History of Latvia - Article Index

Encyclopedia - History Of Latvia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Latvia - Soviet Period
After the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact between Soviet Russia and Nazi Germany on August 23, 1939, Latvia became a strategic int...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rise Of Sweden As A Great Power: Encyclopedia Ii - Rise Of Sweden As A Great Power - Charles Ix
Main article: Charles IX of Sweden Prehistoric Sweden Early History Kalmar Union Modern Sweden A New Great Power Swedish Empire "Age of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - After The October Revolution 1917-1991
History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Lenin 1917-1924. In March 1919, Lenin delivered a speech "On Anti-Jewish Pog...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - After The October Revolution 1917-1991
History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Lenin 1917-1924. In March 1919, Lenin delivered a speech "On Anti-Jewish Pog...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Jews And Bolshevism
Many members of the Bolshevik party were ethnically Jewish, especially in the leadership of the party, and the percentage of Jewish party...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Tsarist Russia 1480s-1917
Documentary evidence as to the presence of Jews in Muscovite Russia is first found in the chronicles of 1471. The relatively small popula...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Jews In Russia Today
History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jewish life. Since the dissolution of the USSR, democratization in the former USSR...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Early History
Tradition places Jews in southern Russia, Armenia, and Georgia since before the days of the First Temple, and records exist from the four...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Demographic Data
The official census data on Jewish population of Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union.[15] The number of Jews has fallen from about 2.15 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Early History
Tradition places Jews in southern Russia, Armenia, and Georgia since before the days of the First Temple, and records exist from the four...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - The Collapse Of The Soviet Union And Emigration To Israel
A mass emigration was politically undesirable for the Soviet regime. As increasing number of Soviet Jews applied to emigrate to Israel in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Assimilation Trends
In the Tsarist Russia, assimilation, russification and conversion to the state religion of Orthodox Christianity were official policies. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - The Collapse Of The Soviet Union And Emigration To Israel
A mass emigration was politically undesirable for the Soviet regime. As increasing number of Soviet Jews applied to emigrate to Israel in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rise Of Sweden As A Great Power: Encyclopedia Ii - Rise Of Sweden As A Great Power - The Thirty Years' War
See also: Thirty Years' War For eight years (1621–1629) the exhausting and expensive Polish War dragged on. Swedish Livonia was conquer...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Tsarist Russia 1480s-1917
Documentary evidence as to the presence of Jews in Muscovite Russia is first found in the chronicles of 1471. The relatively small popula...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Jews In Russia Today
History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jewish life. Since the dissolution of the USSR, democratization in the former USSR...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Jews And Bolshevism
Many members of the Bolshevik party were ethnically Jewish, especially in the leadership of the party, and the percentage of Jewish party...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Assimilation Trends
In the Tsarist Russia, assimilation, russification and conversion to the state religion of Orthodox Christianity were official policies. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rise Of Sweden As A Great Power: Encyclopedia Ii - Rise Of Sweden As A Great Power - The Ingrian War
See also: Ingrian War The Russian difficulty was more easily and more honourably adjusted. When Novgorod submitted provisionally to the s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Demographic Data
The official census data on Jewish population of Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union.[15] The number of Jews has fallen from about 2.15 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rise Of Sweden As A Great Power: Encyclopedia Ii - Rise Of Sweden As A Great Power - The Polish War
See also: Polish-Swedish War The wars with Denmark and Russia had been almost exclusively Scandinavian wars; the Polish war was of world-...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Riga: Encyclopedia Ii - Riga - History
Riga is located at the site of an ancient settlement of the Livs, an ancient Finno-Ugric tribe, at the junction of the Daugava and Ridzen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Archbishop Of Riga: Encyclopedia Ii - Archbishop Of Riga - Bishops And Archbishops Of Riga
Archbishop of Riga - The Bishopric of Riga 1186-1255. Meinhard, 1186 - 1196 Berthold, 1196 - 1198 Albert of Buxhoeveden, 1199-1229 Nik...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Latvia: Encyclopedia Ii - Latvia - History
Main article: History of Latvia Known originally as Livonia, the area that now constitutes Latvia was under the influence of the German S...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Riga: Encyclopedia Ii - Riga - History
Riga is located at the site of an ancient settlement of the Livs, an ancient Finno-Ugric tribe, at the junction of the Daugava and Ridzen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - The Origins
Homo erectus and Neanderthals settled Europe long before the emergence of modern humans, Homo sapiens. The bones of first Europeans are f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Russia - Imperial Russia
Main article: Imperial Russia History of Russia - Peter the Great. Peter I, the Great (1672–1725), consolidated autocracy in Russia a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Russia - Early History
History of Russia - Early East Slavs. Main article: Early East Slavs The ancestors of the Russians were the Slavic tribes, whose origin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Riga: Encyclopedia Ii - Riga - Business And Commerce
Riga is home to numerous academic institutions, including the University of Latvia (Latvijas Universitāte), Riga Technical University (R...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Latvia: Encyclopedia Ii - Latvia - Sports
Latvia has a professional soccer and hockey league. Latvia's soccer league is named the Latvian football Virsliga. Latvian hockey team ha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Russia - Muscovy
