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History of intersex surgery
A Wisdom Archive on History of intersex surgery

History of intersex surgery A selection of articles related to History of intersex surgery

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History of intersex surgery

ARTICLES RELATED TO History of intersex surgery

History of intersex surgery: Encyclopedia II - History of intersex surgery - Surgical pioneering and the discovery that gender is constructed

Genital reconstructive surgery was pioneered between 1930 and 1960 by urologist Hugh Hampton Young and other surgeons at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore and other major university centers. Understanding of intersex conditions was relatively primitive, based on identifying the type of gonad(s) by palpation or by surgery. Since ability to determine even the type of gonads in infancy was limited, sex of assignment and rearing were determined mainly by the appearance of the external genit ...

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History of intersex surgery, History of intersex surgery - Surgical pioneering and the discovery that gender is constructed, History of intersex surgery - Triumph of infant surgery and nurture over nature, History of intersex surgery - Complications arise both in the theories and in the patients, History of intersex surgery - Nature back on top: surgeons go from hero to villain in 3 years, History of intersex surgery - Outcomes and statistics, History of intersex surgery - Controversy

Read more here: » History of intersex surgery: Encyclopedia II - History of intersex surgery - Surgical pioneering and the discovery that gender is constructed

History of intersex surgery: Encyclopedia II - Intersex surgery - Masculinizing surgical procedures

Orchiopexy and hypospadias repair are the most common types of genital corrective surgery performed in infant boys, but most of these boys have no other abnormalities and are not considered to have an intersex condition. Undervirilized boys typically have at least one of these two procedures performed in addition to others described below. Types of undervirization and malformation for which some type of masculinizing surgery has been performed most often in the last 50 years are: the configuration of ambiguous genitalia r ...

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Intersex surgery, Intersex surgery - Purposes of genital reconstructive surgery, Intersex surgery - Types of surgery, Intersex surgery - Masculinizing surgical procedures, Intersex surgery - Feminizing surgical procedures, Intersex surgery - Controversies and unsettled questions

Read more here: » Intersex surgery: Encyclopedia II - Intersex surgery - Masculinizing surgical procedures

History of intersex surgery: Encyclopedia II - Sex assignment - Assignment in intersex conditions

Intersex is a broadly defined term that usually denotes the presence of discordance of the biological aspects of sex: at least some aspect of the genitalia, internal organs, gonadal tissue, or chromosomes is more typical of the other sex, or incompletely differentiated. When the external genitalia appear to be "in between", they are described as ambiguous. In approximately 1 in 5,000 infants there is enough variation in the appearance of the external genitalia to give rise to hesitation about appropriate assignment by the physician in ...

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Sex assignment, Sex assignment - Assignment in intersex conditions, Sex assignment - Re-assignment of sex or gender

Read more here: » Sex assignment: Encyclopedia II - Sex assignment - Assignment in intersex conditions

History of intersex surgery: Encyclopedia II - History of medicine - General review of the history of medicine

History of medicine - Egyptian medicine. See main article: Ancient Egyptian medicine. Medical information contained in the Edwin Smith Papyrus date as early as 3000 BC ([1]). The earliest known surgery was performed in Egypt around 2750 BC (see surgery). Imhotep in the 3rd dynasty is credited as the founder of ancient Egyptian medicine and as the original author of the Edwin Smith papyrus, detailing cures, ailments and anatomical observations. The Edwin Smith papyrus is regarded as a copy of several ...

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History of medicine, History of medicine - General review of the history of medicine, History of medicine - Egyptian medicine, History of medicine - Muslim medicine, History of medicine - Hebrew medicine, History of medicine - Chinese medicine, History of medicine - Indian medicine, History of medicine - Early European medicine, History of medicine - Renaissance and Enlightenment medicine, History of medicine - Modern medicine, History of medicine - Special history of medicine, History of medicine - Museums and collections of health and medicine, History of medicine - Bibliography

Read more here: » History of medicine: Encyclopedia II - History of medicine - General review of the history of medicine

History of intersex surgery: Encyclopedia II - Micropenis - Causes

Micropenis can have a variety of causes. Since it is defined statistically, a large proportion of males with micropenis are simply normal but in the lowest percentile of normal size. As for many other conditions, the term "idiopathic" is often used when a cause cannot be determined. Of the abnormal conditions associated with micropenis, most are conditions of reduced prenatal androgen production or effect. Examples include abnormal testicular development (testicular dysgenesis, Klinefelter syndrome, Leydig cell hypoplasia), specific d ...

