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History of Kazakhstan | A Wisdom Archive on History of Kazakhstan | | History of Kazakhstan A selection of articles related to History of Kazakhstan | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO History of Kazakhstan | | | |  History of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Kazakhstan - BackgroundBy far the largest of the Central Asian republics of the former Soviet Union, independent Kazakhstan is the world's ninth-largest nation in geographic area. The population density of Kazakhstan is among the lowest in the world, partly because the country includes large areas of inhospitable terrain. Kazakhstan is located deep within the Asian continent, with coastline only on the landlocked Caspian Sea. The proximity of unstable countries such as Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Azerbaija ...
See also:History of Kazakhstan, History of Kazakhstan - Background, History of Kazakhstan - Historical Setting, History of Kazakhstan - Early Tribal Movements, History of Kazakhstan - Forming the Modern Nation, History of Kazakhstan - Russian Control, History of Kazakhstan - In the Soviet Union, History of Kazakhstan - Reform and Nationalist Conflict, History of Kazakhstan - The Rise of Nazarbayev, History of Kazakhstan - Sovereignty and Independence, History of Kazakhstan - Moving forward Read more here: » History of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Kazakhstan - Background |
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| | | | History of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Prehistory Recent genetic studies have concluded that humans arrived in the region around 40,000 to 50,000 years ago, making the region one of the oldest sites of human habitation. The archaeological evidence of population in this region is sparse, however, whereas evidence of human habitation in Africa and Australia prior to that of Central Asia is well-known. Some studies have also identified this region as the likeliest source of the populations who later inhabited Europe, Siberia, and North America.[1] The region is also often considered to be ...
See also:History of Central Asia, History of Central Asia - Prehistory, History of Central Asia - External influences, History of Central Asia - Return of indigenous rule, History of Central Asia - Conquest of the steppes, History of Central Asia - Foreign control of Turkestan, History of Central Asia - Russia's Campaigns, History of Central Asia - Chinese Influence, History of Central Asia - Revolution and Revolt, History of Central Asia - Soviet and PRC domination, History of Central Asia - Since 1991, History of Central Asia - Notes, History of Central Asia - References & further reading Read more here: » History of Central Asia: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Prehistory |
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| | | | History of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - External influences In the first and second millennia BC a series of large and powerful states developed on the southern periphery of Central Asia. These empires launched several attempts to conquer the steppe peoples, but met with only mixed success. The Median Empire and Achaemenid Empire both ruled parts of Central Asia. Chinese states would also regularly strive to extend their power westwards. Despite their military might, these states found it almost impossible to conquer the nomads. When faced by a stronger force the nomads could simply retreat deep into ...
See also:History of Central Asia, History of Central Asia - Prehistory, History of Central Asia - External influences, History of Central Asia - Return of indigenous rule, History of Central Asia - Conquest of the steppes, History of Central Asia - Foreign control of Turkestan, History of Central Asia - Russia's Campaigns, History of Central Asia - Chinese Influence, History of Central Asia - Revolution and Revolt, History of Central Asia - Soviet and PRC domination, History of Central Asia - Since 1991, History of Central Asia - Notes, History of Central Asia - References & further reading Read more here: » History of Central Asia: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - External influences |
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| | | | History of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Conquest of the steppes The lifestyle that had existed largely unchanged since 500 BC began to disappear after 1500. An important change in the world economy in the fourteenth and fifteenth century was brought about by the development of nautical technology. Ocean trade routes were pioneered by the Europeans, who were cut off from the Silk Road by the Muslim states that controlled its western termini. The trade between East Asia, India, Europe, and the Middle East began to move over the seas and not through Central Asia. The disunity of the region after the end of the Mongol Empire also made trade and t ...
