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History of measurement

A Wisdom Archive on History of measurement

History of measurement

A selection of articles related to History of measurement

We recommend this article: History of measurement - 1, and also this: History of measurement - 2.
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History of measurement

ARTICLES RELATED TO History of measurement

History of measurement: Encyclopedia II - History of measurement - Introduction

Units of measurement were among the earliest tools invented by humans. Primitive societies needed rudimentary measures for many tasks: constructing dwellings of an appropriate size and shape, fashioning clothing, or bartering food or raw materials. The earliest known uniform systems of weights and measures seem to have all been created sometime in the 4th and 3rd millennia BC among the ancient peoples of Mesopotamia, Egypt and the Indus Valley, and perhaps also Elam in Persia as well. The most astounding of these ancient systems was p ...

See also:

History of measurement, History of measurement - Introduction, History of measurement - History of units, History of measurement - Units of length, History of measurement - Typographical units, History of measurement - Units of mass, History of measurement - Units of time and angle

Read more here: » History of measurement: Encyclopedia II - History of measurement - Introduction

History of measurement: Encyclopedia II - Measurement - History
Laws to regulate measurement were originally developed to prevent fraud. However, units of measurement are now generally defined on a scientific basis, and are established by international treaties. In the United States, commercial measurements are regulated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST, a division of the United States Department of Commerce. The history of measurements is a topic within the history of science and technology. The metre (us: meter) was standardized as the unit for length after the French r ...

See also:

Measurement, Measurement - Units and systems of measurement, Measurement - Metrology, Measurement - History, Measurement - Difficulties in measurement, Measurement - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Measurement: Encyclopedia II - Measurement - History

History of measurement: Encyclopedia II - History of measurement - History of units

History of measurement - Units of length. The Indus Valley units of length referred to above and the Mesopotamian cubit were both used in the 3rd millennium BC and are the earliest known units used by ancient peoples to measure length. There were several cubits of different magnitudes that were used. The common cubit was the length of the forearm from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger. It was divided into the span of the hand (one-half cubit), the palm or width of the hand (one sixth), and the digi ...

See also:

History of measurement, History of measurement - Introduction, History of measurement - History of units, History of measurement - Units of length, History of measurement - Typographical units, History of measurement - Units of mass, History of measurement - Units of time and angle

Read more here: » History of measurement: Encyclopedia II - History of measurement - History of units

History of measurement: Encyclopedia II - Units of measurement - History

Units of measurement were among the earliest tools invented by humans. Primitive societies needed rudimentary measures for many tasks: constructing dwellings of an appropriate size and shape, fashioning clothing, or bartering food or raw materials. The earliest known uniform systems of weights and measures seem to have all been created sometime in the 4th and 3rd millennia BC among the ancient peoples of Mesopotamia, Egypt and the Indus Valley, and perhaps also Elam in Persia as well. Many systems were based on the use of parts ...

See also:

Units of measurement, Units of measurement - Introduction, Units of measurement - History, Units of measurement - Systems of measurement, Units of measurement - Base and derived units, Units of measurement - Calculations with units, Units of measurement - Units as dimensions, Units of measurement - Guidelines, Units of measurement - Expressing a physical value in terms of another unit

Read more here: » Units of measurement: Encyclopedia II - Units of measurement - History

History of measurement: Encyclopedia II - Longitude - History of the measurement of longitude

Longitude - The search for a solution. The measurement of longitude is important to both cartography and navigation. Historically, the most important practical application of these was to provide safe ocean navigation. Knowledge of both latitude and longitude was required. Whereas latitude was easy to determine by celestial navigation using the elevation of the pole star or of the sun at noon, for longitude early ocean navigators had to rely on dead reckoning. This was inaccurate on long voyages out ...

See also:

Longitude, Longitude - History of the measurement of longitude, Longitude - The search for a solution, Longitude - The Longitude Act and Harrison's chronometer, Longitude - Later developments, Longitude - Ecliptic latitude and longitude, Longitude - Longitude on bodies other than Earth

Read more here: » Longitude: Encyclopedia II - Longitude - History of the measurement of longitude

History of measurement: Encyclopedia II - History of technology - Measuring technological progress

Many sociologists and anthropologists have created social theories dealing with social and cultural evolution. Some, like Lewis H. Morgan, Leslie White, and Gerhard Lenski, declare technological progress to be the primary factor driving the development of human civilisation. Morgan's concept of three major stages of social evoluton (savagery, barbarism, and civilization) can be divided by technological milestones, like fire, the bow, and pottery in the savage era, domestication of animals, agriculture, and metalworking ...

