Though these three kingdoms were reunited temporarily in 280 by the (Western) Jin Dynasty (晉朝), the contemporary non-Han Chinese (Wu Hu, 五胡) ethnic groups controlled much of the country in the early 4th century and provoked large-scale Han Chinese migrations to south of the Chang Jiang (長江). In 303 the Di (氐) people rebelled and later captured Chengdu (成都). Under Liu Yuan (劉淵) the Xiongnu rebelled near today's Linfen County (山西省臨汾縣). His successor Liu Cong (劉聰) captured and executed the last two Western ...

See also:

History of China, History of China - Prehistoric times, History of China - Ancient histories, History of China - Xia Dynasty, History of China - Shang Dynasty, History of China - Zhou Dynasty, History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire, History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity, History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification, History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity, History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin, History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty, History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture, History of China - Qing Dynasty, History of China - The Republic of China, History of China - The Present

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia II - History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties

See also:

History of China, History of China - Prehistoric times, History of China - Ancient histories, History of China - Xia Dynasty, History of China - Shang Dynasty, History of China - Zhou Dynasty, History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire, History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity, History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification, History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity, History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin, History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty, History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture, History of China - Qing Dynasty, History of China - The Republic of China, History of China - Post modern independence

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia II - History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties

Though these three kingdoms were reunited temporarily in 280 by the (Western) Jin Dynasty (晉朝), the contemporary non-Han Chinese (Wu Hu, 五胡) ethnic groups controlled much of the country in the early 4th century and provoked large-scale Han Chinese migrations to south of the Chang Jiang (長江). In 303 the Di (氐) people rebelled and later captured Chengdu (成都). Under Liu Yuan (劉淵) the Xiongnu rebelled near today's Linfen County (山西省臨汾縣). His successor Liu Cong (劉聰) captured and executed the last two Western ...

See also:

History of China, History of China - Prehistoric times, History of China - Ancient histories, History of China - Xia Dynasty, History of China - Shang Dynasty, History of China - Zhou Dynasty, History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire, History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity, History of China - Jin, the Sixteen Kingdoms, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification, History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity, History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors, the Liao and the Jin, History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty, History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture, History of China - Qing Dynasty, History of China - The Republic of China, History of China - Post modern independence

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia II - History of China - Jin, the Sixteen Kingdoms, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties

China is one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with written records dating back 3,500 years. Turtle shells with markings reminiscent of ancient Chinese writing from the Shang Dynasty (商朝) have been carbon dated to around 1,500 BC. These records suggest that the origins of Chinese civilization started with city-states that may go back more than 5,000 years. Two thousand years ago is c ...

Including:

History of China - Prehistoric times History of China - Ancient histories
History of China - Xia Dynasty History of China - Shang Dynasty History of China - Zhou Dynasty
History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture History of China - Qing Dynasty History of China - The Republic of China History of China - Post modern independence

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia - History of China

In 907, Yelü Abaoji became head of the Khitan tribes. In 916, he created the Khitan state, naming himself Khan. In 918 he built the imperial capital, Huangdu (located at Bolo, in modern Bairin Left Banner, Inner Mongolia, China). In 920 he promulgated the Khitan large script, used to write the Khitan language. In 922 he made Yelü Deguang commander of the Khitan military. In 926, Yelü Abaoji fell ill on the way back from a military expedition, and Empress Shulü became regent. In ...

See also:

Liao Dynasty, Liao Dynasty - History, Liao Dynasty - Extent, Liao Dynasty - Liao Dynasty 907-1125

Read more here: » Liao Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Liao Dynasty - History

The Jin Dynasty (晉 pinyin: jìn, 265-420) followed the Three Kingdoms and preceded the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. The dynasty was founded by the Sima family (司馬 pinyin: Sīmǎ), the descendants of the great historian Sima Qian. The first of the two periods, the Western Jin Dynasty (ch: 西晉, 265-316), was founded by Emperor Wu. Although providing a brief period of unity after conquering the Kingdom of Wu in AD 280, the Jin could not contain the invasion and uprising of nomadic peoples after the dev ...