See also:History of Central Asia, History of Central Asia - Prehistory, History of Central Asia - External influences, History of Central Asia - Return of indigenous rule, History of Central Asia - Conquest of the steppes, History of Central Asia - Foreign control of Turkestan, History of Central Asia - Russia's Campaigns, History of Central Asia - Chinese Influence, History of Central Asia - Revolution and Revolt, History of Central Asia - Soviet and PRC domination, History of Central Asia - Since 1991, History of Central Asia - Notes, History of Central Asia - References & further reading Read more here: » History of Central Asia: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Conquest of the steppes |
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| | | | History of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Return of indigenous rule Over time, as new technologies were introduced, the nomadic horsemen grew in power. The Scythians developed the saddle, and by the time of the Alans the use of the stirrup had begun. Horses continued to grow larger and sturdier so that chariots were no longer needed as the horses could carry men with ease. This greatly increased the mobility of the nomads; it also freed their hands, allowing them to use the bow from horseback. Using small but powerful composite bows, the steppe people gradually became the most powerful military force in the ...
See also:History of Central Asia, History of Central Asia - Prehistory, History of Central Asia - External influences, History of Central Asia - Return of indigenous rule, History of Central Asia - Conquest of the steppes, History of Central Asia - Foreign control of Turkestan, History of Central Asia - Russia's Campaigns, History of Central Asia - Chinese Influence, History of Central Asia - Revolution and Revolt, History of Central Asia - Soviet and PRC domination, History of Central Asia - Since 1991, History of Central Asia - Notes, History of Central Asia - References & further reading Read more here: » History of Central Asia: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Return of indigenous rule |
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| | | | History of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Since 1991 From 1988 to 1992 a free press and multiparty system developed in the Central Asian republics as perestroika pressured the local Communist parties to open up. What Svat Soucek calls the "Central Asian Spring" was very short-lived, as soon after independence former Communist Party officials recast themselves as local strongmen.[3] In no state has repression been as great as it was in Soviet times, but none of the new republics could be considered functiona ...
See also:History of Central Asia, History of Central Asia - Prehistory, History of Central Asia - External influences, History of Central Asia - Return of indigenous rule, History of Central Asia - Conquest of the steppes, History of Central Asia - Foreign control of Turkestan, History of Central Asia - Russia's Campaigns, History of Central Asia - Chinese Influence, History of Central Asia - Revolution and Revolt, History of Central Asia - Soviet and PRC domination, History of Central Asia - Since 1991, History of Central Asia - Notes, History of Central Asia - References & further reading Read more here: » History of Central Asia: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Since 1991 |
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| | | | History of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Soviet and PRC domination In 1918 the Bolsheviks set up the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, and Bukhara and Khiva also became SSRs. In 1919 the Conciliatory Commission for Turkestan Affairs was established, to try to improve relations between the locals and the Communists. New policies were introduced, respecting local customs and religion. In 1920 the Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, covering modern Kazakhstan, was set up. It was renamed the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1925. In 1924, the Soviets created the Uzbek SSR and the Turkmen SSR. In 1929 the Tajik SSR was split fro ...
See also:History of Central Asia, History of Central Asia - Prehistory, History of Central Asia - External influences, History of Central Asia - Return of indigenous rule, History of Central Asia - Conquest of the steppes, History of Central Asia - Foreign control of Turkestan, History of Central Asia - Russia's Campaigns, History of Central Asia - Chinese Influence, History of Central Asia - Revolution and Revolt, History of Central Asia - Soviet and PRC domination, History of Central Asia - Since 1991, History of Central Asia - Notes, History of Central Asia - References & further reading Read more here: » History of Central Asia: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Soviet and PRC domination |
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| | | | History of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Foreign control of Turkestan
History of Central Asia - Russia's Campaigns.
The forces of the khanates were poorly-eqipped, and could do little to resist the advance of the Tsars' armies, although the Kokandian commander Alimqul led a quixotic campaign before being killed outside Chimkent. The main opposition to Russian expansion into Turkestan came from the British, who felt that Russia was growing too powerful, and threatening the North-West frontiers of British India. This rivalry came to be known as The Great Game, where both powers compe ...
