Encyclopedia - China: Encyclopedia Ii - China - Political History
Before unification by the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC, "China" did not exist as a coherent entity. The Chinese civilization consisted of a patc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Republic Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Republic Of China - History
Republic of China - Republican China 1911-1949. Main article: History of Republican China After over 2000 years of imperial rule, Ch...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Republic Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Republic Of China - History
Republic of China - Republican China 1911-1949. After over 2000 years of imperial rule, China overthrew its dynastic system in favor o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia - History Of China
China is one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with written records dating back 3,500 years. Turtle shells with marki...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Ancient Histories
Archaeological sites such as Sanxingdui (三星堆) and Erlitou (二里頭) show evidence of a Bronze Age civilization in China. The earl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Ancient Histories
Archaeological sites such as Sanxingdui (三星堆) and Erlitou (二里頭) show evidence of a Bronze Age civilization in China. The earl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - China Texas: Encyclopedia Ii - China Texas - History
A water stop named "China Grove" was made after the Texas and New Orleans Railroad completion in 1860. China Grove Post Office was establ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - China: Encyclopedia Ii - China - History
China was one of the earliest centers of human civilization. Chinese civilization was also one of the few to invent writing independently...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - China: Encyclopedia Ii - China - Chinese Pre-history
Archeological evidence suggests that the earliest occupants in China date as long as 2.24 million to 250,000 years ago by an ancient huma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - China Maine: Encyclopedia Ii - China Maine - History
In 1774 a family named Clark settled in the area and established Jones' Plantation. In 1796 Jones' Plantation was incorporated as Harlem....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - China: Encyclopedia Ii - China - Political History
Before unification by the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC, "China" did not exist as a coherent entity. The Chinese civilization consisted of a patc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - China: Encyclopedia Ii - China - History
China was one of the earliest centers of human civilization. Chinese civilization was also one of the few to invent writing independently...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Political Divisions Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Political Divisions Of China - Ancient Times
Before the establishment of the Qin Dynasty, China was ruled by a network of kings, nobles, and tribes. The rivalry of these groups culmi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Political Divisions Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Political Divisions Of China - People's Republic Of China
The communist forces initially held parts of Manchuria and northern China at the start of the Chinese civil war. By late 1949, they contr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Republic Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Republic Of China - Early Republican China 1912-1916
History of the Republic of China - Founding of the Republic of China. Main article: Xinhai Revolution The last days of the Qing Dynasty...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Political Divisions Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Political Divisions Of China - Republic Of China
The Republic of China streamlined the system down to three levels: Provinces (省 shěng) Circuits (道 dào) Counties (縣 xiàn) Circ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - China: Encyclopedia Ii - China - Chinese Pre-history
Archeological evidence suggests that the earliest occupants in China date as long as 2.24 million to 250,000 years ago by an ancient huma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - People's Republic Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - People's Republic Of China - History
Main articles: History of China, History of the People's Republic of China, and Timeline of Chinese history After World War II, the Chine...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - People's Republic Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - People's Republic Of China - History
After World War II, the Chinese Civil War between the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang ended in 1949 with the Communists in co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Transgender In China: Encyclopedia Ii - Transgender In China - History Of Transgenderism In China
There is a long history of transgenderism in China. Guanyin, the boddhisattva of compassion, famously went from being primarily male in I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Air China: Encyclopedia Ii - Air China - History
Air China was established and started operations on 1 July 1988. Formerly the Beijing-based international carrier division of Civil Aviat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Islam In China: Encyclopedia Ii - Islam In China - History
During the Tang Dynasty, China was highly tolerant of new religions and Chinese contact with foreign envoys flourished. Islam was introdu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of China - Military Institutions In Imperial China
Military history of China - Qin and Han dynasties. Both the Qin and Western Han empires employed a military system based on universal c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christianity In China: Encyclopedia Ii - Christianity In China - History
Christianity in China - Earliest period. For a fuller account see Nestorianism in China Traditional Christian thought suggested that St...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of China - Warfare In Ancient China
Ancient China during the Shang Dynasty was a Bronze Age society based on chariot armies. Archaeological study of Shang sites at Anyang ha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In China - History
