Main article: History of Catalonia Catalonia historic territory - Development of Catalonia as part of the Crown of Aragon into a Mediterranean Power. The territory that is now Catalonia was colonized by Ancient Greeks and Carthaginians. Like the rest of the Iberian Peninsula, it participated in the pre-Roman Iberian culture and was part of the Roman Empire, followed by Visigothic rule. In the eighth century it was part of Moorish (Muslim-ruled) al-Andalus, but the northern part of i ...

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Catalonia historic territory, Catalonia historic territory - History of Catalonia, Catalonia historic territory - Development of Catalonia as part of the Crown of Aragon into a Mediterranean Power, Catalonia historic territory - Catalan constitutions 1283, Catalonia historic territory - Catalonia after the Middle Ages, Catalonia historic territory - The Principality, Catalonia historic territory - Language, Catalonia historic territory - Culture

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History of Catalonia - Union with Aragon. Until the middle of the 12th century, the successive counts of Barcelona tried to expand their domain in multiple directions. They incorporated the county of Besalú, part of the county of Empúries, all of the county of Cerdagne, and, briefly, even the county of Provence. The Catalan church, for its part, became independent of the bi ...

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History of Catalonia, History of Catalonia - Prehistory in Catalonia, History of Catalonia - The rise of Iberian culture, History of Catalonia - Roman times, History of Catalonia - From late antiquity to feudalism, History of Catalonia - Visigothic and Muslim rule, History of Catalonia - Carolingian conquest, History of Catalonia - The rise and fall of the aloers, History of Catalonia - First references to the name Catalonia, History of Catalonia - Catalonia Aragon and Castile, History of Catalonia - Union with Aragon, History of Catalonia - The Aragonese-Catalan Empire, History of Catalonia - Crown of Aragon union with Crown of Castile, History of Catalonia - The Reapers' War, History of Catalonia - War of the Spanish Succession, History of Catalonia - Economic recovery, History of Catalonia - The Napoleonic Wars, History of Catalonia - The Carlist wars, History of Catalonia - Industrialization, History of Catalonia - Catalan nationalism and the workers movement, History of Catalonia - Republic and civil war, History of Catalonia - Franco's dictatorship, History of Catalonia - Democracy restored

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Total (2002) GDP: $146.1 billion GDP per /capita: $26,550 (2nd) Catalonia (Catalan: Catalunya; Spanish: Cataluña; Aranese: Catalonha) is one of the seventeen autonomous communities that constitute Spain. Its territory corresponds to most of the historic territory of the former Principality of Catalonia. The autonomous community of Catalonia covers an area of 31,950 km² with an o ...

Including:

• Catalonia - Administration and Government of Catalonia
• Catalonia - Restoration of Catalan self-government
• Catalonia - Language
• Catalonia - Literacy
• Catalonia - Social Use
• Catalonia - Aranese
• Catalonia - Politics of Catalonia
• Catalonia - Parties
• Catalonia - Summary of votes and seats
• Catalonia - Geography
• Catalonia - Environmental Policy
• Catalonia - UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Catalonia

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The Visigoths were one of two main branches of the Goths, the Ostrogoths being the other. Together these tribes were among the loosely-termed Germanic peoples who disturbed the late Roman Empire during the Migration Period. After the collapse of the western Roman Empire the Visigoths played a major role in western European affairs for another two and a half centuries. Visigoth - Visigoths as Tervingi. The naming of this people is problematic. Some time shortly after 291 Mamertinus made a eulogy of Em ...

Including:

• Visigoth - Visigoths as Tervingi
• Visigoth - Early history
• Visigoth - Visigothic Kingdom in Aquitaine
• Visigoth - Visigothic Kingdom in Iberia
• Visigoth - Kings of the Visigoths
• Visigoth - Early kings
• Visigoth - Balti dynasty
• Visigoth - Later kings
• Visigoth - Doubtful kings
• Visigoth - Select bibliography

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The first Catalan constitutions are of the Corts of Barcelona from 1283. The last ones were promulgated by the court of 1702. The compilations of the constitutions and other rights of Catalonia followed the Roman tradition of the Codex. During the 19th and 20th centuries, Catalonia was one of the main centres of Spanish industrialisation. The struggle between the Barcelonese conserv ...