See also:

History of technology, History of technology - By period and geography, History of technology - Early technology, History of technology - Prehistoric times, History of technology - Ancient Egypt, History of technology - Tribal Europe, History of technology - Ancient Rome, History of technology - Ancient India, History of technology - Ancient China, History of technology - Medieval China, History of technology - Inca, History of technology - Maya, History of technology - European, History of technology - Measuring technological progress, History of technology - By type of technology, History of technology - History of biotechnology, History of technology - History of civil engineering, History of technology - History of communication, History of technology - History of computing, History of technology - History of consumer technology, History of technology - History of electrical engineering, History of technology - History of energy technology, History of technology - History of materials science, History of technology - History of medicine, History of technology - History of military technology, History of technology - History of nuclear technology, History of technology - History of scientific technology, History of technology - History of timekeeping, History of technology - History of transport technology, History of technology - Related history, History of technology - Related disciplines, History of technology - Related subjects, History of technology - Future of science and technology speculative, History of technology - People, History of technology - Historiography of science and technology, History of technology - Historians of science and technology, History of technology - Journals and periodicals in the history of science and technology, History of technology - Research institutes

Read more here: » History of technology: Encyclopedia II - History of technology - Measuring technological progress

History of measurement: Encyclopedia - Units of measurement

The definition, agreement and practical use of units of measurement have played a crucial role in human endeavour from early ages up to this day. Disparate systems of measurement used to be very common. Now there is a global standard, the International System (SI) of units, a form of metric system. The SI has been or is in the process of being adopted throughout the world. The United States of America is almost certainly the last to adopt the system but even there it is increasingly being used. Standards are very important. Eac ...

Including:

Read more here: » Units of measurement: Encyclopedia - Units of measurement

History of measurement: Encyclopedia - Cubit

Cubit is the name for any one of many units of measure used by various ancient peoples. The natural cubit is based on the distance between thumb and another finger to the elbow on an average person. It was employed consistently — to measure originally cords and textiles for example — also in Middle-Ages up to the Early Modern Times. This natural cubit measures 24 digits or 6 palms or 1½ foot. This is about 45 cm or 18 inches. Early on, greater cubits (in a larger sense) featured on: 7 palms, ...

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Read more here: » Cubit: Encyclopedia - Cubit

History of measurement: Encyclopedia II - Lebesgue measure - Construction of the Lebesgue measure

The modern construction of the Lebesgue measure, based on outer measures, is due to Carathéodory. It proceeds as follows: For any subset B of Rn, we can define Here, vol(M) is sum of the product of the lengths of the involved intervals. We then define the set A to be Lebesgue measurable if for all sets B. These Lebesgue measurable sets form a σ-algebra, and the Lebesgue measure is defined by λ(A< ...

See also:

Lebesgue measure, Lebesgue measure - Examples, Lebesgue measure - Properties, Lebesgue measure - Null sets, Lebesgue measure - Construction of the Lebesgue measure, Lebesgue measure - Relation to other measures, Lebesgue measure - History

Read more here: » Lebesgue measure: Encyclopedia II - Lebesgue measure - Construction of the Lebesgue measure

History of measurement: Encyclopedia - Visual acuity

Visual acuity (VA) is one of many components of the visual perception sense and is defined as the eye's ability to resolve fine details. VA is a quantitative measure to see an in-focus image at a certain, standarized distance. VA is the most common measurement of visual function that is performed in a clinical setting. Visual acuity - History. In 1843 Kuechler, a German ophthalmologist, developed a set of three charts, but his work was almost completely forgotten. In 1854 Jaeger published a set of re ...

Including:

Read more here: » Visual acuity: Encyclopedia - Visual acuity

History of measurement: Encyclopedia - Acre

An acre is an English unit of area, which is also frequently used in the United States and some Commonwealth countries. It is most often used to describe areas of land. Acre - UK definition. The UK has a definition of the acre in The Units of Measurement Regulations 1995 as 4,046.856422 4 m². This is equivalent to 43,560 square feet using the definition of foot in the same source. Conversion of units, Acre-foot, Acre (Scots) Acre - US definit ...

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Read more here: » Acre: Encyclopedia - Acre

History of measurement: Encyclopedia - Atomic mass unit

The unified atomic mass unit (u), or dalton (Da), is a small unit of mass used to express atomic masses and molecular masses. It is defined to be 1/12 of the mass of one atom of carbon-12. 1 u = 1/NA gram = 1/(1000 NA) kg   (where NA is Avogadro's number) 1 u ≈ 1.66053886 × 10−27 kg See 1 E-27 k ...