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Micropenis, Micropenis - Causes, Micropenis - Treatment

Read more here: » Micropenis: Encyclopedia II - Micropenis - Causes

History of intersex surgery: Encyclopedia II - Intersex surgery - Controversies and unsettled questions

Management practices for several types of intersex conditions and other abnormalities and injuries of the genitalia have evolved over the last 50 years. In the last decade several of the surgical practices have become the subject of public and professional controversy. See History of intersex surgery for more detail. Is functional outcome better when surgery is performed in infancy, in adolescence, or adulthood, for vaginoplasty for markedly virilized females (e.g., from congenital adrenal hyperplasia, mixed gonadal dysgenesis, or par ...

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Intersex surgery, Intersex surgery - Purposes of genital reconstructive surgery, Intersex surgery - Types of surgery, Intersex surgery - Masculinizing surgical procedures, Intersex surgery - Feminizing surgical procedures, Intersex surgery - Controversies and unsettled questions

Read more here: » Intersex surgery: Encyclopedia II - Intersex surgery - Controversies and unsettled questions

History of intersex surgery: Encyclopedia II - Intersex surgery - Feminizing surgical procedures

In the last 50 years, the following procedures were most commonly performed for the following intersex conditions and birth defects in order to make the genitalia more like those of normal females: virilization due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia malformations of genitalia in genetic females urogenital sinus malformation cloacal exstrophy conditions involving severe undervirilization or malformations of genetic males, or infants with mixed genetic sex, to be assigned and raised a ...

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Intersex surgery, Intersex surgery - Purposes of genital reconstructive surgery, Intersex surgery - Types of surgery, Intersex surgery - Masculinizing surgical procedures, Intersex surgery - Feminizing surgical procedures, Intersex surgery - Controversies and unsettled questions

Read more here: » Intersex surgery: Encyclopedia II - Intersex surgery - Feminizing surgical procedures

History of intersex surgery: Encyclopedia II - Micropenis - Treatment

A number of surgical techniques for penis enlargement have been devised and performed but are not generally considered successful enough to be widely adopted and are rarely performed in childhood. In extreme cases of micropenis, there is barely any shaft, and the glans appears to sit almost on the pubic skin. From the 1960s until the late 1970s, it was not unusual for sex reassignment and surgery to be recommended. This was especially likely if evidence suggested that response to additional testosterone and pubertal testosterone would ...

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Micropenis, Micropenis - Causes, Micropenis - Treatment

Read more here: » Micropenis: Encyclopedia II - Micropenis - Treatment

History of intersex surgery: Encyclopedia II - History of intersex surgery - Outcomes and statistics

Regardless of the "representativeness" of the advocacy groups, the doctors began to listen. Within a short time re-evaluation of intersex management was a major topic in the journals and the meetings of the pediatric endocrinologists and urologists. There was no international "registry" of genital reconstructive surgery. Most cases of this type of surgery were being carried out in a relatively small number of centers. Several of the larger institutions embarked on individual and collaborative retrospective outcome studies, attempting to cont ...

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History of intersex surgery, History of intersex surgery - Surgical pioneering and the discovery that gender is constructed, History of intersex surgery - Triumph of infant surgery and nurture over nature, History of intersex surgery - Complications arise both in the theories and in the patients, History of intersex surgery - Nature back on top: surgeons go from hero to villain in 3 years, History of intersex surgery - Outcomes and statistics, History of intersex surgery - Controversy

Read more here: » History of intersex surgery: Encyclopedia II - History of intersex surgery - Outcomes and statistics

History of intersex surgery: Encyclopedia II - History of intersex surgery - Controversy

The goals of surgery, outlined at the beginning of this article have not changed, but some types of surgery have been discontinued. The primary ongoing controversy surrounds timing of feminizing surgery for virilized girls with CAH. Alhough surgical sex reassignments (to female) of XY males with unambiguous micropenis or penile injury had been dwindling in the 1990s, few if any have been done since. Accounts of spontaneous self-reassignment since then have also reduced the reassignment to female of several other forms of XY ambiguity ...

