History of Greece

The Mudanya Armistice was concluded on October 11, 1922, with the Allies keeping east Thrace and the Bosporus under occupation, but the Greeks evacuating these areas. The agreement came into force starting October 15, one day after the Greek side agreed to sign it. For more details on this topic, see Armistice of Mudanya. The Armistice of Mudanya was followed by Treaty of Lausanne, which a significant part of it was secured for the exchange of populations. For more details on this topic, see ...

See also:

Greco-Turkish War 1919-1922, Greco-Turkish War 1919-1922 - Political Background, Greco-Turkish War 1919-1922 - Armistice of Mudros, Greco-Turkish War 1919-1922 - Treaty of Sèvres, Greco-Turkish War 1919-1922 - Active Stage, Greco-Turkish War 1919-1922 - Results

Read more here: » Greco-Turkish War 1919-1922: Encyclopedia II - Greco-Turkish War 1919-1922 - Results

Main article: Geography of Greece The country consists of a large mainland at the southern end of the Balkans; the Peloponnesus peninsula (separated from the mainland by the canal of the Isthmus of Corinth); and numerous islands (around 3,000), including Crete, Rhodes, Kos, Euboea and the Dodecanese and Cycladic groups of the Aegean Sea as well as the Ionian sea islands. Greece has more than 15,000 kilometres of coastline and ...

See also:

Greece, Greece - Name, Greece - History, Greece - Prehistory and antiquity, Greece - Roman rule and Middle Ages, Greece - Ottoman Period, Greece - Creation of the modern Greek state, Greece - Politics, Greece - Local government, Greece - Geography, Greece - Economy, Greece - Tourism, Greece - Demographics, Greece - Religion, Greece - Culture, Greece - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Greece: Encyclopedia II - Greece - Geography

Main article: Geography of Greece The country consists of a large mainland at the southern end of the Balkans; the Peloponnesus peninsula (separated from the mainland by the canal of the Isthmus of Corinth); and numerous islands (around 3,000), including Crete, Rhodes, Kos, Euboea and the Dodecanese and Cycladic groups of the Aegean Sea as well as the Ionian sea islands. Greece has more than 15,000 kilometres of coastline and ...

See also:

Greece, Greece - Name, Greece - History, Greece - Prehistory and antiquity, Greece - Roman rule and Middle Ages, Greece - Ottoman rule, Greece - Creation of the modern Greek state, Greece - Politics, Greece - Local government, Greece - Geography, Greece - Economy, Greece - Tourism, Greece - Demographics, Greece - Religion, Greece - Culture, Greece - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Greece: Encyclopedia II - Greece - Geography

In 1224 the Latin Kingdom of Thessalonica was captured by the Despot of Epirus, but Epirus itself came under Bulgarian control in 1230. With Trebizond lacking any real power, Nicaea was the only Byzantine state left, and John III expanded his territory into the Aegean Sea. In 1235 he allied with Ivan II of Bulgaria, allowing him to extend his influence over Thessalonica and Epirus. In 1242 the Mongols invaded Seljuk territory to the west of Nicaea, and although John III was worried they may attack him next, they ended up eliminating the Selj ...

See also:

Empire of Nicaea, Empire of Nicaea - Foundation, Empire of Nicaea - Expansion, Empire of Nicaea - Recapture of Constantinople, Empire of Nicaea - Emperors of Nicaea

Read more here: » Empire of Nicaea: Encyclopedia II - Empire of Nicaea - Expansion

Despotate of Epirus - Ducas dynasty. Michael Angelus Comnenus Ducas (1204-1214) (Michael I Ducas) Theodore Ducas (1214-1230), emperor from 1227-1230 Michael II Ducas (1230-1271) Nicephorus I Ducas (1271-1296) Thomas Ducas (1296-1318) Despotate of Epirus - Orsini dynasty. Nicholas Orsini (1318-1323) John Orsini (1323-1335) ...