Including:

Jin Dynasty 265-420 - Figure Jin Dynasty 265-420 - Sovereigns of Jin Dynasty Jin Dynasty 265-420 - Major events

Read more here: » Jin Dynasty 265-420: Encyclopedia - Jin Dynasty 265-420

The Yuan Dynasty (Mongolian: Dai Ön Yeke Mongghul Ulus; Chinese: 元朝 or 大元帝國) lasting officially from 1271 to 1368, also called the Mongol Dynasty, was the name given to the significant ruling family of Borjigin in Asia. It invaded and ruled, during its hundred year life, over the Mongol Empire (stretching from Eastern Europe to the Middle-east to Russia), Korea and China. In the historiography of China, it followed the Song Dynasty and preceded the Ming Dynasty in China. Yuan Dynasty - Birth of the Yu ...

Including:

Yuan Dynasty - Birth of the Yuan
Yuan Dynasty - Founding an Empire Yuan Dynasty - Aspirations to China Yuan Dynasty - Northern Conquest
Yuan Dynasty - Golden Age of the Yuan
Yuan Dynasty - Establishment of the Yuan Yuan Dynasty - Early Rule Yuan Dynasty - Impact
Yuan Dynasty - Downfall of the Yuan
Yuan Dynasty - Civil Unrest Yuan Dynasty - Loss of China Yuan Dynasty - Northern Yuan

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China listen ▶ (help·info) (Traditional: 中國; Simplified: 中国; Hanyu Pinyin: Zhōngguó; Wade-Giles: Chung-kuo) refers to a number of states and cultures that have existed and are viewed as having succeeded one another in continental East Asia, dating back nearly 5,000 years. Modern China has been described as both a single civilization and multiple civilizations, as a single state or multiple states, ...

Including:

China - Terminology
China - Zhongguo China - China
China - History China - Chinese Pre-history China - Political history China - Territory
China - Historical overview China - Historical political divisions China - Geography and climate
China - Society
China - Demographics China - Culture China - Religion China - Arts scholarship and literature China - Science and technology
China - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » China: Encyclopedia - China

The Joseon Dynasty (also Chosŏn, Hangul: 조선왕조, Hanja: 朝鮮王朝) was the final ruling dynasty of Korea, lasting from 1392 until 1910. It was founded by the Jeonju Yi family, and was preceded by the Goryeo dynasty. It was officially founded by Yi Seonggye (later known as Taejo of Joseon), a general who originally distinguished himself by repelling Japanese pirates who were marauding the peninsula for mainland technology. Later, General Yi would lead the overthrow or coup d'etat of the last king o ...

Including:

Joseon Dynasty - History
Joseon Dynasty - Overview
Joseon Dynasty - Science and culture Joseon Dynasty - Early Japanese invasions Joseon Dynasty - Subsequent history Joseon Dynasty - Decline and collapse Joseon Dynasty - Japanese occupation Joseon Dynasty - The family today Joseon Dynasty - The Imperial Family Joseon Dynasty - About titles Joseon Dynasty - About references

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A dynasty is a succession of rulers who are members of the same family for generations. The term is also used to refer to the period during which that family reigns. A ruler in a dynasty is sometimes referred to as a dynast. A series of dynasties dating back to the Xia (2033 BC) ruled China until the end of the Xinhai Revolution in 1912. Historians traditionally recount China's story within a framework of successive dynasties (See Dynasties in Chinese history). A similar pattern happened in Ancient Egypt and the Persian ...

Including:

Dynasty - Political families in democracies

Read more here: » Dynasty: Encyclopedia - Dynasty

Song Qi Liang Chen Northern Wei Eastern Wei Western Wei Northern Qi Northern Zhou Chen Dynasty 陳朝 (557-589) was the fourth and the last of the Southern dynasties in China, eliminated by the Sui Dynasty. This dynasty had very little chance of survival. The devastation of the last years of the Liang Dynasty severely crippled the Chen Dynasty. The last of the Emperors, Hou Zhou, has been described as 'drunk, dissolute, neglectful of the Great Spirits ...