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History of intersex surgery, History of intersex surgery - Surgical pioneering and the discovery that gender is constructed, History of intersex surgery - Triumph of infant surgery and nurture over nature, History of intersex surgery - Complications arise both in the theories and in the patients, History of intersex surgery - Nature back on top: surgeons go from hero to villain in 3 years, History of intersex surgery - Outcomes and statistics, History of intersex surgery - Controversy

Read more here: » History of intersex surgery: Encyclopedia II - History of intersex surgery - Controversy

History of intersex surgery: Encyclopedia II - History of intersex surgery - Complications arise both in the theories and in the patients

Throughout the 1980s pediatric surgery textbooks recommended female assignment and feminizing reconstructive surgery for XY infants with a severely inadequate phallus. Nevertheless, in the 1980s several factors began to induce a decline in the frequency of certain types of genital surgery. Pediatric endocrinologists had realized that some boys with micropenis had deficiency of growth hormone which could be improved with hormones rather than surgery, and over the next decade a couple of reports suggested adult outcome as males was not as bad ...

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History of intersex surgery, History of intersex surgery - Surgical pioneering and the discovery that gender is constructed, History of intersex surgery - Triumph of infant surgery and nurture over nature, History of intersex surgery - Complications arise both in the theories and in the patients, History of intersex surgery - Nature back on top: surgeons go from hero to villain in 3 years, History of intersex surgery - Outcomes and statistics, History of intersex surgery - Controversy

Read more here: » History of intersex surgery: Encyclopedia II - History of intersex surgery - Complications arise both in the theories and in the patients

History of intersex surgery: Encyclopedia II - History of intersex surgery - Triumph of infant surgery and nurture over nature

By the 1960s, the young specialties of pediatric surgery and pediatric urology at children's hospitals were universally admired for bringing infant birth defect surgery to new levels of success and safety. These specialized surgeons began to repair wider varieties of birth defects at younger ages with better results. Earlier correction reduced the social "differentness" of a child with a cleft lip, or club foot, or skull malformation, or could save the life of an infant with spina bifida. Genital corrective surgeries in infancy were j ...

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History of intersex surgery, History of intersex surgery - Surgical pioneering and the discovery that gender is constructed, History of intersex surgery - Triumph of infant surgery and nurture over nature, History of intersex surgery - Complications arise both in the theories and in the patients, History of intersex surgery - Nature back on top: surgeons go from hero to villain in 3 years, History of intersex surgery - Outcomes and statistics, History of intersex surgery - Controversy

Read more here: » History of intersex surgery: Encyclopedia II - History of intersex surgery - Triumph of infant surgery and nurture over nature

History of intersex surgery: Encyclopedia II - History of intersex surgery - Nature back on top: surgeons go from hero to villain in 3 years

By 1990, biological factors were being reported for a wide variety of human behaviors and personality characteristics. The idea that culture accounted for all the differences between men and women seemed as obsolete as psychotherapy for homosexuality. A more abrupt and sweeping re-evaluation of reconstructive genital surgery began about 1997, triggered by a combination of factors. One of the major factors was the rise of patient advocacy groups that expressed dissatisfaction with several aspects of their own past treatments. The polit ...

See also:

History of intersex surgery, History of intersex surgery - Surgical pioneering and the discovery that gender is constructed, History of intersex surgery - Triumph of infant surgery and nurture over nature, History of intersex surgery - Complications arise both in the theories and in the patients, History of intersex surgery - Nature back on top: surgeons go from hero to villain in 3 years, History of intersex surgery - Outcomes and statistics, History of intersex surgery - Controversy

Read more here: » History of intersex surgery: Encyclopedia II - History of intersex surgery - Nature back on top: surgeons go from hero to villain in 3 years

More material related to History Of Intersex Surgery can be found here:

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History Of Intersex Surge...