of the New Town radiate south and east from Place des Nations Unies, where the main market of Anfa had been. The New Town is possibly the most impressive in Morocco. Former admistrative buildings and present-day hotels populate the area. Their style i ...

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Casablanca, Casablanca - History, Casablanca - Before the French Protectorate, Casablanca - French rule, Casablanca - Since independence, Casablanca - Notable physical landmarks, Casablanca - Jews in Casablanca, Casablanca - Transport, Casablanca - Trains, Casablanca - Coaches, Casablanca - Planes, Casablanca - List of main Casablanca Districts

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Three years afterwards, under Yusef's son and successor, Ali ibn Yusuf, Madrid, Lisbon and Oporto were added, and Spain was again invaded in 1119 and 1121, but the tide had turned; the French having assisted the Aragonese to recover Zaragoza. In 1138, Ali ibn Yusuf was defeated by Alfonso VII of Castile and León, and in the Battle of Ourique (1139), by Afonso I of Portugal, who thereby won his crown; and Lisbon w ...

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Almoravides, Almoravides - Beginnings, Almoravides - Influence of orthodox Islam, Almoravides - Ascendence of Militarism, Almoravides - Military Successes, Almoravides - Morocco and Western Sahara, Almoravides - Ghana, Almoravides - Spain, Almoravides - The Prince of the Muslims, Almoravides - Decline

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Pétain was a distinguished veteran of World War I and was hailed as a French hero. He was commanding the French forces at the start of the Battle of Verdun. The famous quotation "Ils ne passeront pas !" (They shall not pass!) is often attributed to him, though it is actually from Robert Nivelle, who was one of his chief assistants at that time. Due to his remarkable ability and high prestige, Pétain rose to be Commander-in-Chief of the French army during World War I, after the failed Nivelle Offensive and t ...

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Philippe Pétain, Philippe Pétain - Early life, Philippe Pétain - World War I, Philippe Pétain - Between the wars, Philippe Pétain - World War II and Vichy France, Philippe Pétain - Post-war trial and legacy, Philippe Pétain - Lists of the successive Pétain governments until 1942, Philippe Pétain - Pétain's First Government 16 June - 12 July 1940, Philippe Pétain - Pétain's Second Government 12 July - 6 September 1940, Philippe Pétain - Pétain's Third Government 6 September 1940 - 25 February 1941, Philippe Pétain - Pétain's Fourth Ministry 25 February - 12 August 1941, Philippe Pétain - Pétain's Fifth Government 12 August 1941 - 18 April 1942

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In the spring of 1940, France was invaded by Nazi Germany. After the French defeat, Marshal Pétain was appointed Prime Minister of France and granted extraordinary powers. The constitutionality of these actions was later challenged by de Gaulle's government, but at the time Pétain was widely accepted as France's saviour. On June 22 he signed an armistice with Germany that gave the Nazis control over the north and west of the country, including Paris, but left the rest under a separate regime, including about two-fifths of France ...

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Philippe Pétain, Philippe Pétain - Early life, Philippe Pétain - World War I, Philippe Pétain - Between the wars, Philippe Pétain - World War II and Vichy France, Philippe Pétain - Post-war trial and legacy, Philippe Pétain - Lists of the successive Pétain governments until 1942, Philippe Pétain - Pétain's First Government 16 June - 12 July 1940, Philippe Pétain - Pétain's Second Government 12 July - 6 September 1940, Philippe Pétain - Pétain's Third Government 6 September 1940 - 25 February 1941, Philippe Pétain - Pétain's Fourth Ministry 25 February - 12 August 1941, Philippe Pétain - Pétain's Fifth Government 12 August 1941 - 18 April 1942

Read more here: » Philippe Pétain: Encyclopedia II - Philippe Pétain - World War II and Vichy France