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History of Argentina
A Wisdom Archive on History of Argentina

History of Argentina A selection of articles related to History of Argentina

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History of Argentina

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ARTICLES RELATED TO History of Argentina

History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - History of Argentina - Spanish colonial era

See also: Government of the Río de la Plata, Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, May Revolution Europeans arrived in the region with the 1502 voyage of Amerigo Vespucci. Spanish navigator Juan Díaz de Solís visited the territory which is now Argentina in 1516. Spain established a permanent colony on the site of Buenos Aires in 1580 as part of the Viceroyalty of Peru; initial settlement was primarily overland from Peru. The natural port of the Río de la Plata estuary could not be used because all communications and c ...

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History of Argentina, History of Argentina - During the reign of the Inca, History of Argentina - Spanish colonial era, History of Argentina - Birth of the Argentine State, History of Argentina - The emergence of modern Argentina, History of Argentina - The Great Depression and World War II, History of Argentina - The rise of Juan Perón, History of Argentina - Struggle between Peronist and anti-Peronist forces, History of Argentina - Perón returns from exile, History of Argentina - The Dirty War, History of Argentina - The return to democracy, History of Argentina - The 1990s, History of Argentina - The economic crisis, History of Argentina - The recovery, History of Argentina - Notes, History of Argentina - Reference, History of Argentina - External link

Read more here: » History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - History of Argentina - Spanish colonial era

History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - President of Argentina - Features of the office

President of Argentina - Requirements. Article 89 of the Argentine Constitution establishes the requirements one must meet in order to become President. The President must be a natural-born citizen of the country, or be son of Argentine citizens, in the case of being born abroad. The remaining requirements, the article establishes, are the same requirements for becoming a Senator. Another requirement, present before the last constitutional amendment of 1994, was that the President had to be baptized by the Ro ...

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President of Argentina, President of Argentina - Features of the office, President of Argentina - Requirements, President of Argentina - Presidential Elections, President of Argentina - Presidential Powers, President of Argentina - Term duration, President of Argentina - Succession, President of Argentina - Presidential symbols and residence, President of Argentina - History of the Head of State office, President of Argentina - Pre-autonomous government, President of Argentina - Early autonomous government, President of Argentina - The Constitution of 1819, President of Argentina - The Constitution of 1826, President of Argentina - The Civil War, President of Argentina - The Constitution of 1853, President of Argentina - Military Presidents, President of Argentina - Statistics, President of Argentina - The office of Vice-President

Read more here: » President of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - President of Argentina - Features of the office

History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - Julio Argentino Roca - Political beginnings

In 1877, during Avellaneda's presidency, he became Minister of War and it was his task to prepare a campaign that would bring and end to the "frontier problem" after the failure of Aldolfo Alsina's (his predecessor) plan. Roca's approach to dealing with the indian communities of the Pampas, however, was completely different from Alsina's, who had ordered the construction of a ditch and a defensive line of small fortresses across the Province of Buenos Aires. Roca saw no way to end native attacks ("malones") but by putting under effective gov ...

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Julio Argentino Roca, Julio Argentino Roca - Upbringing and early career, Julio Argentino Roca - Political beginnings, Julio Argentino Roca - First presidency, Julio Argentino Roca - Continuing political involvement, Julio Argentino Roca - Second presidency, Julio Argentino Roca - Later years, Julio Argentino Roca - Reference, Julio Argentino Roca - Books

Read more here: » Julio Argentino Roca: Encyclopedia II - Julio Argentino Roca - Political beginnings

History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - Doctrine of the two demons - After the restoration of democracy

The Argentine military and other people have expressed different opinions on the Dirty War. A few among the military involved have conceded that their actions were morally wrong and unjustifiable. A number of them have fully acknowledged their commitment and expressed no regrets. A third group refers to the crimes of the military as "excesses", implying that the country was in fact undergoing a war, with two sides fighting for different goals, so that ...

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Doctrine of the two demons, Doctrine of the two demons - Background, Doctrine of the two demons - Justification for the criticism, Doctrine of the two demons - After the restoration of democracy

Read more here: » Doctrine of the two demons: Encyclopedia II - Doctrine of the two demons - After the restoration of democracy

History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - May Revolution - Friday May 18

Viceroy Cisneros attempted to conceal the news from Spain; however, the rumor had already spread through the whole city. He decided then to give his own version of the facts through a proclamation, while trying to calm down the criollos (creoles). He asked for allegiance to King Ferdinand VII, but popular unrest continued to intensify. Not fooled by the viceroy's story, some creoles decided to meet at the houses of Nicolás Rodríguez Peña and Hipólito Vieytes. During these secret sessions they decided to name a representativ ...