Including:

Chen Dynasty - Sovereigns of Chen Dynasty 557-589

Read more here: » Chen Dynasty: Encyclopedia - Chen Dynasty

Shang Dynasty (Chinese: 商朝) or Yin Dynasty (殷代) (1600 BC - 1046 BC) is the first historic Chinese dynasty and ruled in the northeastern region of China proper. The Shang dynasty followed the quasi-legendary Xia Dynasty and preceded the Zhou Dynasty. Information about the Shang Dynasty comes from bronze artifacts and oracle bones--turtle shells or cattle scapula on which were written the first recorded Chinese characters, which were found in the Huang He valley. These bones typically had three sections: a question for th ...

Including:

Shang Dynasty - Sovereigns of the Shang Dynasty

Read more here: » Shang Dynasty: Encyclopedia - Shang Dynasty

Tianzan (天贊 Tiānzàn) 922-926 Tianxian (天顯 Tiānxiǎn) 926 Huitong (會同 Huìtóng) 938-947 Datong (大同 Dàtóng) 947 Qianheng (乾亨 Qiánhēng) 979-982 Tonghe (統和 Tǒnghé) 983-1012 Kaitai (開泰 Kāitài) 1012-1021 Taiping (太平 Tàipíng) 1021-1031 Chongxi (重熙 Chóngxī) 1032-1054 Xianyong (咸雍 Xiányōng) 1065-1074 Taikang (太康 Tàikāng) or Dakang (大康 Dàkāng) 1075-1084 Da'an (大安 Dà'ān) 1085-1094 Shouchang (壽昌 Shòuc ...

See also:

Liao Dynasty, Liao Dynasty - History, Liao Dynasty - Extent, Liao Dynasty - Liao Dynasty 907-1125

Read more here: » Liao Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Liao Dynasty - Liao Dynasty 907-1125

The name Jurchen dates back to at least the beginning of the tenth century. It comes from the Jurchen word jusen, the original meaning of which is unclear. The Jurchen tribes of northern Manchuria were originally vassals of the Khitans (see also Liao Dynasty). They rose to power after an outstanding leader unified them in 1115, declared himself emperor, and quickly seized the Supreme Capital of Liao. The Jurchens overran most of North China and captured the Song capital of Kaifeng in 1126. Their armies pushed all the way south to the Yangtze but the boundary with the Southern Song was eventually ...

See also:

Jurchens, Jurchens - Jin Dynasty, Jurchens - Culture language and society, Jurchens - Jurchens during the Ming

Read more here: » Jurchens: Encyclopedia II - Jurchens - Jin Dynasty

The name Jurchen dates back to at least the beginning of the tenth century. However, cognate ethnonyms like Sushen have been recorded in pre-Christian Era geographical works like the Shanhai Jing and History of the Wei Dynasty. It comes from the Jurchen word jusen, the original meaning of which is unclear — possibly a cognate of Choson, which successively designated several states or cultures on the Korean Peninsula. The 11th century Jurchen tribes of northern Manchuria descended from the Tungusic Mohe, or Malgal tribes who w ...

See also:

Jurchens, Jurchens - Jin Dynasty, Jurchens - Culture language and society, Jurchens - Jurchens during the Ming

Read more here: » Jurchens: Encyclopedia II - Jurchens - Jin Dynasty

Tianzan (天贊 Tiānzàn) 922-926 Tianxian (天顯 Tiānxiǎn) 926 Huitong (會同 Huìtóng) 938-947 Datong (大同 Dàtóng) 947 Qianheng (乾亨 Qiánhēng) 979-982 Tonghe (統和 Tǒnghé) 983-1012 Kaitai (開泰 Kāitài) 1012-1021 Taiping (太平 Tàipíng) 1021-1031 Chongxi (重熙 Chóngxī) 1032-1055 Xianyong (咸雍 Xiányōng) 1065-1074 Taikang (太康 Tàikāng) or Dakang (大康 Dàkāng) 1075-1084 Da'an (大安 Dà'ān) 1085-1094 Shouchang (壽昌 Shòuchāng) or Shoulong (壽隆 Shòulóng) 1095-1101 Tianqing (天慶 Ti ...