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Catalonia, Catalonia - Administration and Government of Catalonia, Catalonia - Restoration of Catalan self-government, Catalonia - Language, Catalonia - Literacy, Catalonia - Social Use, Catalonia - Aranese, Catalonia - Politics of Catalonia, Catalonia - Parties, Catalonia - Summary of votes and seats, Catalonia - Geography, Catalonia - Environmental Policy, Catalonia - UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Catalonia

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The Visigoths first appeared in history as a distinct people in the year 268 when they invaded the Roman Empire and swarmed over the Balkan peninsula. This invasion overran the Roman provinces of Pannonia and Illyricum and even threatened Italia itself. However, the Visigoths were defeated in battle near the modern Italian-Slovenian border that summer and then routed in the Battle of Naissus that September. Over the next three years they were driven back over the Danube River in a series of campaigns by the emperors Claudius II Gothicus and Aurelian. However, they maintained their hold on the Roman province ...

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Visigoth, Visigoth - Visigoths as Tervingi, Visigoth - Early history, Visigoth - Visigothic Kingdom in Aquitaine, Visigoth - Visigothic Kingdom in Iberia, Visigoth - Kings of the Visigoths, Visigoth - Early kings, Visigoth - Balti dynasty, Visigoth - Later kings, Visigoth - Doubtful kings, Visigoth - Select bibliography

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The term may be used with a strictly cultural/linguistic rather than nationalistic meaning, somewhat analogously to La Francophonie or Hispanic America. In this case, places such as Alghero are also included within this definition. Conversely, some western portions of the current Autonomous Community of Valencia (for example, La plana d'Utiel, formerly a Castilian comarca), commonly included both in political and sometimes linguistic definitions, don't have any historical Catalan heritage other than their inclusion in the present-day autono ...

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Catalan Countries, Catalan Countries - Different meanings and controversy

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The term may be used with a strictly cultural/linguistic rather than nationalistic meaning, somewhat analogously to Francophony or Hispanic America. In this case, places such as Alghero are also included within this definition. Conversely, some western portions of the current Autonomous Community of Valencia (for example, La plana d'Utiel, formerly a Castilian comarca), commonly included both in political and sometimes linguistic definitions, don't have any historical Catalan heritage other than their inclusion in the present-day autono ...

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Catalan Countries, Catalan Countries - Different meanings and controversy

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Urgell is one of the historical Catalan counties, bordering on the counties of Pallars and Cerdagne. Its maximal extension territory was between the Pyrenees and the taifa of Lleida, that is, the current comarques of Alt Urgell, Noguera, Solsonès, Pla d'Urgell, Urgell itself, and the still independent country of Andorra. The historical capital was first La Seu d'Urgell and later Balaguer. The diocese was an old one, and traditions of the early Christian church lingered; Felix of Urgel's tendencies towards the heretical positio ...

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• Urgell - Reference

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The Generalitat is the institution of government in Catalonia. It consists of a Parliament, a President and an Executive Council. [1] The Parliament of Catalonia has 135 seats and serves as the legislative body of government.[2] The President and the Executive Council serve as the executive authority and are elected by the Parliament. The Government of Catalonia comprises 16 departments or ministries. [3] See comarques of Catalonia for the official division in comarca (roughly equivalent to counties), used by the ...