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May Revolution, May Revolution - Friday May 18, May Revolution - Saturday May 19, May Revolution - Sunday May 20, May Revolution - Monday May 21, May Revolution - Tuesday May 22, May Revolution - Wednesday May 23, May Revolution - Thursday May 24, May Revolution - Friday May 25

Read more here: » May Revolution: Encyclopedia II - May Revolution - Friday May 18

History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - Radical Civic Union - History

The Unión Cívica Radical (UCR) is the oldest existing political party in Argentina. It was founded in 1891 by radical liberals and held power for 27 years. For many years the party was either in opposition to Peronist governments or illegal during military rule. The party was a spin-off of the Union Civica, which was led by Bartolome Mitre and Leandro Alem The party unsuccessfully led an attempt to force the early departure of President Miguel Juarez Celman in the "Revolución del Parque." Eventually a compromise was reached with Ju ...

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Radical Civic Union, Radical Civic Union - History

Read more here: » Radical Civic Union: Encyclopedia II - Radical Civic Union - History

History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - Proceso de Reorganización Nacional - Background

The military has always been highly influential in Argentinian politics. The extremely popular Argentine leader Juan Domingo Perón, three times President of Argentina, was himself a colonel in the army, and initially came to power in the aftermath of a 1943 military coup. His policies were highly nationalistic and he claimed to be opposed to both capitalism and Communism, proferring a third way between the two that became known as "Peronism". After winning re-election to the office of President in a popular vot ...

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Proceso de Reorganización Nacional, Proceso de Reorganización Nacional - Background, Proceso de Reorganización Nacional - The Junta, Proceso de Reorganización Nacional - Economic policies, Proceso de Reorganización Nacional - Aftermath

Read more here: » Proceso de Reorganización Nacional: Encyclopedia II - Proceso de Reorganización Nacional - Background

History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - Dirty War - The return of Peronism

Ever since former army officer Juan Domingo Perón was ousted from the presidency by a coup in 1955 (Revolución Libertadora), military hostility to his populist political movement (Peronism) had dominated Argentine politics. Following nearly two decades of weak civilian governments, economic decline and military interventionism, Perón returned from exile and was re-elected in 1973, backed by a broad coalition that ranged from trade unionists in the center to fascist nationalists on the right and socialist radicals like the Montoneros led by Mario Firmenich on the left. Once back in power, however, ...

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Dirty War, Dirty War - The return of Peronism, Dirty War - The military's rise to power, Dirty War - Human rights violations, Dirty War - Invasion of the Falkland Islands, Dirty War - Anti-Communism, Dirty War - US involvement, Dirty War - Truth commission and trials, Dirty War - Continuing Controversies, Dirty War - Allegations against Cardinal Bergoglio, Dirty War - Notes, Dirty War - Books, Dirty War - Film

Read more here: » Dirty War: Encyclopedia II - Dirty War - The return of Peronism

History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - Rosariazo - First Rosariazo

On 16 May the students of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad Nacional de Rosario expressed their rejection of such actions; other faculties joined them. The rector suspended university activities until next Monday. The next day a protest started at the cafeteria of the UNR. The police suffocated a demonstration and killed student Adolfo Bello. The CGT labour union called for an "status of alert", a ...

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Rosariazo, Rosariazo - First Rosariazo, Rosariazo - Second Rosariazo, Rosariazo - Reference

Read more here: » Rosariazo: Encyclopedia II - Rosariazo - First Rosariazo

History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - Julio Argentino Roca - Continuing political involvement

Roca did not directly participate in the 1890 revolution, which was instigated by Leandro N. Alem and Bartolomé Mitre (Unión Civica, later Unión Civica Radical). However, he was pleased in the resulting weakness of Miguel Juárez Celman. Roca himself had put forward Juárez Celman as his successor. However, Celman distanced himself from Roca and reprivatised large sectors of the economy in a corrupt fashion. After his first presidency Roca became a senator and Minister of the Interior under Carlos Pellegrini. After Pr ...

