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History of Algeria | A Wisdom Archive on History of Algeria | | History of Algeria A selection of articles related to History of Algeria | |
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History of Algeria
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ARTICLES RELATED TO History of Algeria | | | |  History of Algeria: Encyclopedia II - History of Algeria - Historical setting
History of Algeria - Geography.
In geography, the fertile coastal plain of North Africa, especially west of Tunisia, is often termed the Maghreb.
History of Algeria - Language and culture.
Modern Algeria is mainly Arabic-speaking, but a large minority still speak the indigenous Berber language, surviving from Neolithic times. The most significant forces in the country's history have been the spread of Islam, Arabization, Ottoman and French colonization, and the struggle for independence.
See also:History of Algeria, History of Algeria - Historical setting, History of Algeria - Geography, History of Algeria - Language and culture, History of Algeria - Origins and influences, History of Algeria - Islamisation, History of Algeria - French period, History of Algeria - Independence, History of Algeria - Military rule, History of Algeria - Chapters of the series Read more here: » History of Algeria: Encyclopedia II - History of Algeria - Historical setting |
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| | | | History of Algeria: Encyclopedia II - Algerian War of Independence - Conduct of the War From its origins in 1954 as ragtag maquisards numbering in the hundreds and armed with a motley assortment of hunting rifles and discarded French, German, and United States light weapons, the ALN had evolved by 1957 into a disciplined fighting force of nearly 40,000. More than 30,000 were organized along conventional lines in external units that were stationed in Moroccan and Tunisian sanctuaries near the Algerian border, where they served primarily to divert some French manpower from the main theaters of guerrilla activity to guard against ...
See also:Algerian War of Independence, Algerian War of Independence - Beginning of Hostilities, Algerian War of Independence - FLN, Algerian War of Independence - Philippeville, Algerian War of Independence - Conduct of the War, Algerian War of Independence - Committee of Public Safety, Algerian War of Independence - De Gaulle, Algerian War of Independence - The Evian Accords, Algerian War of Independence - The pieds-noirs' and harkis' exodus, Algerian War of Independence - Pieds-noirs, Algerian War of Independence - Harkis, Algerian War of Independence - War dead, Algerian War of Independence - Lasting effects in Algerian politics, Algerian War of Independence - Reference Read more here: » Algerian War of Independence: Encyclopedia II - Algerian War of Independence - Conduct of the War |
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| | | | History of Algeria: Encyclopedia II - Maghreb - History Originally, the Maghreb was inhabited by "white" Cro-Magnoids (Iberomaurusians) in the north and by "black" peoples in the Sahara. Later, about 8000 BC, there came from the east "white" speakers of northern Afro-Asiatic languages such as Berber at least since the Capsian culture.
Many ports along the Maghreb coast were occupied by Phoenicians, particularly Carthaginians; with the defeat of Carthage, many of these ports naturally passed to Rome, and ultimately it took control of the entire Maghreb north of the Atlas Mountains, apart from some of the most mountai ...
See also:Maghreb, Maghreb - Modern territories of the Maghreb, Maghreb - Medieval regions of the Maghreb, Maghreb - History Read more here: » Maghreb: Encyclopedia II - Maghreb - History |
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| | | | History of Algeria: Encyclopedia II - Algerian War of Independence - FLN The FLN uprising presented nationalist groups with the question of whether to adopt armed revolt as the main mode of action. During the first year of the war, Ferhat Abbas's UDMA, the ulama, and the PCA maintained a friendly neutrality toward the FLN. The communists, who had made no move to cooperate in the uprising at the start, later tried to infiltrate the FLN, but FLN leaders publicly repudiated the support of the party. In April 1956, Abbas flew to Cairo, where he formally joined the FLN. This action brought in many évolués who ...