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Catalonia, Catalonia - Administration and Government of Catalonia, Catalonia - Restoration of Catalan self-government, Catalonia - Language, Catalonia - Literacy, Catalonia - Social Use, Catalonia - Aranese, Catalonia - Politics of Catalonia, Catalonia - Parties, Catalonia - Summary of votes and seats, Catalonia - Geography, Catalonia - Environmental Policy, Catalonia - UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Catalonia

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At the Battle of Muret on September 12, 1213 the Crusading army of Simon IV de Montfort defeated the Aragonese and Catalan forces of Peter II of Aragon. Battle of Muret - Background. Simon IV de Montfort was the leader of the Albigensian Crusade to destroy the Cathar heresy. He invaded Toulouse and exiled its count, Raymond VI. Count Raymond sought assistance from his brother-in-law, King Peter II of Aragon (and count of Barcelona), who felt threatened by Montfort's conquests in Languedoc. He decide ...

Including:

• Battle of Muret - Background
• Battle of Muret - The Battle
• Battle of Muret - Sources

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The Visigoths soon became the dominant power in Iberia. They quickly crushed the Alans and by 429 they forced the Vandals from the peninsula into north Africa. By 500, the Visigoths controlled most of Iberia with the exception of the Suevi kingdom in the northwest and the Basque region. At first the Hispanic territories were governed from the Visigoth capital at Toulouse, in the south of France. At Vouillé in 507, the Franks wrested control of Aquitaine from the Visigoths. King Alaric II was killed in battle, and after a temporary re ...

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Visigoth, Visigoth - Visigoths as Tervingi, Visigoth - Early history, Visigoth - Visigothic Kingdom in Aquitaine, Visigoth - Visigothic Kingdom in Iberia, Visigoth - Kings of the Visigoths, Visigoth - Early kings, Visigoth - Balti dynasty, Visigoth - Later kings, Visigoth - Doubtful kings, Visigoth - Select bibliography

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The Spanish autonomous community of Catalonia borders on Land of Valencia to the south, Aragon to the west, France and Andorra to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the east and southeast. Mountains: Catalan Pyrenees: Val d'Aran in the north face, Pica d'Estats 3141 m., Puigmal 2911 m., Cerdagne depression, Perthus pass (near the ancient Roman road). Catalan Litoral mountains: Montseny, Montserrat, Montsant. Iberic system: Maestrat. Major rivers: Fluvià Ter Llobregat < ...

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Catalonia, Catalonia - Administration and Government of Catalonia, Catalonia - Restoration of Catalan self-government, Catalonia - Language, Catalonia - Literacy, Catalonia - Social Use, Catalonia - Aranese, Catalonia - Politics of Catalonia, Catalonia - Parties, Catalonia - Summary of votes and seats, Catalonia - Geography, Catalonia - Environmental Policy, Catalonia - UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Catalonia

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Catalonia is the original heartland of Catalan, and remains the most important and largest territory where the language is spoken. Catalan is one of the two official languages of Catalonia, as laid down in the Catalan Statute of Autonomy [14]: the other is Castilian (Spanish), which is the majority language throughout Spain (its official status confirmed by the 1978 Spanish Constitution). Catalonia has regulated its institutions and their various competences within the framework provided by the Span ...

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Catalonia, Catalonia - Administration and Government of Catalonia, Catalonia - Restoration of Catalan self-government, Catalonia - Language, Catalonia - Literacy, Catalonia - Social Use, Catalonia - Aranese, Catalonia - Politics of Catalonia, Catalonia - Parties, Catalonia - Summary of votes and seats, Catalonia - Geography, Catalonia - Environmental Policy, Catalonia - UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Catalonia

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The naming of this people is problematic. Some time shortly after 291 Mamertinus made a eulogy of Emperor Maximian (285-308) in which he says that the "Tervingi, another division of the Goths" (Tervingi pars alia Gothorum) joined with a band he calls the Taifali to attack the Vandals and Gepidae (Genethl. Max. 17, 1). The term "Vandals" may have been erroneous for "Victohali" because, around 360, the historian Eutropius reports that Dacia was currently (nunc) inhabited by Taifali, Victohali, and Tervingi (Eutr. ...