History of the Jews in China - Early record. Sources indicate that Jews in China were often mistaken for Muslims by other Chinese, most...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Province Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Province Of China - History
The provinces of China were first set up during the Yuan Dynasty. There were initially 10 provinces. By the time of the Qing Dynasty ther...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - China Airlines: Encyclopedia Ii - China Airlines - History
Before the Chinese Civil War, there were a total of three airlines operating in the Republic of China. One was Civil Air Transport, creat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In China - Name
The contemporary term for Jews in use among Chinese today is Youtairen (Chinese: 猶太人; Hanyu Pinyin: Yóutài Rén) in Mandarin Chin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Buddhism In China: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhism In China - History Of Buddhism In China
Buddhism in China - Arrival along the Silk Road. The arrival of Buddhism in China followed the first contacts between China and Central...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In China - History
History of the Jews in China - Early record. Sources indicate that Jews in China were often mistaken for Muslims by other Chinese, most...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Municipality Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Municipality Of China - History
The first municipalities were the 11 cities of Nanjing, Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Qingdao, Chongqing, Xi'an, Guangzhou, Hankou (now par...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In China - Overview
China's Jewish communities have been ethnically diverse ranging from the Jews of Kaifeng and other places during the history of Imperial ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of China - Modern China
From the first Opium War in 1839 onwards, changes to military technology, institutions and outlook in China became driven by the West. Fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - County Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - County Of China - History
Xian have existed since the Warring States Period, and were set up nation-wide by the Qin Dynasty. The number of counties in China proper...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In China - Overview
China's Jewish communities have been ethnically diverse ranging from the Jews of Kaifeng and other places during the history of Imperial ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - President Of The Republic Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - President Of The Republic Of China - History
When the Republic of China was founded in 1912, Sun Yat-sen was elected as the first "provisional president" (臨時大總統) by the pro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Republic Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Republic Of China - Nanjing Decade 1928-1937
The "Nanjing Decade" of 1928-37 was one of consolidation and accomplishment by the Kuomintang. Some of the harsh aspects of foreign conce...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - China Eastern Airlines: Encyclopedia Ii - China Eastern Airlines - History
The airline was established on 25 June 1988, on the basis of the CAAC Huadong Administration. In 1997, China Eastern took over loss-makin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Republic Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Republic Of China - Warlord Era 1916-1928
After Yuan Shikai's death, shifting alliances of regional warlords fought for control of the Beijing government. Despite the fact that va...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Music Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Music Of China - History Modern
The New Culture Movement of the 1910s and 1920s evoked a great deal of lasting interest in Western music as a number of Chinese musicians...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The People's Republic Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The People's Republic Of China - The Mao Era
History of the People's Republic of China - Social Reformation. The new government assumed control of a people exhausted by two generat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Republic Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Republic Of China - Republic Of China On Taiwan 1945/1949-present
History of the Republic of China - Tension between locals and mainlanders. After World War II, the United States accepted the surrender...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - China Southern Airlines: Encyclopedia Ii - China Southern Airlines - History
The airline was established in March 1995. In June 1997 China Southern Airlines initial public stock offering on the New York and Hong Ko...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hinduism In China: Encyclopedia Ii - Hinduism In China - History Of Hinduism
Hinduism in China - Early Hindu Influence. Evidence of Hindu influence on China existed very early on, when ancient Chinese traditions ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Northern And Southern China: Encyclopedia Ii - Northern And Southern China - History
The concepts of northern and southern China originate from differences in climate, geography, culture, and physical traits; as well as se...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of China - Weapons And Military Technology
China has been an advanced country in terms of military technology, losing ground only after the Industrial Revolution. In the Qin and Ha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - People's Republic Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - People's Republic Of China - History
After World War II, the Chinese Civil War between the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang ended in 1949 with the Communists in co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of China - Legalism And Confucianism
Legalist thinkers from Shang Yang to Li Si, both Prime Ministers of Qin, held that the society should be socially regimented and bureaucr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of China - Legalism And Confucianism
Legalist thinkers from Shang Yang to Li Si, both Prime Ministers of Qin, held that the society should be socially regimented and bureaucr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of China - The Northern Frontier