See also:History of Central Asia, History of Central Asia - Prehistory, History of Central Asia - External influences, History of Central Asia - Return of indigenous rule, History of Central Asia - Conquest of the steppes, History of Central Asia - Foreign control of Turkestan, History of Central Asia - Russia's Campaigns, History of Central Asia - Chinese Influence, History of Central Asia - Revolution and Revolt, History of Central Asia - Soviet and PRC domination, History of Central Asia - Since 1991, History of Central Asia - Notes, History of Central Asia - References & further reading Read more here: » History of Central Asia: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Foreign control of Turkestan |
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| | | | History of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - Kazakhstan - History Main article: History of Kazakhstan
Humans have inhabited what is now known as Kazakhstan since the earliest Stone Age, generally pursuing the nomadic movement pastoralism for which the region's climate and terrain are best suited. In fact, historians believe vast steppes of modern day Kazakhstan was the place where the man first domesticated the horse. From the 4th century through the beginning of the 13th century, the territory of Kazakhstan was ruled by a series of nomadic nations. Following the Mongolian invasion in the ear ...
See also:Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan - History, Kazakhstan - Politics, Kazakhstan - Kazakh Intelligence Services, Kazakhstan - Provinces, Kazakhstan - Geography, Kazakhstan - Economy, Kazakhstan - Agriculture, Kazakhstan - Natural resources, Kazakhstan - Foreign relations, Kazakhstan - Demographics, Kazakhstan - Kazakhs and Kazakhstanis terminology, Kazakhstan - Education, Kazakhstan - Culture, Kazakhstan - Public holidays, Kazakhstan - Miscellaneous topics Read more here: » Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - Kazakhstan - History |
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| | | | History of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - Kazakhstan - History Main article: History of Kazakhstan
Humans have inhabited what is now known as Kazakhstan since the earliest Stone Age, generally pursuing the nomadic movement pastoralism for which the region's climate and terrain are best suited. In fact, historians believe vast steppes of modern day Kazakhstan was the place where the man first domesticated the horse. From the 4th century through the beginning of the 13th century, the territory of Kazakhstan was ruled by a series of nomadic nations. Following the Mongolian invasion in the ear ...
See also:Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan - History, Kazakhstan - Politics, Kazakhstan - Kazakh Intelligence Services, Kazakhstan - Provinces, Kazakhstan - Geography, Kazakhstan - Economy, Kazakhstan - Agriculture, Kazakhstan - Natural resources, Kazakhstan - Foreign relations, Kazakhstan - Demographics, Kazakhstan - Kazakhs and Kazakhstanis terminology, Kazakhstan - Education, Kazakhstan - Culture, Kazakhstan - Public holidays, Kazakhstan - Miscellaneous topics, Kazakhstan - Environmental issues, Kazakhstan - Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan - Sport, Kazakhstan - Trivia, Kazakhstan - The Borat Incident Read more here: » Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - Kazakhstan - History |
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| | | | History of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - Semiryechye - Semirechie Oblast of Imperial Russia Semirechie Oblast (Semiryechensk Oblast), before 1917 a province of Russian Turkestan in Imperial Russia, including the steppes south of Lake Balkhash and parts of the Tian-shan Mountains around Lake Issyk-kul. It has an area of 147,300 sq. m., and is bounded by the province of Semipalatinsk on the N., by China (Dzungaria, Kulja, Aksu and Kashgar on the E. and S., and by the former Russian provinces of Ferghana, Syr-darya, and Akmolinsk on the W. The Dzungarian Ala-tau Mountains, which separate it from Kulja, extend south-west ...
See also:Semiryechye, Semiryechye - Semirechie Oblast of Imperial Russia, Semiryechye - Reference Read more here: » Semiryechye: Encyclopedia II - Semiryechye - Semirechie Oblast of Imperial Russia |
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| | | | History of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - Kazakhstan - History Main article: History of Kazakhstan
Humans have inhabited what is now known as Kazakhstan since the earliest Stone Age, generally pursuing the nomadic movement pastoralism for which the region's climate and terrain are best suited. From the 4th century through the beginning of the 13th century, the territory of Kazakhstan was ruled by a series of nomadic nations. Following the Mongolian invasion in the early 13th century, administrative districts were established under the Mongol Empire, which eventually became the territories ...