See also:Algerian War of Independence, Algerian War of Independence - Beginning of Hostilities, Algerian War of Independence - FLN, Algerian War of Independence - Philippeville, Algerian War of Independence - Conduct of the War, Algerian War of Independence - Committee of Public Safety, Algerian War of Independence - De Gaulle, Algerian War of Independence - The Evian Accords, Algerian War of Independence - The pieds-noirs' and harkis' exodus, Algerian War of Independence - Pieds-noirs, Algerian War of Independence - Harkis, Algerian War of Independence - War dead, Algerian War of Independence - Lasting effects in Algerian politics, Algerian War of Independence - Reference Read more here: » Algerian War of Independence: Encyclopedia II - Algerian War of Independence - FLN |
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| | | | History of Algeria: Encyclopedia - Algeria The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (Arabic: الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية) , or Algeria (Arabic: الجزائر), is a presidential state in north Africa, and the second largest country on the African continent, Sudan being the largest. It is bordered by Tunisia in the northeast, Libya in the east, Niger in the southeast, Mali and Mauritania in the southwest, and Morocco as well as a few kilometers of its annexed territory, Western Sahara, in the west. Constit ...
Including:
Read more here: » Algeria: Encyclopedia - Algeria |
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| | | | History of Algeria: Encyclopedia II - Algerian War of Independence - Committee of Public Safety Recurrent cabinet crises focused attention on the inherent instability of the French Fourth Republic and increased the misgivings of the army and of the colons that the security of Algeria was being undermined by party politics. Army commanders chafed at what they took to be inadequate and incompetent government support of military efforts to end the rebellion. The feeling was widespread that another debacle like that of Indochina in 1954 was in the offing and that the government would order another precipitate pullout and sacrifice French h ...
See also:Algerian War of Independence, Algerian War of Independence - Beginning of Hostilities, Algerian War of Independence - FLN, Algerian War of Independence - Philippeville, Algerian War of Independence - Conduct of the War, Algerian War of Independence - Committee of Public Safety, Algerian War of Independence - De Gaulle, Algerian War of Independence - The Evian Accords, Algerian War of Independence - The pieds-noirs' and harkis' exodus, Algerian War of Independence - Pieds-noirs, Algerian War of Independence - Harkis, Algerian War of Independence - War dead, Algerian War of Independence - Lasting effects in Algerian politics, Algerian War of Independence - Reference Read more here: » Algerian War of Independence: Encyclopedia II - Algerian War of Independence - Committee of Public Safety |
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| | | | History of Algeria: Encyclopedia II - Algerian War of Independence - Philippeville An important watershed in the War of Independence was the massacre of civilians by the FLN near the town of Philippeville in August 1955. Before this operation, FLN policy was to attack only military and government-related targets. The wilaya commander for the Constantine region, however, decided a drastic escalation was needed. The killing by the FLN and its supporters of 123 people, including old women and babies, shocked Soustelle into calling for more repressive measures against the rebels. The government claimed it killed 1,273 g ...
See also:Algerian War of Independence, Algerian War of Independence - Beginning of Hostilities, Algerian War of Independence - FLN, Algerian War of Independence - Philippeville, Algerian War of Independence - Conduct of the War, Algerian War of Independence - Committee of Public Safety, Algerian War of Independence - De Gaulle, Algerian War of Independence - The Evian Accords, Algerian War of Independence - The pieds-noirs' and harkis' exodus, Algerian War of Independence - Pieds-noirs, Algerian War of Independence - Harkis, Algerian War of Independence - War dead, Algerian War of Independence - Lasting effects in Algerian politics, Algerian War of Independence - Reference Read more here: » Algerian War of Independence: Encyclopedia II - Algerian War of Independence - Philippeville |
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| | | | History of Algeria: Encyclopedia II - Algerian War of Independence - The Evian Accords The "generals' putsch" marked the turning point in the official attitude toward the Algerian war. De Gaulle was now prepared to abandon the colons, the group that no previous French government could have written off. The army had been discredited by the putsch and kept a low profile politically throughout the rest of France's involvement with Algeria. Talks with the FLN reopened at Evian in May 1961; after several false starts, the French government decreed that a ceasefire would take effect on March 19, 1962. In their final form, the ...