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Julio Argentino Roca, Julio Argentino Roca - Upbringing and early career, Julio Argentino Roca - Political beginnings, Julio Argentino Roca - First presidency, Julio Argentino Roca - Continuing political involvement, Julio Argentino Roca - Second presidency, Julio Argentino Roca - Later years, Julio Argentino Roca - Reference, Julio Argentino Roca - Books

Read more here: » Julio Argentino Roca: Encyclopedia II - Julio Argentino Roca - Continuing political involvement

History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - Julio Argentino Roca - Upbringing and early career

Julio Roca was born in the northwestern city of San Miguel de Tucumán in 1843 into a prominent local family. He graduated from the National College in Concepción del Uruguay, Entre Ríos. Before he was 15, Roca joined the army of the Argentinean Confederation, on 19 March 1858. While still an adolescent, he went to fight as a junior officer in the struggle between Buenos Aires and the interior provinces, first on the side of the provinces and later on behalf of the capital. He also fought in the War of the Triple Alliance against Paraguay between 1864 and 1870. Roca rose to the rank of colonel serving ...

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Julio Argentino Roca, Julio Argentino Roca - Upbringing and early career, Julio Argentino Roca - Political beginnings, Julio Argentino Roca - First presidency, Julio Argentino Roca - Continuing political involvement, Julio Argentino Roca - Second presidency, Julio Argentino Roca - Later years, Julio Argentino Roca - Reference, Julio Argentino Roca - Books

Read more here: » Julio Argentino Roca: Encyclopedia II - Julio Argentino Roca - Upbringing and early career

History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - Rosariazo - Second Rosariazo

After a few months of relative calm, Rosario university students started a series of protests and hommages commemorating the victims of state repression on 7 September 1969. Upon the suspension of a railroad labour union deputy, Mario Horat, the railroad workers of Rosario went on strike on 8 September; on 12 September the union declared a nationwide indefinite strike. The government enlisted the military for repression. Several factories were occupied in Córdoba, and there wa ...

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Rosariazo, Rosariazo - First Rosariazo, Rosariazo - Second Rosariazo, Rosariazo - Reference

Read more here: » Rosariazo: Encyclopedia II - Rosariazo - Second Rosariazo

History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - Doctrine of the two demons - Justification for the criticism

Many have condemned the violence of the guerrilla radical groups (the ends, the means, or both), but feel that the atrocities committed by the armed forces and their associates during the Dirty War that started on 1976 have a different moral status, since the Argentine state under the armed forces dictatorship sought to terrorize the citizenry by means of kidnapping and forced disappearance of persons without trial or recourse of habeas corpus. The main criticism of the state's measures, as mentioned above, is that a national state is ...

See also:

Doctrine of the two demons, Doctrine of the two demons - Background, Doctrine of the two demons - Justification for the criticism, Doctrine of the two demons - After the restoration of democracy

Read more here: » Doctrine of the two demons: Encyclopedia II - Doctrine of the two demons - Justification for the criticism

History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - Proceso de Reorganización Nacional - The Junta

The expression "national reorganization process" was used to imply orderliness and control of the critical sociopolitical situation of Argentina at the time, but the dictatorial regime soon showed its true colours. Forced disappearances on ideological grounds and illegal arrests, often based on unsubstantiated accusations, became common. Armed soldiers arrived at randomly selected peoples' houses to rob them. The police would pull over cars for no reason, beat the occupants senseless, and leave without explanation, as part of a program to in ...

See also:

Proceso de Reorganización Nacional, Proceso de Reorganización Nacional - Background, Proceso de Reorganización Nacional - The Junta, Proceso de Reorganización Nacional - Economic policies, Proceso de Reorganización Nacional - Aftermath

Read more here: » Proceso de Reorganización Nacional: Encyclopedia II - Proceso de Reorganización Nacional - The Junta

History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - Proceso de Reorganización Nacional - Aftermath

The top military leaders of the Proceso were judged and convicted in 1985 (Juicio a las Juntas), but they were pardoned by President Carlos Menem in 1989, a highly controversial action. As of 2005, groups continue to stage weekly public protests in front of the Casa Rosada in Buenos Aires calling for the military officers responsible for the atrocities of the junta to be punished. Adolfo Scilingo, an Argentine naval officer during the junta, was tried for his role in jettisoning the drugged, naked bodies of political dis ...

See also:

Proceso de Reorganización Nacional, Proceso de Reorganización Nacional - Background, Proceso de Reorganización Nacional - The Junta, Proceso de Reorganización Nacional - Economic policies, Proceso de Reorganización Nacional - Aftermath

Read more here: » Proceso de Reorganización Nacional: Encyclopedia II - Proceso de Reorganización Nacional - Aftermath

History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - Dirty War - The military's rise to power

By mid-1975, the country was a stage for widespread violence. Extreme right-wing death squads, such as the Argentine Anticommunist Alliance, created by José López Rega, Juan Perón's Minister of Social Welfare and a P2 member, used their hunt for far-left guerrillas as a pretext to exterminate any and all ideological opponents on the left and as a cover for common crimes. Assassinations and kidnappings by the Montoneros and the ERP (Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo - "People's Revolutionary Army") contributed to the general clima ...