Main article: Muscovy History of Russia - The rise of Moscow. Daniil Aleksandrovich, the youngest son of Nevski, founded the principali...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Riga: Encyclopedia Ii - Riga - Business And Commerce
Riga is home to numerous academic institutions, including the University of Latvia (Latvijas Universitāte), Riga Technical University (R...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Riga: Encyclopedia Ii - Riga - Population
Riga is the biggest city in the Baltic States. The city's population in 2003 was 739,232. In Riga native Latvians make up about 45% of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Latvia: Encyclopedia Ii - Latvia - Demographics
Main article: Demographics of Latvia Latvia's population has been multiethnic for centuries. In 1897 the first official census in this ar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Russia - Russian Federation
Main article: History of post-Soviet Russia By the mid-1990s Russia had a system of multiparty electoral politics. But it was harder to e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Russia - Soviet Union
Main article: History of the Soviet Union History of Russia - Creation of the Soviet Union. The history of Russia between 1922 and 1991...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Russia - Russian Civil War
Main article: Russian Civil War A powerful group of counterrevolutionaries termed the White movement began to organize to topple the Bols...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Russia - Russian Revolution
Main article: Russian Revolution of 1917 Tsar Nicholas II and his subjects entered World War I with enthusiasm and patriotism, with the d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - The 19th Century
After the defeat of revolutionary France, the other great powers tried to restore the situation which existed before 1789. However, their...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - Colonial Expansion
The numerous wars did not prevent the new states from exploring and conquering wide portions of the world, particularly in Asia (Siberia)...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Latvia: Encyclopedia Ii - Latvia - Economy
Main article: Economy of Latvia Since year 2000 Latvia has had one of the highest GDP growth rates in Europe [1]. In 2004, annual GDP gro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - The English Civil War And Unification With Scotland
Main article: English Civil War The first and foremost cause of the War was religion. When Charles became King in 1625 his Arminian style...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - Renaissance And Reformation
In the 15th century, at the end of the Middle Ages, powerful states were appearing, built by the New Monarchs who were centralizing power...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - Later Middle Ages
Early signs of the rebirth of civilization in western Europe began to appear in the 11th century as trade started again in Italy, leading...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - Rome
Much of Greek learning was assimilated by the nascent Roman state as it expanded outward from Italy, taking advantage of its enemies' ina...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - Early Middle Ages
Western Europe emerged as the site of a distinct civilization after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, as barbarian...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - The French Revolution
Main article: French Revolution By the late 18th century France's finances were in disarray. Lavish royal expenditure and costly wars, su...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - Early Modern Period: 16th 17th And 18th Century
The Reformation had profound effects on the unity of Europe. Not only were nations divided one from another by their religious orientatio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - Congress Of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was a conference between ambassadors from the major powers in Europe. It was held in Vienna from 1 October 1814, t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Latvia: Encyclopedia Ii - Latvia - Geography
Main article: Geography of Latvia Large parts of Latvia are covered by forests, and the country has over 12,000 small rivers and over 3,0...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Latvia: Encyclopedia Ii - Latvia - Districts
Main article: Districts of Latvia Latvia is divided into 26 districts called rajons. 7 cities (lielpilsētas) have a separate status. Ai...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Latvia: Encyclopedia Ii - Latvia - Politics
Main article: Politics of Latvia The 100-seat unicameral Latvian parliament, the Saeima, is elected by direct, popular vote every four ye...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - Early 20th Century: The World Wars
After the relative peace of most of the 19th Century, the rivalry between European powers exploded in 1914, when World War I started. On ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - Late 20th Century: The Cold War
World War I and especially World War II ended the pre-eminent position of western Europe. The map of Europe was redrawn at the Yalta Conf...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Europe - Early 21st Century: The European Union
The process of European integration was slow due to the reluctance of most nation states to give up their sovereignty. However, the proce...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Latvia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Latvia - Reinstating Independence
A liberalisation within the communist regime began in the mid 1980s in the USSR. In Latvia there immediately appeared a few mass socio-po...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Latvia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Latvia - Independence
The idea of an independent Latvia became a reality at the beginning of the 1900s. The course of World War I (WWI) activated the idea of i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Latvia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Latvia - Legendary History
The proto-Baltic forefathers of the Latvian people have lived on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea since the third millennium BC [1]. A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Latvia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Latvia - German Period
Because of its strategic geographic location, Latvian territory has always been invaded by other larger nations, and this situation has d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Latvia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Latvia - Polish And Swedish Period
The 1500s were a time of great changes for the inhabitants of Latvia, notable for the reformation and the collapse of the Livonian nation...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Latvia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Latvia - Russian Period
At the beginning of the 1700s, the Great Northern War broke out. The course of this war was directly linked with today's Latvian territor...   » Read the article