See also:

Despotate of Epirus, Despotate of Epirus - Foundation, Despotate of Epirus - Conflict with Nicaea and Bulgaria, Despotate of Epirus - Nicaean and Byzantine suzerainty, Despotate of Epirus - Italian invasions, Despotate of Epirus - Collapse of the despotate, Despotate of Epirus - Despots of Epirus, Despotate of Epirus - Ducas dynasty, Despotate of Epirus - Orsini dynasty, Despotate of Epirus - Nemanjić dynasty, Despotate of Epirus - External link

Read more here: » Despotate of Epirus: Encyclopedia II - Despotate of Epirus - Despots of Epirus

Anna succeeded in marrying Thomas to a daughter of Andronicus II, but Thomas was assassinated in 1318 by Nicholas Orsini, who married his widow and took control of the despotate. He was recognized as legitimate by Andronicus, but was overthrown by his brother John in 1323. John was poisoned around 1335 by his wife Anna who became regent for Nicephorus II. In 1337 Andronicus III, arriving in the area to help the Albanians fight the Ottomans, recaptured all of Epirus. However, Nicephorus II escaped to Italy where Philip of Taranto's widow Cath ...

See also:

Despotate of Epirus, Despotate of Epirus - Foundation, Despotate of Epirus - Conflict with Nicaea and Bulgaria, Despotate of Epirus - Nicaean and Byzantine suzerainty, Despotate of Epirus - Italian invasions, Despotate of Epirus - Collapse of the despotate, Despotate of Epirus - Despots of Epirus, Despotate of Epirus - Ducas dynasty, Despotate of Epirus - Orsini dynasty, Despotate of Epirus - Nemanjić dynasty, Despotate of Epirus - External link

Read more here: » Despotate of Epirus: Encyclopedia II - Despotate of Epirus - Collapse of the despotate

In 1260 Michael began the assault on Constantinople itself, which his predecessors had been unable to do. He allied with Genoa, and his general Alexios Strategopoulos spent months observing Constantinople in order to plan his attack. In July of 1261, as most of the Latin army was fighting elsewhere, Alexius was able to convince the guards to open the gates of the city. Once inside he burned the Venetian quarter (as Venice was an enemy of Genoa, and had been largely responsible for the capture of the city in 1204). Michael was recogniz ...

See also:

Empire of Nicaea, Empire of Nicaea - Foundation, Empire of Nicaea - Expansion, Empire of Nicaea - Recapture of Constantinople, Empire of Nicaea - Emperors of Nicaea

Read more here: » Empire of Nicaea: Encyclopedia II - Empire of Nicaea - Recapture of Constantinople

Main Article: Names of the Greeks. Throughout the centuries, the Greeks have been known by a number of names, including: Hellenes (Έλληνες) - In mythology, Hellen, son of Deucalion and Pyrrha, received from the nymph Orseis three sons, Aeolus, Dorus and Xuthus, each of which founded a primary tribe of Hellas; Aeolians, Dorians, Achaeans and Ionians. Originally, only a small tribe in Thessaly were called Hellenes, but the word soon extended to the rest of the peninsula and came to represent all ...

See also:

Greeks, Greeks - Identity of the Greek people, Greeks - Classical and Roman, Greeks - Byzantine and Ottoman, Greeks - Modern independence, Greeks - Names used for the Greek people, Greeks - History of the Greeks, Greeks - Greeks around the world, Greeks - Timeline of Greek migrations, Greeks - Footnotes, Greeks - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Greeks: Encyclopedia II - Greeks - Names used for the Greek people

1In Greek: homoglosson (ὁμόγλωσσον) + 2In Greek: homaimon (ὅμαιμον) 3Compare the Christian Greek and Demotic term omothriskon (ὁμόθρησκον). 4Includes non-Greeks born in Greece; excludes Greeks not born in Greece; exclude ...

