Encyclopedia - History Of Measurement: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Measurement - Introduction
Units of measurement were among the earliest tools invented by humans. Primitive societies needed rudimentary measures for many tasks: co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Measurement: Encyclopedia Ii - Measurement - History
Laws to regulate measurement were originally developed to prevent fraud. However, units of measurement are now generally defined on a sci...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Measurement: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Measurement - History Of Units
History of measurement - Units of length. The Indus Valley units of length referred to above and the Mesopotamian cubit were both used ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Units Of Measurement: Encyclopedia Ii - Units Of Measurement - History
Units of measurement were among the earliest tools invented by humans. Primitive societies needed rudimentary measures for many tasks: co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Longitude: Encyclopedia Ii - Longitude - History Of The Measurement Of Longitude
Longitude - The search for a solution. The measurement of longitude is important to both cartography and navigation. Historically, the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Technology: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Technology - Measuring Technological Progress
Many sociologists and anthropologists have created social theories dealing with social and cultural evolution. Some, like Lewis H. Morgan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Units Of Measurement: Encyclopedia - Units Of Measurement
The definition, agreement and practical use of units of measurement have played a crucial role in human endeavour from early ages up to t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cubit: Encyclopedia - Cubit
Cubit is the name for any one of many units of measure used by various ancient peoples. The natural cubit is based on the distance betwee...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lebesgue Measure: Encyclopedia Ii - Lebesgue Measure - Construction Of The Lebesgue Measure
The modern construction of the Lebesgue measure, based on outer measures, is due to Carathéodory. It proceeds as follows: For any subset...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Visual Acuity: Encyclopedia - Visual Acuity
Visual acuity (VA) is one of many components of the visual perception sense and is defined as the eye's ability to resolve fine details. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acre: Encyclopedia - Acre
An acre is an English unit of area, which is also frequently used in the United States and some Commonwealth countries. It is most often ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Atomic Mass Unit: Encyclopedia - Atomic Mass Unit
The unified atomic mass unit (u), or dalton (Da), is a small unit of mass used to express atomic masses and molecular masses. It is defin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Linen: Encyclopedia - Linen
Linen is a material made from the fibers of the flax (and historically, cannabis) plant. Linen - Flax fiber. Linen is descriptive of yar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Atmospheric Chemistry: Encyclopedia - Atmospheric Chemistry
Atmospheric chemistry is a branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets is st...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lebesgue Measure: Encyclopedia Ii - Lebesgue Measure - Relation To Other Measures
The Borel measure agrees with the Lebesgue measure on those sets for which it is defined; however, there are many more Lebesgue-measurabl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hebrew Calendar: Encyclopedia - Hebrew Calendar
The Hebrew calendar (Hebrew: הלוח העברי) or Jewish calendar is the annual calendar used in Judaism. It determines the dates of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Force: Encyclopedia - Force
In physics, a force is an external cause responsible for any change of a physical system. For instance, a person holding a dog by a rope ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cotton: Encyclopedia - Cotton
Cotton is a soft fiber that grows around the seeds of the Cotton plant (Gossypium spp.), a shrub native to the tropical and subtropical r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Globalization: Encyclopedia - Globalization
Globalization is the term used to describe the changes in societies and the world economy that result from dramatically increased interna...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Badshahi Masjid: Encyclopedia - Badshahi Masjid
The Badshahi Masjid (بادشاەى مسجد), literally the 'King's Mosque', was built in 1673 by Aurangzeb in Lahore, Pakistan. It is o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inertia: Encyclopedia - Inertia
In psychology, social inertia describes a person's resistance to change. In economics, inertia has two meanings, the tendency of an econo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Measurement: Encyclopedia Ii - Measurement - Units And Systems Of Measurement
Because measurement involves the estimation of magnitudes of quantities relative to particular quantities, called units, the specificatio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lebesgue Measure: Encyclopedia Ii - Lebesgue Measure - Properties
The Lebesgue measure on Rn has the following properties: If A is a cartesian product of intervals I1 × I2 × ... × In, then A is Lebes...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Units Of Measurement: Encyclopedia Ii - Units Of Measurement - Calculations With Units
Units of measurement - Units as dimensions. Any value of a physical quantity is expressed as a comparison to a unit of that quantity. F...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cubit: Encyclopedia Ii - Cubit - History Of The Different Cubits
Cubit - The Sumerian Nippur cubit and the Egyptian royal cubit. The cubit is among the first recorded units of length used by an ancien...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Si: Encyclopedia Ii - Si - History
The metric system was officially adopted in France after the French Revolution. During the history of the metric system a number of varia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Measurement: Encyclopedia Ii - Measurement - Miscellaneous