The "barbarians" (夷, 戎, 狄) of the northern frontier, commonly called hu (胡), include the nomadic Xiongnu, Turks, Khitan, Mongols....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Republic Of China Navy: Encyclopedia Ii - Republic Of China Navy - History
The precursor to the modern ROC Navy was established as the Ministry of the Navy in the Provisional Government of the Republic of China i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Republic Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Republic Of China - Civil War 1945-1949
Main article: Chinese Civil War During World War II, the United States emerged as a major actor in Chinese affairs. As an ally it embarke...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Flag Of The Republic Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Flag Of The Republic Of China - History
The canton (upper left-hand corner) originated from the "Blue Sky with a White Sun" flag (青天白日旗, qīng tiān bái rì qí) desi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Autonomous Entities Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Autonomous Entities Of China - History
Autonomous regions, prefectures, counties, and banners were established after communist takeover, following Soviet practice. At first, th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Political Divisions Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Political Divisions Of China - History
Main article: History of the political divisions of China Before the establishment of the Qin Dynasty, China was ruled by a network of ki...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In China - Modern Times
Contemporaneous sources estimated the Jewish population in China in 1940 – including Manchukuo – at 36,000 (source: Catholic Encyclop...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Time Zones Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Time Zones Of China - History
Time zones were first set up and made official in China in 1912 under the Republic of China. The country was divided into five time zones...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In China - Modern Times
Contemporaneous sources estimated the Jewish population in China in 1940 – including Manchukuo – at 36,000 (source: Catholic Encyclop...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - China Motor Bus: Encyclopedia Ii - China Motor Bus - History
The company was founded in 1924 by Ngan Shing Kwan to provide services on Kowloon Peninsula. In 1933 CMB was granted a "franchise" (i.e. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Republic Of China Army: Encyclopedia Ii - Republic Of China Army - History
The ROCA was founded as the National Revolutionary Army, the armed wing of Sun Yat-sen's KMT in 1924. It participated in the Northern Exp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The People's Republic Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The People's Republic Of China - Mao's Legacy
The large number of deaths during the period of consolidation of power after victory in the Chinese Civil War paled in comparison to the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scouting In Mainland China: Encyclopedia Ii - Scouting In Mainland China - History
Following the birth of the Republic of China, the first Scout troop was organized by Rev. Yen Chia-lin in Wuchang on February 25, 1912 an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Great Wall Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Great Wall Of China - History
A defensive wall on the northern border was built and maintained by several dynasties at different times in Chinese history. There have b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Catholicism In China: Encyclopedia Ii - Catholicism In China - Contemporary History
Since 1949, following the establishment of the People's Republic of China by the Chinese Communist Party, the status of Catholicism as a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Space Program Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Space Program Of China - History And Recent Developments
PRC's manned space program started as early as 1968, when it was founded by Tsien Hsue-Shen of the Space Flight Medical Research Centre. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Republic Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Republic Of China - Second Sino-japanese War 1937-1945
Main article: Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) Few Chinese had any illusions about Japanese designs on China. Hungry for raw materials and p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Postage Stamps And Postal History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Postage Stamps And Postal History Of China - Postwar
The end of the conflict brought little respite to the Nationalist government, which continued to struggle with Communist forces. But they...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Postage Stamps And Postal History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Postage Stamps And Postal History Of China - Imperial China
Regular government postal service is known from the Chou Dynasty in the 1st millennium BC. Marco Polo reported in the 12th century that t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - China National Tobacco Co.: Encyclopedia Ii - China National Tobacco Co. - History
A major objective of China National and the STMA has been modernization. As recently as the 1980's China's independent tobacco factories ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Tea In China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Tea In China - Mass Production Of White Tea
Modern-day white teas can be traced to the Qing Dynasty in 1796. Back then, teas were processed and distributed as loose tea that was to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Tea In China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Tea In China - The First Tea Monograph
The first tea monograph Cha Jing by Tang dynasty writer Lu Yu was completed around 760 AD. This is more than four hundred years earlier t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Tea In China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Tea In China - The Origin Of The Word Cha
The phoneme 'tu' later developed into 'te' in the Fujian dialect, and later 'tea', 'te' The phoneme 'she' later became 'soh' in Jiangsu p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - National Anthem Of The Republic Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - National Anthem Of The Republic Of China - History