See also:

Greeks, Greeks - Identity of the Greek people, Greeks - Classical and Roman, Greeks - Byzantine and Ottoman, Greeks - Modern independence, Greeks - Names used for the Greek people, Greeks - History of the Greeks, Greeks - Greeks around the world, Greeks - Timeline of Greek migrations, Greeks - Footnotes, Greeks - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Greeks: Encyclopedia II - Greeks - Footnotes

Outside Greece and Cyprus, large Greek communities can be found in a number of countries: United States: 1,153,295 (self-reported heritage); 365,435 speak Greek at home. (2000 Census). See Greek-Americans. Germany: 363,000 (1995, based on citizenship) Canada: 203,354 born in Greece4 (1996 Census); total approx. 320,000 Canadians of Greek heritage (2003 community estimates). See Greek-Canadians Australia: 260,000 speak Greek at home (1996 Census); 336,782 self-reported Greek origin (1986 Cens ...

See also:

Greeks, Greeks - Identity of the Greek people, Greeks - Classical and Roman, Greeks - Byzantine and Ottoman, Greeks - Modern independence, Greeks - Names used for the Greek people, Greeks - History of the Greeks, Greeks - Greeks around the world, Greeks - Timeline of Greek migrations, Greeks - Footnotes, Greeks - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Greeks: Encyclopedia II - Greeks - Greeks around the world

The history of the Greek people is closely associated with the history of Greece itself. While Greeks have migrated away from Greece for many centuries, historically these colonists or emigrants remained close to their homeland. During the Ottoman rule of Greece, a number of Greek enclaves around the Mediterranean were cut off from the core, notably in Southern Italy, the Caucasus, Syria,and Egypt. During the 20th century, a huge wave of migration to the United States, Australia, Canada,and elsewhere created a Greek diaspora which, in many ways, has developed a cultural identity sep ...

See also:

Greeks, Greeks - Identity of the Greek people, Greeks - Classical and Roman, Greeks - Byzantine and Ottoman, Greeks - Modern independence, Greeks - Names used for the Greek people, Greeks - History of the Greeks, Greeks - Greeks around the world, Greeks - Timeline of Greek migrations, Greeks - Footnotes, Greeks - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Greeks: Encyclopedia II - Greeks - History of the Greeks

After Michael VIII restored the empire in Constantinople in 1261 he frequently harassed Epirus, and forced Michael's son Nicephorus to marry his niece Anna Cantacuzena in 1265. Michael considered Epirus a vassal state, although Michael II and Nicephorus continued to ally with the Princes of Achaea and the Dukes of Athens. In 1267 Corcyra and much of Epirus were captured by Charles of Anjou, and in 1271 Michael II died, although Michael VIII did not attempt to annex Epirus directly. He allowed Nicephorus to succeed him and deal with Charles, ...

See also:

Despotate of Epirus, Despotate of Epirus - Foundation, Despotate of Epirus - Conflict with Nicaea and Bulgaria, Despotate of Epirus - Nicaean and Byzantine suzerainty, Despotate of Epirus - Italian invasions, Despotate of Epirus - Collapse of the despotate, Despotate of Epirus - Despots of Epirus, Despotate of Epirus - Ducas dynasty, Despotate of Epirus - Orsini dynasty, Despotate of Epirus - Nemanjić dynasty, Despotate of Epirus - External link

Read more here: » Despotate of Epirus: Encyclopedia II - Despotate of Epirus - Italian invasions

Epirus never regained its power after this defeat. Michael II lost Thessalonica to Nicaea in 1246 and then allied with the Latins against them. In 1248 John Vatatzes forced Michael to recognize him as emperor, and officially recognized him in turn as despot of Epirus. Vatatzes' granddaughter Maria married Michael's son Nicephorus. Also in 1248 Michael's daughter Anna married William II, Prince of Achaea, and Michael decided to honour this alliance over his obligations to Vatatzes. He was defeated in the ensuing conflict, and ...