Including:

Read more here: » Atomic mass unit: Encyclopedia - Atomic mass unit

History of measurement: Encyclopedia - Linen

Linen is a material made from the fibers of the flax (and historically, cannabis) plant. Linen - Flax fiber. Linen is descriptive of yarns spun entirely from flax fibers, or fabrics woven from linen yarns. It is strong, durable, and resists rotting in damp climates. It is one of the few textiles that has a greater breaking strength wet than dry. It has a long "staple" (individual strand length) relative to cotton and other natural fibers. The fiber in its un-spun state is called flax. After it ...

Including:

Read more here: » Linen: Encyclopedia - Linen

History of measurement: Encyclopedia - Atmospheric chemistry

Atmospheric chemistry is a branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets is studied. It is a multidisciplinary field of research and draws on environmental chemistry, physics, meteorology, computer modeling, oceanography, geology and volcanology and other disciplines. Research is increasingly connected with other areas of study such as climatology. The composition and chemistry of the atmosphere is of importance for several reasons, but primarily because of the interact ...

Including:

Read more here: » Atmospheric chemistry: Encyclopedia - Atmospheric chemistry

History of measurement: Encyclopedia II - Lebesgue measure - Relation to other measures

The Borel measure agrees with the Lebesgue measure on those sets for which it is defined; however, there are many more Lebesgue-measurable sets than there are Borel measurable sets. The Borel measure is translation-invariant, but not complete. The Haar measure can be defined on any locally compact group and is a generalization of the Lebesgue measure (Rn with addition is a locally compact group). The Hausdorff measure (see Hausdorff dimension) is a generalization of the Lebesgue measure that is useful f ...

See also:

Lebesgue measure, Lebesgue measure - Examples, Lebesgue measure - Properties, Lebesgue measure - Null sets, Lebesgue measure - Construction of the Lebesgue measure, Lebesgue measure - Relation to other measures, Lebesgue measure - History

Read more here: » Lebesgue measure: Encyclopedia II - Lebesgue measure - Relation to other measures

History of measurement: Encyclopedia - Hebrew calendar

The Hebrew calendar (Hebrew: הלוח העברי) or Jewish calendar is the annual calendar used in Judaism. It determines the dates of the Jewish holidays, the appropriate Torah portions for public reading, Yahrzeits (the date to commemorate the death of a relative), and the specific daily Psalms which some customarily read. Two major forms of the calendar have been used: an observational form used prior to the destruction of the Second Temple in 70, and based on witnesses observing ...

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Read more here: » Hebrew calendar: Encyclopedia - Hebrew calendar

History of measurement: Encyclopedia - Force

In physics, a force is an external cause responsible for any change of a physical system. For instance, a person holding a dog by a rope is experiencing the force applied by the rope on their hand, and the cause for its pulling forward is the force exercised by the rope. The kinetic expression of this change is, according to Newton's second law, acceleration, but non-kinetic expressions such as deformation can also occur. The SI unit for force is the newton. Force - Elementary concepts. Force in its most pr ...

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Read more here: » Force: Encyclopedia - Force

History of measurement: Encyclopedia - Cotton

Cotton is a soft fiber that grows around the seeds of the Cotton plant (Gossypium spp.), a shrub native to the tropical and subtropical regions of both the Old World and the New World. The fibre is most often spun into thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile. Cotton is a valuable crop because only about 10% of the raw weight is lost in processing. Once traces of wax, protein, etc. are removed, the remainder is a natural polymer of pure cellulose. This cellulose is arranged in a way that gives cotton unique pro ...

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Read more here: » Cotton: Encyclopedia - Cotton

History of measurement: Encyclopedia - Globalization

Globalization is the term used to describe the changes in societies and the world economy that result from dramatically increased international trade and cultural exchange. It describes the increase of trade and investing due to the falling of barriers and the interdependence of countries. In specifically economic contexts, the term refers almost exclusively to the effects of trade, particularly trade liberalization or "free trade" (however, see "meanings" below). More broadly, the term refers to the overall integration, and resulting increase in interdependance, among global ...

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Read more here: » Globalization: Encyclopedia - Globalization

History of measurement: Encyclopedia - Badshahi Masjid

The Badshahi Masjid (بادشاەى مسجد), literally the 'King's Mosque', was built in 1673 by Aurangzeb in Lahore, Pakistan. It is one of the city's best known landmarks, and a major tourist attraction epitomising the beauty and grandeur of the Mughal era. Capable of accommodating up to 60,000 worshippers, it is the second largest mosque in Pakistan, after the Faisal Mosque in Islamabad. The architecture and design of the Badshahi Masjid is closely related to the Jamia Masjid in Delhi, India, which was built in 1648 by Aur ...

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Read more here: » Badshahi Masjid: Encyclopedia - Badshahi Masjid

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