History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union

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History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union
A Wisdom Archive on History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union

History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union A selection of articles related to History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union

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History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union

ARTICLES RELATED TO History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union

History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union - Germans in central Russia and Ukraine

The earliest German settlement in Russia dates back to the reign of Vasili III in the 16th century. A handful of German and Dutch craftsmen and traders were allowed to establish themselves in Moscow's German Quarter (Немецкая слобода, or Nemetskaya sloboda), providing essential technical skills in the capital. Gradually, this policy extended to a few other major cities. Peter the Great was greatly influenced by the international community located in the German Quarter, and his efforts to transform Russia i ...

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History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union, History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union - Germans in central Russia and Ukraine, History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union - Decline of the Russian Germans, History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union - Germans in the Baltics

Read more here: » History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union - Germans in central Russia and Ukraine

History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - German exodus from Eastern Europe - Nazi-Soviet population transfers

Main article: Nazi-Soviet population transfers. Following the Nazi-Soviet pact, Soviet leader Josef Stalin permitted the departure of Germans from territories occupied by Soviet Union, notably Bessarabia and the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, which traditionally had a large German minority. The Volksdeutsche (ethnic Germans) were then resettled in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany, but also in Zamosc County as decided by Generalplan Ost. In ...

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German exodus from Eastern Europe, German exodus from Eastern Europe - Nazi-Soviet population transfers, German exodus from Eastern Europe - Evacuation, German exodus from Eastern Europe - Expulsion, German exodus from Eastern Europe - Emigration of Germans from Eastern Europe

Read more here: » German exodus from Eastern Europe: Encyclopedia II - German exodus from Eastern Europe - Nazi-Soviet population transfers

History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - Baltic German - History

Baltic German - Middle Ages. Ethnic proto-Germans began to settle in the Baltic region in the 12th century when traders and missionaries began to visit the coastal lands inhabited by tribes who spoke Finnic and Baltic languages. Systematic settlement as the dominating class by the first "Baltic Germans" dates from 1199, when Albert von Buxhoeveden from Bremen became the first Bishop of Livonia. Two years later he founded Riga and the crusading Order of the Sword Brothers (Livonian Order) to protect the mission ag ...

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Baltic German, Baltic German - Territories, Baltic German - History, Baltic German - Middle Ages, Baltic German - Reformation, Baltic German - Russian control, Baltic German - Post WWI, Baltic German - Notable Baltic Germans, Baltic German - External link

Read more here: » Baltic German: Encyclopedia II - Baltic German - History

History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - Baltic German - Territories

In Baltic German settlement patterns, the Baltic area consisted of the following territories: Estland (Latin: Estonia), roughly the northern half of present-day Estonia; major towns: Reval (Tallinn), Narwa (Narva). Livland (Latin: Livonia), roughly the southern half of present-day Estonia and the northern half of today's Latvia; major towns: Riga, Dorpat (Tartu). Kurland (Latin: Couronia, also English: Courland), roughly the southern half of present-day Latvia; major to ...

See also:

Baltic German, Baltic German - Territories, Baltic German - History, Baltic German - Middle Ages, Baltic German - Reformation, Baltic German - Russian control, Baltic German - Post WWI, Baltic German - Notable Baltic Germans, Baltic German - External link

Read more here: » Baltic German: Encyclopedia II - Baltic German - Territories

History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - German exodus from Eastern Europe - Emigration of Germans from Eastern Europe

Main article: Emigration of Germans from Eastern Europe. Between 1950 and 1990, 1.4 million people emigrated from Poland to Germany claiming German ancestry (770 000 of them in the 1980s). With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, large numbers of Russian Germans (Volgadeutsch) took advantage of Germany's liberal law of return to leave the harsh conditions of the Soviet successor states. By 1999 about 1.7 million former Soviet citizens of German ori ...

See also:

German exodus from Eastern Europe, German exodus from Eastern Europe - Nazi-Soviet population transfers, German exodus from Eastern Europe - Evacuation, German exodus from Eastern Europe - Expulsion, German exodus from Eastern Europe - Emigration of Germans from Eastern Europe

Read more here: » German exodus from Eastern Europe: Encyclopedia II - German exodus from Eastern Europe - Emigration of Germans from Eastern Europe

History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - German exodus from Eastern Europe - Expulsion

Main article: Expulsion of Germans after World War II. The remaining ethnic German residents, some of whom had become German citizens during the world war, were expelled or fled from present-day Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Kaliningrad Oblast, and other East European countries. Up to 16.5 million Germans of the post-war population were forced to leave. Some fled in fear of the Red Army, and others were persecuted because of their activities during the war or for other reasons. They were sent to makeshift camps or cities ...

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German exodus from Eastern Europe, German exodus from Eastern Europe - Nazi-Soviet population transfers, German exodus from Eastern Europe - Evacuation, German exodus from Eastern Europe - Expulsion, German exodus from Eastern Europe - Emigration of Germans from Eastern Europe

Read more here: » German exodus from Eastern Europe: Encyclopedia II - German exodus from Eastern Europe - Expulsion

History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - German exodus from Eastern Europe - Evacuation

Main article: World War II evacuation and expulsion. Late towards the end of the war German authorities ordered the evacuation of areas close to the advancing front. Not only people who had been citizens of Nazi Germany (Reichsdeutsche) but also ethnic Germans (Volksdeutsche) were successfully evacuated (around 5 million people) before the rest were overrun by the Red Army. ...