See also:

Despotate of Epirus, Despotate of Epirus - Foundation, Despotate of Epirus - Conflict with Nicaea and Bulgaria, Despotate of Epirus - Nicaean and Byzantine suzerainty, Despotate of Epirus - Italian invasions, Despotate of Epirus - Collapse of the despotate, Despotate of Epirus - Despots of Epirus, Despotate of Epirus - Ducas dynasty, Despotate of Epirus - Orsini dynasty, Despotate of Epirus - Nemanjić dynasty, Despotate of Epirus - External link

Read more here: » Despotate of Epirus: Encyclopedia II - Despotate of Epirus - Nicaean and Byzantine suzerainty

Main article: Peripheries of Greece Greece consists of 13 administrative regions known as peripheries, which subdivide further into the 51 prefectures (nomoi, singular - nomos): Attica: Attica Central Greece: Boeotia Euboea Evrytania Phocis Phthiotis Central Macedonia Chalcidice Imathia Kilkis Pella Pieria Serres Thessaloni ...

See also:

Greece, Greece - Name, Greece - History, Greece - Prehistory and antiquity, Greece - Roman rule and Middle Ages, Greece - Ottoman rule, Greece - Creation of the modern Greek state, Greece - Politics, Greece - Local government, Greece - Geography, Greece - Economy, Greece - Tourism, Greece - Demographics, Greece - Religion, Greece - Culture, Greece - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Greece: Encyclopedia II - Greece - Local government

Main article: Politics of Greece The 1975 constitution includes extensive specific guarantees of civil liberties. The President of the Republic, elected by an increased majority of the Parliament for a term of five years, is nominally the Head of State. However, it is the prime minister and cabinet that play the central role in the political process, while the president performs very limited governmental functions ...

See also:

Greece, Greece - Name, Greece - History, Greece - Prehistory and antiquity, Greece - Roman rule and Middle Ages, Greece - Ottoman rule, Greece - Creation of the modern Greek state, Greece - Politics, Greece - Local government, Greece - Geography, Greece - Economy, Greece - Tourism, Greece - Demographics, Greece - Religion, Greece - Culture, Greece - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Greece: Encyclopedia II - Greece - Politics

Main article: Names of the Greeks The historical name of Greece in Greek is Ἑλλάς Ellás /ɛˈlas/. This name is also written Hellas in English, following the ancient Greek pronunciation /hɛˈl:as/. In modern Greek it is called more commonly Ελλάδα Elládha See also:

Greece, Greece - Name, Greece - History, Greece - Prehistory and antiquity, Greece - Roman rule and Middle Ages, Greece - Ottoman rule, Greece - Creation of the modern Greek state, Greece - Politics, Greece - Local government, Greece - Geography, Greece - Economy, Greece - Tourism, Greece - Demographics, Greece - Religion, Greece - Culture, Greece - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Greece: Encyclopedia II - Greece - Name

Main article: Economy of Greece Greece has a mixed capitalist economy with the public sector accounting for about half of GDP. Tourism has great importance, providing a large portion of GDP and foreign exchange earnings. Greece also counts as a world leader in shipping (first in terms of ownership of vessels and third by flag registration) [2]. Greece figures prominently as a major beneficiary of EU aid, equal to about 2.4% of its GNP. The export of manufactured goods, including telecommunications hardware and software, foodstuffs, and fuels accounts for a large ...

See also:

Greece, Greece - Name, Greece - History, Greece - Prehistory and antiquity, Greece - Roman rule and Middle Ages, Greece - Ottoman rule, Greece - Creation of the modern Greek state, Greece - Politics, Greece - Local government, Greece - Geography, Greece - Economy, Greece - Tourism, Greece - Demographics, Greece - Religion, Greece - Culture, Greece - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Greece: Encyclopedia II - Greece - Economy

Main article: Tourism in Greece In the year of 2004, Greece ranked 12th in terms of international tourist arrivals world wide with a figure of 14.180 Million visitors, some of which came for the 2004 Olympic Games. Since the promotion of Greece from the Olympic Games, the Government expects significant growth in the years to come. In 2003, tourists spent an estimated 11 billion Euros, contributing 8% to Greece's GDP. Tourism in Greece has multiplied 50 times in the past 40 years and is expected to onl ...