Measuring the ratios between physical quantities is an important sub-field of physics. Some important physical quantities include: Speed...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Measurement: Encyclopedia Ii - Measurement - Difficulties In Measurement
Measurement of many quantities is very difficult and prone to large error. Part of the difficulty is due to uncertainty, and part of it i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Strange Units Of Measurement: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Strange Units Of Measurement - Helen
The amount of beauty that can launch one thousand ships. Usually used as the millihelen, the amount of beauty that can launch one ship. N...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Strange Units Of Measurement: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Strange Units Of Measurement - Helen
The amount of beauty that can launch one thousand ships. Usually used as the millihelen, the amount of beauty that can launch one ship. N...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Strange Units Of Measurement: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Strange Units Of Measurement - Helen
The amount of beauty that can launch one thousand ships. Usually used as the millihelen, the amount of beauty that can launch one ship. N...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Units Of Measurement: Encyclopedia Ii - Units Of Measurement - Introduction
The definition, agreement and practical use of units of measurement have played a crucial role in human endeavour from early ages up to t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Units Of Measurement: Encyclopedia Ii - Units Of Measurement - Base And Derived Units
Different systems of units are based on different choices of a set of fundamental units. The most widely used system of units is the Inte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Units Of Measurement: Encyclopedia Ii - Units Of Measurement - Systems Of Measurement
A number of metric systems of units have evolved since the adoption of the original metric system in France in 1791. The current internat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lebesgue Measure: Encyclopedia Ii - Lebesgue Measure - Null Sets
A subset of Rn is a null set if, for every ε > 0, it can be covered with countably many products of n intervals whose total volume is...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gravimetry: Encyclopedia Ii - Gravimetry - How Gravity Is Measured
An instrument used to measure gravity is known as a gravimeter, or gravitometer. Since general relativity regards the effects of gravity ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gravimetry: Encyclopedia Ii - Gravimetry - History
The modern gravimeter was developed by Lucien LaCoste and Arnold Romberg in 1936. They also invented most subsequent refinements, includi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fitness Biology: Encyclopedia Ii - Fitness Biology - Measures Of Fitness
There are two commonly used measures of fitness; absolute fitness and relative fitness. Absolute fitness (wabs) is defined for a given ge...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fitness Biology: Encyclopedia Ii - Fitness Biology - Discussion
An individual's fitness is manifested through its phenotype. As phenotype is affected by both genes and environment, the fitnesses of dif...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Atomic Mass Unit: Encyclopedia Ii - Atomic Mass Unit - Measuring Relative Atomic Masses
The relative atomic mass is measured with a mass spectrometer. After placing a sample of the element to be measured in the mass spectrome...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hyperglycemia: Encyclopedia Ii - Hyperglycemia - Measurement
Glucose levels are measured in either: 1. Milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), in the United States and other countries (Myanmar, Liberia) t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Visual Acuity: Encyclopedia Ii - Visual Acuity - Visual Acuity Expression
Visual acuity is often measured according to the size of letters viewed on a Snellen chart or the size of other symbols, such as Landolt ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Visual Acuity: Encyclopedia Ii - Visual Acuity - Measurement
Visual acuity is typically measured monocularly rather than binocularly with the aid of an optotype chart for distant vision, an optotype...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Visual Acuity: Encyclopedia Ii - Visual Acuity - Measurement Considerations
Visual acuity measurement involves more than being able to see the optotypes. The patient should be cooperative, understand the optotypes...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Globalization: Encyclopedia Ii - Globalization - Measurement Of Globalization
To what extent a country is globalized in a particular year has until most recently been measured employing simple proxies like flows of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Force: Encyclopedia Ii - Force - Forces In Theory
The total (Newtonian) force, in newtons, on an object at any given time is defined as the rate of change of the object's velocity multipl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Atmospheric Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Atmospheric Chemistry - History
The ancient Greeks regarded air as one of the four elements, but the first scientific studies of atmospheric composition began in the 18t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vigipirate: Encyclopedia Ii - Vigipirate - Assessing Situations And Applicable Measures
Specialised services assess threats on a schedule dependant on national and international circumstances. Those services propose changes t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acre: Encyclopedia Ii - Acre - History
The acre was selected as approximately the amount of land tillable by one man behind an ox in one day. This explains its rectangular defi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stretching Body Piercing: Encyclopedia Ii - Stretching Body Piercing - Gauges And Other Measuring Systems