See also:

German exodus from Eastern Europe, German exodus from Eastern Europe - Nazi-Soviet population transfers, German exodus from Eastern Europe - Evacuation, German exodus from Eastern Europe - Expulsion, German exodus from Eastern Europe - Emigration of Germans from Eastern Europe

Read more here: » German exodus from Eastern Europe: Encyclopedia II - German exodus from Eastern Europe - Evacuation

History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - Prussia - The end of Prussia

The Prussian junkers and generals dominated the conduct of World War I, so when it ended in defeat in 1918 they had to accept responsibility. The Prussian monarchy was overthrown along with all other German monarchies, and Germany became a republic. The Great Poland Uprising, and the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, recreated the Polish state and forced Germany to return territories annexed by Prussia during the Partitions of Poland, as well as parts of Upper Silesia inhabited by Poles. East Prussia found itself again cut off fr ...

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Prussia, Prussia - Geography, Prussia - Early history, Prussia - Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia - Imperial Prussia, Prussia - The end of Prussia

Read more here: » Prussia: Encyclopedia II - Prussia - The end of Prussia

History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - Prussia - Kingdom of Prussia

In 1701 Brandenburg-Prussia became the Kingdom of Prussia under Frederick I, with the permission of the Holy Roman Emperor and Polish King. Under Frederick II (Frederick the Great), Prussia seized the province of Silesia from Austria, and defended it through the Seven Years War which ended in 1763 with Prussia as the dominant state of eastern Germany. Prussia also acquired various territories in other parts of Germany through marriage or inherit ...

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Prussia, Prussia - Geography, Prussia - Early history, Prussia - Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia - Imperial Prussia, Prussia - The end of Prussia

Read more here: » Prussia: Encyclopedia II - Prussia - Kingdom of Prussia

History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - Prussia - Imperial Prussia

In 1862 Prussian King William I appointed Otto von Bismarck as Prime Minister of Prussia. Bismarck was determined to defeat both the liberals and the conservatives, by creating a strong united Germany but under the domination of the Prussian ruling class and bureaucracy, not the western German liberals. He achieved this by provoking three successive wars, with Denmark in 1864 (second war of Schleswig), which gave Prussia Schleswig-Holstein, with Austria in 1866 (Austro-Prussian War), which allowed Prussia to annex Hanover and most other nort ...

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Prussia, Prussia - Geography, Prussia - Early history, Prussia - Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia - Imperial Prussia, Prussia - The end of Prussia

Read more here: » Prussia: Encyclopedia II - Prussia - Imperial Prussia

History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - Prussia - Early history

In 1226 Conrad of Mazovia invited a German order of crusading knights, the Order of the Teutonic Knights from Transylvania to conquer the Prussian tribes on his borders. However, after struggling against more than a century of resistance from the Prussians they created a semi-independent state, which came to control most of what are now Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, as well as parts of northern Poland. Eventually defeated, the Knights had to acknowledge the sovereignty of the King of Poland and Lithuania from 1466. In 1525 the Master of the Order became a Protestant, and converted part of the Order's territories into the Duch ...

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Prussia, Prussia - Geography, Prussia - Early history, Prussia - Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia - Imperial Prussia, Prussia - The end of Prussia

Read more here: » Prussia: Encyclopedia II - Prussia - Early history

History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - Prussia - Geography

Prussia began its existence as a small territory in what is now northern Poland and the Kaliningrad exclave of Russia. The region was sparsely populated by Prussians. The area later became subject to German colonization. By the time of its abolition it stretched across the North German Plain from the French, Belgian and Dutch borders on the west to the Lithuanian border and to territories which are now in eastern Poland. At its greatest extent before 1918 it included much of western Poland as well. For a period between 1795 and 1807 Prussia also controlled most ...

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Prussia, Prussia - Geography, Prussia - Early history, Prussia - Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia - Imperial Prussia, Prussia - The end of Prussia

Read more here: » Prussia: Encyclopedia II - Prussia - Geography

History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - Prussia - Early History

In 1226 Conrad of Mazovia invited a German order of crusading knights, the Order of the Teutonic Knights from Transylvania to conquer the Prussian tribes on his borders. However, after struggling against more than a century of resistance from the Prussians they created a semi-independent state, which came to control most of what are now Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, as well as parts of northern Poland. Eventually defeated, the Knights had to acknowledge the sovereignty of the King of Poland and Lithuania from 1466. In 1525 the Master of the Order became a Protestant, and converted part of the Order's territories into the Duch ...

See also:

Prussia, Prussia - Geography, Prussia - Early History, Prussia - Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia - Imperial Prussia, Prussia - The end of Prussia

Read more here: » Prussia: Encyclopedia II - Prussia - Early History

History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union - Germans in the Baltics

See also Baltic German The German presence on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea dates back to the Middle Ages when traders and missionaries started arriving from central Europe. The German-speaking Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquered most of what is now Estonia and Latvia (the former Livonia) in the early 13th century. In 1237, the Brothers of the Sword were incorporated into the Teutonic Knights. Over the course of the next several centuries, the Teutonic Order solidified into a regime of mostly German-speaking ...

See also:

History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union, History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union - Germans in central Russia and Ukraine, History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union - Decline of the Russian Germans, History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union - Germans in the Baltics

Read more here: » History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union - Germans in the Baltics

History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union - Decline of the Russian Germans

The decline of the Russian German community started with the reforms of Alexander III. In 1871, he repealed the open door immigration policy of his ancestors, effectively ending any new German immigration into the Empire. Although the German colonies continued to expand, they were driven by natural growth and by the immigration of Germans from Poland. The Russian nationalism that took root under Alexander III served as a justification for eliminating in 1871 the bulk of the tax privileges enjoyed by Russian Germans, and after 1874 the ...

See also:

History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union, History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union - Germans in central Russia and Ukraine, History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union - Decline of the Russian Germans, History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union - Germans in the Baltics

Read more here: » History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union - Decline of the Russian Germans

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