See also:Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan - History, Kazakhstan - Politics, Kazakhstan - Kazakh Intelligence Services, Kazakhstan - Provinces, Kazakhstan - Geography, Kazakhstan - Economy, Kazakhstan - Agriculture, Kazakhstan - Natural resources, Kazakhstan - Foreign relations, Kazakhstan - Demographics, Kazakhstan - Kazakhs and Kazakhstanis terminology, Kazakhstan - Education, Kazakhstan - Culture, Kazakhstan - Public holidays, Kazakhstan - Miscellaneous topics, Kazakhstan - Environmental issues, Kazakhstan - Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan - Sport, Kazakhstan - Trivia, Kazakhstan - The Borat Incident Read more here: » Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - Kazakhstan - History |
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| | | | History of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - Kazakhstan - Demographics Main article: Demographics of Kazakhstan
The majority of modern Kazakhstanis are currently either ethnic Kazakhs (58%) or Russians (27%), with smaller Ukrainian, Uzbek, German, Korean, Uyghur and other minorities (15%). Main religious groupings are Muslim, Russian Orthodox, Roman Catholic and Ukrainian Orthodox.
Kazakhstan is a bilingual country: the Kazakh language, spoken by 64.4% of the population, has the status of the "state" language, while Russian is declared the "official" l ...
See also:Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan - History, Kazakhstan - Politics, Kazakhstan - Kazakh Intelligence Services, Kazakhstan - Provinces, Kazakhstan - Geography, Kazakhstan - Economy, Kazakhstan - Agriculture, Kazakhstan - Natural resources, Kazakhstan - Foreign relations, Kazakhstan - Demographics, Kazakhstan - Kazakhs and Kazakhstanis terminology, Kazakhstan - Education, Kazakhstan - Culture, Kazakhstan - Public holidays, Kazakhstan - Miscellaneous topics Read more here: » Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - Kazakhstan - Demographics |
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| | | | History of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - Kazakhstan - Economy Main article: Economy of Kazakhstan
The Government of Kazakhstan plans to double its Gross domestic product (GDP) by 2008 and triple by 2015 compared to 2000. The GDP growth was stable in last five years, and was higher than 9% (the second fastest growing economy in the world in real terms). The estimation for 2005 is 9.3 % growth in GDP. The GDP growth in 2004 was 9.4%. Kazakhstan's economy grew by 9.2% in 2003, buoyed by high world oil prices. GDP grew 9.5% in 2002; it gre ...
See also:Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan - History, Kazakhstan - Politics, Kazakhstan - Kazakh Intelligence Services, Kazakhstan - Provinces, Kazakhstan - Geography, Kazakhstan - Economy, Kazakhstan - Agriculture, Kazakhstan - Natural resources, Kazakhstan - Foreign relations, Kazakhstan - Demographics, Kazakhstan - Kazakhs and Kazakhstanis terminology, Kazakhstan - Education, Kazakhstan - Culture, Kazakhstan - Public holidays, Kazakhstan - Miscellaneous topics Read more here: » Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - Kazakhstan - Economy |
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| | | | History of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - Kazakhstan - Foreign relations Kazakhstan has stable relationships with all of its neighbors and is a member of the United Nations, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and North Atlantic Cooperation Council. It also is an active participant in the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation's (NATO) Partnership for Peace program. Kazakhstan is also a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization along with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Kazakhstan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan established ...
See also:Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan - History, Kazakhstan - Politics, Kazakhstan - Kazakh Intelligence Services, Kazakhstan - Provinces, Kazakhstan - Geography, Kazakhstan - Economy, Kazakhstan - Agriculture, Kazakhstan - Natural resources, Kazakhstan - Foreign relations, Kazakhstan - Demographics, Kazakhstan - Kazakhs and Kazakhstanis terminology, Kazakhstan - Education, Kazakhstan - Culture, Kazakhstan - Public holidays, Kazakhstan - Miscellaneous topics Read more here: » Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - Kazakhstan - Foreign relations |
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| | | | History of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - Kazakhstan - Politics Main article: Politics of Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan is a constitutional republic with a strong presidency. The president is the head of state. The president also is the commander in chief of the armed forces and may veto legislation that has been passed by the Parliament. President Nursultan Nazarbayev, who has been in office since Kazakhstan became independent, won a new 7-year term in the 1999 election that the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe said fell short of international standards. The prime minister, who ...