The text of "National Anthem of the Republic of China" was the collaboration between several Kuomintang members, Hu Han-min (胡漢民 H...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - South China Sea Islands: Encyclopedia Ii - South China Sea Islands - History
The countries with the most extensive participation and well documented history on the Islands are China and Vietnam. The South China Sea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The People's Republic Of China 4/4: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The People's Republic Of China 4/4 - China Today
History of the People's Republic of China 4/4 - Social welfare. Chinese society has been revolutionized from the top down, going throug...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - President Of The People's Republic Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - President Of The People's Republic Of China - The History Of The Presidency
Originally, in the constitution of 1954, the President (or Chairman) of the PRC was intended to be very powerful, serving both as the Hea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Foreign Relations Of The Republic Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Foreign Relations Of The Republic Of China - History
Established in 1912, the early years of the Republic of China were characterised by the domination of warlords and foreign incursions. Wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bank Of China Hong Kong: Encyclopedia Ii - Bank Of China Hong Kong - History
Bank of China Hong Kong - Bank of China Group. Main article: Bank of China Group The opening of a branch of the Bank of China in Hong...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - National Police Agency Republic Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - National Police Agency Republic Of China - History
The current police service in Taiwan traces its roots back to police forces established in Taiwan during Japanese colonial rule, as well ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rural Life In The People's Republic Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Rural Life In The People's Republic Of China - History
One of the major avowed objects of the Communist Party of China (CPC) during its rise to prominence between 1917 and 1949 was the improve...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - The Republic Of China
Frustrated by the Qing court's resistance to reform and by China's weakness, young officials, military officers, and students—inspired ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - The Republic Of China
Frustrated by the Qing court's resistance to reform and by China's weakness, young officials, military officers, and students—inspired ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - The Present
With the proclamation of the People's Republic of China (中華人民共和國) on October 1, 1949, China was divided yet again, into the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification
The Sui Dynasty (隋朝) managed to reunite the country in 589 after almost 300 years of disjunction. The unification is the second short...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification
The Sui Dynasty (隋朝) managed to reunite the country in 589 after almost 300 years of disjunction. The unification is the second short...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty (清朝, 1644–1911) was founded after the defeat of the Ming, the last Han Chinese dynasty, by the Manchus (滿族). T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Post Modern Independence
With the proclamation of the People's Republic of China (中華人民共和國) on October 1, 1949, China was divided yet again, into the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Mongols And The Yuan Dynasty
The Jin Empire was defeated by the Mongols, who then proceeded to defeat the Southern Song in a long and bloody war, the first war where ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Mongols And The Yuan Dynasty
The Jin Empire was defeated by the Mongols, who then proceeded to defeat the Southern Song in a long and bloody war, the first war where ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty (清朝, 1644–1911) was founded after the defeat of the Ming, the last Han Chinese dynasty, by the Manchus (滿族). T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Tang Dynasty: Return To Prosperity
On June 18, 618, Gaozu (唐高祖) took the throne, and the Tang Dynasty (唐朝) was established, opening a new age of prosperity and in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Qin Dynasty: The First Chinese Empire
Though the unified reign of the Qin (秦) Emperor lasted only twelve years, he managed to subdue great parts of what constitutes the core...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Qin Dynasty: The First Chinese Empire
Though the unified reign of the Qin (秦) Emperor lasted only twelve years, he managed to subdue great parts of what constitutes the core...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Tang Dynasty: Return To Prosperity
On June 18, 618, Gaozu (唐高祖) took the throne, and the Tang Dynasty (唐朝) was established, opening a new age of prosperity and in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Jin The Sixteen Kingdoms And The Northern And Southern Dynasties
Though these three kingdoms were reunited temporarily in 280 by the (Western) Jin Dynasty (晉朝), the contemporary non-Han Chinese (Wu ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival Of Chinese Culture
There was strong sentiment, among the populace, against the rule of the "foreigner" (known as Dázi 韃子), which finally led to peasant...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Jin, The Sixteen Kingdoms, And The Northern And Southern Dynasties
Though these three kingdoms were reunited temporarily in 280 by the (Western) Jin Dynasty (晉朝), the contemporary non-Han Chinese (Wu ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Jin The Sixteen Kingdoms And The Northern And Southern Dynasties
Though these three kingdoms were reunited temporarily in 280 by the (Western) Jin Dynasty (晉朝), the contemporary non-Han Chinese (Wu ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival Of Chinese Culture
There was strong sentiment, among the populace, against the rule of the "foreigner" (known as Dázi 韃子), which finally led to peasant...   » Read the article