Body jewellery is measured in gauges from 20g down to 000g; sizes larger than that are measured in fractions of inches. In Europe they ar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stretching Body Piercing: Encyclopedia Ii - Stretching Body Piercing - Gauges And Other Measuring Systems
Body jewellery is measured in gauges from 20g up to 000g; sizes larger than that are measured in fractions of inches. In Europe they are ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Visual Acuity: Encyclopedia Ii - Visual Acuity - History
In 1843 Kuechler, a German ophthalmologist, developed a set of three charts, but his work was almost completely forgotten. In 1854 Jaeger...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Visual Acuity: Encyclopedia Ii - Visual Acuity - Physiology Of Visual Acuity
Visual acuity is defined as the eye's ability to resolve fine details. To achieve this, the eye's optical system has to project a focused...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Visual Acuity: Encyclopedia Ii - Visual Acuity - Normal Vision
Visual acuity depends upon how accurately light is focused on the retina (mostly the macular region), the integrity of the eye's neural e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Force: Encyclopedia Ii - Force - Forces In The Laboratory
Force - Founding experiments. Galileo Galilei used rolling balls to disprove the Aristotelian theory of motion (1602 - 1607) Henry Cav...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pregnancy Test: Encyclopedia Ii - Pregnancy Test - Hcg Measurement
All tests currently available to test for the presence of a pregnancy look for the presence of beta hCG or human chorionic gonadotropin i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hyperglycemia: Encyclopedia Ii - Hyperglycemia - Causes
Hyperglycemia - Diabetes. Hyperglycemia is one of the classic symptoms of diabetes mellitus, the others being frequent and excessive th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Force: Encyclopedia Ii - Force - Units Of Measurement
The SI unit used to measure force is the newton (symbol N), which is equivalent to kg·m·s−2. Force - Non-SI units of force and mass....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acre: Encyclopedia Ii - Acre - Conversion
An international acre is equivalent to exactly: 4 046.856 422 4 m² (SI unit) 40.468 564 224 a, 0.404 685&...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pregnancy Test: Encyclopedia Ii - Pregnancy Test - Doubling Rule
Doctors can also perform quantitative a serum beta hCG levels. In the first two months of pregnancy, hCG levels are supposed to double ev...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pregnancy Test: Encyclopedia Ii - Pregnancy Test - False Positive/negative Tests
False negative readings (from home kits) can result in early testing when the concentration of the hCG in the woman's urine is below the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hyperglycemia: Encyclopedia Ii - Hyperglycemia - Common Symptoms Of Diabetic Hyperglycemia
If you have diabetes mellitus, the presence of these symptoms can indicate that blood sugar levels are too high: Polyphagia (frequent hu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Space Fountain: Encyclopedia Ii - Space Fountain - History
The concept originated in a conversation on a computer net in the 1980s when some scientists who usually work in artificial intelligence,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Space Fountain: Encyclopedia Ii - Space Fountain - Design
The Space Fountain acts as a continuous mass driver with captive projectiles travelling in a closed loop. In the Hyde design for a Space ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Space Fountain: Encyclopedia Ii - Space Fountain - Variants
A Space Fountain does not have to go straight up. Instead, the projectiles from the base station could be launched at an angle, forming a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemical Oxygen Demand: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemical Oxygen Demand - History
For many years, the strong oxidizing agent potassium permanganate (KMn04) was used for measuring chemical oxygen demand. Measurements wer...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Woodworking: Encyclopedia Ii - Woodworking - Woodworking Tools
A variety of tools are used for woodworking. These may be divided into hand tools and power tools or woodworking machinery, or they may b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Woodworking: Encyclopedia Ii - Woodworking - Woodworking Tools
A variety of tools are used for woodworking. These may be divided into hand tools and power tools or woodworking machinery, or they may b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Electrocardiogram: Encyclopedia Ii - Electrocardiogram - Lead Placement
An ECG is constructed by measuring electrical potential between various points of the body using a galvanometer. Leads I, II and III are ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bicycle Gearing: Encyclopedia Ii - Bicycle Gearing - Measuring Gears
With a derailleur-based multi-speed bicycle, the gears can be denoted by the number of teeth on the front chainring and rear sprocket, fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lead Poisoning: Encyclopedia Ii - Lead Poisoning - Measurement
One measure of lead in the body is the blood lead level (BLL), measured in micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood (μg/dL). Nearly eve...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pontryagin Duality: Encyclopedia Ii - Pontryagin Duality - Haar Measure
A topological group is locally compact if and only if the identity e of the group has a compact neighborhood. This means that there is so...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pontryagin Duality: Encyclopedia Ii - Pontryagin Duality - Plancherel And Fourier Inversion Theorems
As we have stated, the dual group of a locally compact abelian group is a locally compact abelian group in its own right and thus has a H...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inertia: Encyclopedia Ii - Inertia - Rotational Inertia
A further analogy is that of rotational inertia in which a rotating body maintains its state of uniform rotational motion due to conserva...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Epidemiology: Encyclopedia Ii - Epidemiology - Areas Of Epidemiology