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Visigoth, Visigoth - Visigoths as Tervingi, Visigoth - Early history, Visigoth - Visigothic Kingdom in Aquitaine, Visigoth - Visigothic Kingdom in Iberia, Visigoth - Kings of the Visigoths, Visigoth - Early kings, Visigoth - Balti dynasty, Visigoth - Later kings, Visigoth - Doubtful kings, Visigoth - Select bibliography

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From 407 to 409 the Vandals, with the allied Alans and Germanic tribes like the Suevi, swept into the Iberian peninsula. In response to this invasion of Roman Hispania, Honorius, the emperor in the West, enlisted the aid of the Visigoths to regain control of the territory. And, in 418, Honorius rewarded his Visigothic federates by giving them land in Aquitania on which to settle. This was done probably under hospitalitas, the rules for billeting army soldiers (Heather 1996, Sivan 1987). The settlement formed the nucleus of the future Visigothic kingdom that would e ...

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Visigoth, Visigoth - Visigoths as Tervingi, Visigoth - Early history, Visigoth - Visigothic Kingdom in Aquitaine, Visigoth - Visigothic Kingdom in Iberia, Visigoth - Kings of the Visigoths, Visigoth - Early kings, Visigoth - Balti dynasty, Visigoth - Later kings, Visigoth - Doubtful kings, Visigoth - Select bibliography

Read more here: » Visigoth: Encyclopedia II - Visigoth - Visigothic Kingdom in Aquitaine

Visigoth - Early kings. Fritigern (369–380) Athanaric (369–381) Visigoth - Balti dynasty. Alaric I (395–410) Ataulf (410–415) Sigeric (415) Wallia (415–419) Theodoric I (419–451) Thorismund (451–453) Theodoric II (453–466) Euric (466–484) Alaric II (484–507) Gesalec (507–511) Regency of Theodoric the Great ( ...

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Visigoth, Visigoth - Visigoths as Tervingi, Visigoth - Early history, Visigoth - Visigothic Kingdom in Aquitaine, Visigoth - Visigothic Kingdom in Iberia, Visigoth - Kings of the Visigoths, Visigoth - Early kings, Visigoth - Balti dynasty, Visigoth - Later kings, Visigoth - Doubtful kings, Visigoth - Select bibliography

Read more here: » Visigoth: Encyclopedia II - Visigoth - Kings of the Visigoths

Simon IV de Montfort was the leader of the Albigensian Crusade to destroy the Cathar heresy. He invaded Toulouse and exiled its count, Raymond VI. Count Raymond sought assistance from his brother-in-law, King Peter II of Aragon (and count of Barcelona), who felt threatened by Montfort's conquests in Languedoc. He decided to cross the Pyrenees and deal with Montfort at Muret. On September 10, Peter's army arrived at Muret, and was joined by a Toulousain militia. His ally and brother-in-law, Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, advised against ...

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Battle of Muret, Battle of Muret - Background, Battle of Muret - The Battle, Battle of Muret - Sources

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Police and army casualties were 8 dead and 124 wounded. Of the civilians, 104-150 (the numbers vary) were reportedly killed. The government's reaction to the riots was not only brutal but arbitrary. Over 1,700 individuals were indicted in military courts for "armed rebellion". 5 were sentenced to death and executed (including Francisco Ferrer, founder of the Escuela Moderna); 59 received sentences of life impris ...

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Tragic Week, Tragic Week - Aftermath, Tragic Week - Sources

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The title of Prince of Girona comes from the Crown of Aragon, more precisely when in the year 1351, the king Pere IV of Aragon nominated its successor and conceded him the title of Duke of Girona, which embraced territories of the counties of Girona, Besalú, Empúries and Osona. On the first part I of the les Constitucions i Altres Drets de Cathalunya, section Genealogia dels Reys d'Aragó i Comtes de Barcelona, speaks about Joan I of Aragon genealogy, son of Pere III of Aragon, saing this and Violant, had a son named JaumeSee also:

Prince of Girona, Prince of Girona - Origin, Prince of Girona - Current Situation, Prince of Girona - Related Pages

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