See also:

Greece, Greece - Name, Greece - History, Greece - Prehistory and antiquity, Greece - Roman rule and Middle Ages, Greece - Ottoman rule, Greece - Creation of the modern Greek state, Greece - Politics, Greece - Local government, Greece - Geography, Greece - Economy, Greece - Tourism, Greece - Demographics, Greece - Religion, Greece - Culture, Greece - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Greece: Encyclopedia II - Greece - Tourism

In 192 war broke out between Rome and the Seleucid ruler Antiochus III. Some Greek cities now saw Antiochus as their saviour from Roman rule, but Macedon threw its lot in with Rome, and Antiochus was defeated at Thermopylae in 191. During the course of this war Roman troops crossed into Asia for the first time, where they defeated Antiochus again at Magnesia on the Sipylum (190). Greece now lay across Rome's line of communications with the east, and Roman troops became a permanent presence. The Peace of Apamaea (1 ...

See also:

Hellenistic Greece, Hellenistic Greece - Macedonian dominance, Hellenistic Greece - Philip V, Hellenistic Greece - The rise of Rome, Hellenistic Greece - The end of Greek independence

Read more here: » Hellenistic Greece: Encyclopedia II - Hellenistic Greece - The rise of Rome

Main article: Demographics of Greece Greece has various linguistic and cultural minorities. A non-comprehensive list of these would include ethnic Macedonian Slavs, Pomaks, and various Roma groups. A number of religious minorities exist, including the Muslim minority in western Thrace, which makes up about a third of that region's population. An estimated 1.15 million immigrants live in Greece today according to statistical data on immigrants in Greece [5], of which 60-65% have come from Albania (following the fall of co ...

See also:

Greece, Greece - Name, Greece - History, Greece - Prehistory and antiquity, Greece - Roman rule and Middle Ages, Greece - Ottoman rule, Greece - Creation of the modern Greek state, Greece - Politics, Greece - Local government, Greece - Geography, Greece - Economy, Greece - Tourism, Greece - Demographics, Greece - Religion, Greece - Culture, Greece - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Greece: Encyclopedia II - Greece - Demographics

Much of Greek learning was assimilated by the nascent Roman state as it expanded outward from Italy, taking advantage of its enemies' inability to unite: the only real challenge to Roman ascent came from the Phoenician colony of Carthage, but its defeat in the end of the 3rd century BC marked the start of Roman hegemony. First governed by kings, then as a senatorial republic (the Roman Republic), Rome finally became an empire at the end of the 1st century BC, under Augustus and his authoritarian successors. The Roman Empire had its centre in ...

See also:

History of Europe, History of Europe - The origins, History of Europe - The Greeks, History of Europe - Rome, History of Europe - Early Middle Ages, History of Europe - High Middle Ages, History of Europe - Later Middle Ages, History of Europe - Renaissance and Reformation, History of Europe - Colonial expansion, History of Europe - Early Modern period: 16th 17th and 18th century, History of Europe - The English Civil War and Unification with Scotland, History of Europe - English Commonwealth, History of Europe - Act of Union, History of Europe - The French Revolution, History of Europe - Napoleonic Wars, History of Europe - Congress of Vienna, History of Europe - The 19th century, History of Europe - Early 20th century: the World Wars, History of Europe - Late 20th century: the Cold War, History of Europe - Early 21st century: the European Union, History of Europe - Histories of present-day territories, History of Europe - Sources, History of Europe - Recommended reading

Read more here: » History of Europe: Encyclopedia II - History of Europe - Rome

Main article: Culture of Greece Greece has produced a vast number of contributors to philosophy, astronomy, science, and the arts. For a list of famous Greek men and women, see List of Greeks. ...

See also:

Greece, Greece - Name, Greece - History, Greece - Prehistory and antiquity, Greece - Roman rule and Middle Ages, Greece - Ottoman rule, Greece - Creation of the modern Greek state, Greece - Politics, Greece - Local government, Greece - Geography, Greece - Economy, Greece - Tourism, Greece - Demographics, Greece - Religion, Greece - Culture, Greece - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Greece: Encyclopedia II - Greece - Culture