Epidemiology - By Physiology/Disease Area. Infectious Disease epidemiology Cardiovascular disease epidemiology Cancer epidemiology Neu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Force: Encyclopedia Ii - Force - Types Of Force
There are four known fundamental forces in nature. Nuclear forces acting between subatomic particles Electromagnetic forces between elec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Globalization: Encyclopedia Ii - Globalization - History
Since the word has both technical and political meanings, different groups will have differing histories of "globalization". In general u...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Decibel: Encyclopedia Ii - Decibel - Typical Abbreviations
Decibel - Absolute measurements. dBm or dBmW  dB(1 mW) — power measurement relative to 1 milliwatt. dBW  dB(1 W) — same...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Decibel: Encyclopedia Ii - Decibel - Typical Abbreviations
Decibel - Absolute measurements. dBm or dBmW  dB(1 mW) — power measurement relative to 1 milliwatt. dBW  dB(1 W) — same...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Globalization: Encyclopedia Ii - Globalization - Nature And Existence Of Globalization
There is much academic discussion about whether globalization is a real phenomenon or only an analytical artifact (a myth). Although the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Globalization: Encyclopedia Ii - Globalization - Glocalization
A term coined by Roland Robertson, glocalization describes a process whereby the "local" is integrated into the "global". This results in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hebrew Calendar: Encyclopedia Ii - Hebrew Calendar - History
Hebrew calendar - Biblical period. Jews have been using a lunisolar calendar since Biblical times, but originally referred to the month...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hebrew Calendar: Encyclopedia Ii - Hebrew Calendar - Modern Calendar
Hebrew calendar - Epoch. The epoch of the modern Hebrew calendar is 1 Tishri AM 1 (AM = anno mundi = in the year of the world), which i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hebrew Calendar: Encyclopedia Ii - Hebrew Calendar - Accuracy
The average length of the month assumed by the calendar is correct within a fraction of a second (although individual months may be a few...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Globalization: Encyclopedia Ii - Globalization - Meanings
"Globalization" can mean: Globalism, if the concept is reduced to its economic aspects, can be said to contrast with economic nationali...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Globalization: Encyclopedia Ii - Globalization - Characteristics
Globalization has become identified with a number of trends, most of which may have developed since World War II. These include greater i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Globalization: Encyclopedia Ii - Globalization - Anti-globalization
Main article: "Anti-globalization". Various aspects of globalization are seen as harmful by public-interest activists as well as strong s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Globalization: Encyclopedia Ii - Globalization - Pro-globalization Globalism
Supporters of democratic globalization can be labelled pro-globalists. They consider that the first phase of globalization, which was mar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cotton: Encyclopedia Ii - Cotton - History
Cotton has been used to make very fine lightweight cloth in areas with tropical climates for millennia. Some authorities claim that it wa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cotton: Encyclopedia Ii - Cotton - Production
Today cotton is produced in many parts of the world, including Europe, Asia, Africa, the Americas and Australia, using cotton plants that...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cotton: Encyclopedia Ii - Cotton - Uses
In addition to the textile industry, cotton is used in fishnets, coffee filters, tents and in bookbinding. The first Chinese paper was ma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Badshahi Masjid: Encyclopedia Ii - Badshahi Masjid - History
The mosque was built under the patronage of the sixth Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb Alamgir. It was completed in 1673 under the supervision o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Badshahi Masjid: Encyclopedia Ii - Badshahi Masjid - Chief Characteristics
Like the character of its founder, the mosque is bold, vast and majestic in its expression. It was the largest mosque in the world for a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inertia: Encyclopedia Ii - Inertia - History
"Inertia" is a Latin term meaning idleness that has come to mean the tendency of a body to maintain its state of uniform motion unless ac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inertia: Encyclopedia Ii - Inertia - Newtonian Mechanics
Newton adopted Galileo's principle as his first law of motion and set it within the wider context of what came to be known as Newtonian p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Epidemiology: Encyclopedia Ii - Epidemiology - Epidemiology As Causal Inference
Although epidemiology is sometimes viewed as a collection of statistical tools used to elucidate the associations of exposures to health ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Epidemiology: Encyclopedia Ii - Epidemiology - Epidemiology And Advocacy
Some epidemiologists feel that their duties include advocacy for the health of populations, bearing in mind the outpost perspective they ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Epidemiology: Encyclopedia Ii - Epidemiology - History Of Epidemiology
John Graunt, a professional haberdasher¸and a serious amateur scientist published Natural and Political Observations ... upon the Bills ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Globalization: Encyclopedia Ii - Globalization - Characteristics
Globalization/internationalisation has become identified with a number of trends, most of which may have developed since World War II. Th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Globalization: Encyclopedia Ii - Globalization - Pro-globalization Globalism
Supporters of democratic globalization can be labelled pro-globalists. They consider that the first phase of globalization, which was mar...   » Read the article