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Dirty War, Dirty War - The return of Peronism, Dirty War - The military's rise to power, Dirty War - Human rights violations, Dirty War - Invasion of the Falkland Islands, Dirty War - Anti-Communism, Dirty War - US involvement, Dirty War - Truth commission and trials, Dirty War - Continuing Controversies, Dirty War - Allegations against Cardinal Bergoglio, Dirty War - Notes, Dirty War - Books, Dirty War - Film

Read more here: » Dirty War: Encyclopedia II - Dirty War - The military's rise to power

History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - Dirty War - Anti-Communism

The junta's mission was allegedly to defend against international communism. Indeed, the "ideological war" doctrine of the Argentine military focused on eliminating the supposed social base of insurgency, as much as targeting actual guerrillas. Associated with other South American dictatorships in Operation Condor, they also worked closely with the Asian-based World Anti-Communist League and its Latin American affiliate, the Confederación Anticomunista Latinoamericana. In 1980, the Argentine military helped Nazi war criminal Klaus Barbie, S ...

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Dirty War, Dirty War - The return of Peronism, Dirty War - The military's rise to power, Dirty War - Human rights violations, Dirty War - Invasion of the Falkland Islands, Dirty War - Anti-Communism, Dirty War - US involvement, Dirty War - Truth commission and trials, Dirty War - Continuing Controversies, Dirty War - Allegations against Cardinal Bergoglio, Dirty War - Notes, Dirty War - Books, Dirty War - Film

Read more here: » Dirty War: Encyclopedia II - Dirty War - Anti-Communism

History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - Dirty War - Human rights violations

The junta was responsible for the killing of an estimated 10,000 to 30,000 Argentinians between 1976 and 1983, mostly trade-union members, students and people thought to espouse left-wing views (for example French nun Leonie Duquet, kidnapped by Alfredo Astiz). Another 900 were killed or "disappeared" by death squads, among whom the Triple A, associated with the Peronist regime prior to the coup. The guerrillas were responsible for killing about 1,500 people during this period, plus nearly 1,800 kidnappings. Batallón de Inteligencia ...

See also:

Dirty War, Dirty War - The return of Peronism, Dirty War - The military's rise to power, Dirty War - Human rights violations, Dirty War - Invasion of the Falkland Islands, Dirty War - Anti-Communism, Dirty War - US involvement, Dirty War - Truth commission and trials, Dirty War - Continuing Controversies, Dirty War - Allegations against Cardinal Bergoglio, Dirty War - Notes, Dirty War - Books, Dirty War - Film

Read more here: » Dirty War: Encyclopedia II - Dirty War - Human rights violations

History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - Doctrine of the two demons - Background

Starting with the kidnapping and assassination of former de facto President Pedro Aramburu by the Montoneros in 1969, armed violence by left-wing groups increased. Some argued for the legitimacy of armed struggle on one or more of the following arguments: Argentina was under a military dictatorship. The government outlawed political parties and persecuted all forms of dissent, sometimes through violent means. Juan Perón, the leader of a vast mass of Argentinians, was in exile a ...

See also:

Doctrine of the two demons, Doctrine of the two demons - Background, Doctrine of the two demons - Justification for the criticism, Doctrine of the two demons - After the restoration of democracy

Read more here: » Doctrine of the two demons: Encyclopedia II - Doctrine of the two demons - Background

History of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - Dirty War - Truth commission and trials

The junta relinquished power in 1983. After democratic elections, incoming president Raúl Alfonsín created the National Commission for Forced Disappearances (CONADEP) in December 1983, led by writer Ernesto Sabato, to collect evidence about the Dirty War crimes. The gruesome details, including documentation of the disappearance of nearly 11,000 people, shocked the world. Jorge Rafael Videla, head of the junta, was among the generals convicted of human rights crimes, including forced disappearances, torture, murders and kidnappings. Preside ...

See also:

Dirty War, Dirty War - The return of Peronism, Dirty War - The military's rise to power, Dirty War - Human rights violations, Dirty War - Invasion of the Falkland Islands, Dirty War - Anti-Communism, Dirty War - US involvement, Dirty War - Truth commission and trials, Dirty War - Continuing Controversies, Dirty War - Allegations against Cardinal Bergoglio, Dirty War - Notes, Dirty War - Books, Dirty War - Film

Read more here: » Dirty War: Encyclopedia II - Dirty War - Truth commission and trials

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Index of Articles
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History Of Argentina