See also:

Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire

Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty

The "barbarians" (夷, 戎, 狄) of the northern frontier, commonly called hu (胡), include the nomadic Xiongnu, Turks, Khitan, Mongols. Others include the Xianbei, Jurchen and Manchu, who combined nomadism with agriculture. All of these non-Chinese peoples were formidable because their male populations of military age were all warriors bred to the saddle and trained in the mounted archer mode of fighting that dominated Central Asia. Up until the modern age, the ...

See also:

Military history of China, Military history of China - Warfare in ancient China, Military history of China - Legalism and Confucianism, Military history of China - The northern frontier, Military history of China - Weapons and military technology, Military history of China - Military institutions in Imperial China, Military history of China - Qin and Han dynasties, Military history of China - Era of division, Military history of China - Sui and Tang dynasties, Military history of China - Song Dynasty, Military history of China - Yuan Dynasty, Military history of China - Ming Dynasty, Military history of China - Qing Dynasty, Military history of China - Modern China

Read more here: » Military history of China: Encyclopedia II - Military history of China - The northern frontier

The concepts of northern and southern China originate from differences in climate, geography, culture, and physical traits; as well as several periods of actual political division in history. Northern China is too cold and dry for rice cultivation (though it does happen today with modern technology) and consists largely of flat plains, grasslands, and desert; while Southern China is warm and rainy enough for rice and consists of lush mountains cut by river valleys. In addition, Northern Chinese trace some of their ancestry to Altaic peoples ...

See also:

Northern and southern China, Northern and southern China - Extent, Northern and southern China - History, Northern and southern China - Today, Northern and southern China - Stereotypes

Read more here: » Northern and southern China: Encyclopedia II - Northern and southern China - History

While a real artist, Huizong neglected the army, and Song China became increasingly weak and at the mercy of foreign enemies. When the Jurchen of Manchuria founded the Jin Dynasty and attacked the Liao kingdom to the north of the Song empire, the Song court allied with the Jin and attacked the Liao from the south. This succeeded in destroying the Liao kingdom, a long time enemy of the Song. However, an enemy even more formidable, the Jin, was now on the northern border. Not content with the annexation of the Liao kingdom, and measuring right ...

See also:

Emperor Huizong Song Dynasty, Emperor Huizong Song Dynasty - Biography, Emperor Huizong Song Dynasty - Art, Emperor Huizong Song Dynasty - Era names

Read more here: » Emperor Huizong Song Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Huizong Song Dynasty - Biography

Convention: "Song" + temple name or posthumous name except last emperor who was revered as Song Di Bing (宋帝昺 Sòng Dì Bǐng). Song Dynasty - Bei Northern Song dynasty 960- 1127. Jianlong (建隆 Jiànlóng) 960-963 Qiande (乾德 Qiándé) 963-968 Kaibao (開寶 Kāibǎo) 968-976 Taipingxingguo (太平興國 Tàipíngxīngguó) 976-984 Yongxi (雍熙 Yōngxī) 984-987 Duangong (端拱 Duāngǒng) 988-989 Chunhua (淳化 Ch ...

See also:

Song Dynasty, Song Dynasty - Arts culture and economy, Song Dynasty - Fall of the Southern Song, Song Dynasty - Song dynasty emperors, Song Dynasty - Bei Northern Song dynasty 960- 1127, Song Dynasty - Nan Southern Song dynasty 1127- 1279

Read more here: » Song Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Song Dynasty - Song dynasty emperors