See also:Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan - History, Kazakhstan - Politics, Kazakhstan - Kazakh Intelligence Services, Kazakhstan - Provinces, Kazakhstan - Geography, Kazakhstan - Economy, Kazakhstan - Agriculture, Kazakhstan - Natural resources, Kazakhstan - Foreign relations, Kazakhstan - Demographics, Kazakhstan - Kazakhs and Kazakhstanis terminology, Kazakhstan - Education, Kazakhstan - Culture, Kazakhstan - Public holidays, Kazakhstan - Miscellaneous topics Read more here: » Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - Kazakhstan - Politics |
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| | | | History of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - Kazakhstan - Provinces Main article: Provinces of Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan is divided into 14 provinces (oblystar) and the two municipal districts of Almaty and Astana. Each is headed by an Akim (provincial governor) appointed by the president. Municipal Akims are appointed by oblast Akims. The Government of Kazakhstan transferred its capital from Almaty to Astana on December 10, 1997.
Kazakhstan is divided into 14 < ...
See also:Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan - History, Kazakhstan - Politics, Kazakhstan - Kazakh Intelligence Services, Kazakhstan - Provinces, Kazakhstan - Geography, Kazakhstan - Economy, Kazakhstan - Agriculture, Kazakhstan - Natural resources, Kazakhstan - Foreign relations, Kazakhstan - Demographics, Kazakhstan - Kazakhs and Kazakhstanis terminology, Kazakhstan - Education, Kazakhstan - Culture, Kazakhstan - Public holidays, Kazakhstan - Miscellaneous topics Read more here: » Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - Kazakhstan - Provinces |
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| | | | History of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - Kazakhstan - Education Primary education lasts for four years preceded by one year of pre-school education. Secondary education consists in three main educational phases: primary education (forms 1-4), basic general education (forms 5-9) and senior level education (forms 10-11 or 12) divided into continued general education and professional education. These three levels of education can be followed in one institution or in different ones (e.g. primary school, then secondary school). Recently, several secondary schools, specialized schools, magnet schools, gymnasiu ...
See also:Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan - History, Kazakhstan - Politics, Kazakhstan - Kazakh Intelligence Services, Kazakhstan - Provinces, Kazakhstan - Geography, Kazakhstan - Economy, Kazakhstan - Agriculture, Kazakhstan - Natural resources, Kazakhstan - Foreign relations, Kazakhstan - Demographics, Kazakhstan - Kazakhs and Kazakhstanis terminology, Kazakhstan - Education, Kazakhstan - Culture, Kazakhstan - Public holidays, Kazakhstan - Miscellaneous topics Read more here: » Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - Kazakhstan - Education |
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| | | | History of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - Kazakhstan - Foreign relations Kazakhstan has stable relationships with all of its neighbors and is a member of the United Nations, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and North Atlantic Cooperation Council. It also is an active participant in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Partnership for Peace program. Kazakhstan is also a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization along with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Kazakhstan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan established ...
See also:Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan - History, Kazakhstan - Politics, Kazakhstan - Kazakh Intelligence Services, Kazakhstan - Provinces, Kazakhstan - Geography, Kazakhstan - Economy, Kazakhstan - Agriculture, Kazakhstan - Natural resources, Kazakhstan - Foreign relations, Kazakhstan - Demographics, Kazakhstan - Kazakhs and Kazakhstanis terminology, Kazakhstan - Education, Kazakhstan - Culture, Kazakhstan - Public holidays, Kazakhstan - Miscellaneous topics, Kazakhstan - Environmental issues, Kazakhstan - Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan - Sport, Kazakhstan - Trivia, Kazakhstan - The Borat Incident Read more here: » Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - Kazakhstan - Foreign relations |
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