See also:Algerian War of Independence, Algerian War of Independence - Beginning of Hostilities, Algerian War of Independence - FLN, Algerian War of Independence - Philippeville, Algerian War of Independence - Conduct of the War, Algerian War of Independence - Committee of Public Safety, Algerian War of Independence - De Gaulle, Algerian War of Independence - The Evian Accords, Algerian War of Independence - The pieds-noirs' and harkis' exodus, Algerian War of Independence - Pieds-noirs, Algerian War of Independence - Harkis, Algerian War of Independence - War dead, Algerian War of Independence - Lasting effects in Algerian politics, Algerian War of Independence - Reference Read more here: » Algerian War of Independence: Encyclopedia II - Algerian War of Independence - The Evian Accords |
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| | | | History of Algeria: Encyclopedia II - Algerian War of Independence - De Gaulle A lot of people, French citizens or not, greeted Charles de Gaulle's return to power as the breakthrough needed to end the hostilities. On his June 4 trip to Algeria, de Gaulle calculatedly made an ambiguous and broad emotional appeal to all the inhabitants, declaring "Je vous ai compris" (I have understood you). De Gaulle raised the hopes of colons and the professional military, disaffected by the indecisiveness of previous governments, with his exclamation of "Vive l'Algérie française" (long live French Algeria) to cheering ...
See also:Algerian War of Independence, Algerian War of Independence - Beginning of Hostilities, Algerian War of Independence - FLN, Algerian War of Independence - Philippeville, Algerian War of Independence - Conduct of the War, Algerian War of Independence - Committee of Public Safety, Algerian War of Independence - De Gaulle, Algerian War of Independence - The Evian Accords, Algerian War of Independence - The pieds-noirs' and harkis' exodus, Algerian War of Independence - Pieds-noirs, Algerian War of Independence - Harkis, Algerian War of Independence - War dead, Algerian War of Independence - Lasting effects in Algerian politics, Algerian War of Independence - Reference Read more here: » Algerian War of Independence: Encyclopedia II - Algerian War of Independence - De Gaulle |
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| | | | History of Algeria: Encyclopedia II - Algerian War of Independence - The pieds-noirs' and harkis' exodus Pieds-noirs (including Jews) and harkis accounted for 13% of the total population of Algeria in 1962. For the sake of clarity, each group's exodus is described separately here, although their fate shared many common elements.
Algerian War of Independence - Pieds-noirs.
Pied-noir (literally "black foot") is a term used to describe the European-descended population that had been in Algeria for generations; it is sometimes used to include the Jewish population as well, which likewise emig ...
See also:Algerian War of Independence, Algerian War of Independence - Beginning of Hostilities, Algerian War of Independence - FLN, Algerian War of Independence - Philippeville, Algerian War of Independence - Conduct of the War, Algerian War of Independence - Committee of Public Safety, Algerian War of Independence - De Gaulle, Algerian War of Independence - The Evian Accords, Algerian War of Independence - The pieds-noirs' and harkis' exodus, Algerian War of Independence - Pieds-noirs, Algerian War of Independence - Harkis, Algerian War of Independence - War dead, Algerian War of Independence - Lasting effects in Algerian politics, Algerian War of Independence - Reference Read more here: » Algerian War of Independence: Encyclopedia II - Algerian War of Independence - The pieds-noirs' and harkis' exodus |
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| | | | History of Algeria: Encyclopedia II - Algerian War of Independence - War dead The FLN estimated in 1962 that nearly eight years of revolution had cost 300,000 dead from war-related causes. Algerian sources later put the figure at approximately 1.5 million dead, while French officials estimated it at 350,000. French military authorities listed their losses at nearly 18,000 dead (6,000 from non-combat-related causes) and 65,000 wounded. European descended civilian casualties exceeded 10,000 (including 3,000 dead) in 42,000 recorded terrorist incidents. According to French figures, security forces killed 141,000 rebel co ...
See also:Algerian War of Independence, Algerian War of Independence - Beginning of Hostilities, Algerian War of Independence - FLN, Algerian War of Independence - Philippeville, Algerian War of Independence - Conduct of the War, Algerian War of Independence - Committee of Public Safety, Algerian War of Independence - De Gaulle, Algerian War of Independence - The Evian Accords, Algerian War of Independence - The pieds-noirs' and harkis' exodus, Algerian War of Independence - Pieds-noirs, Algerian War of Independence - Harkis, Algerian War of Independence - War dead, Algerian War of Independence - Lasting effects in Algerian politics, Algerian War of Independence - Reference Read more here: » Algerian War of Independence: Encyclopedia II - Algerian War of Independence - War dead |
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| | | | History of Algeria: Encyclopedia II - Rise of Islam in Algeria - Islam and the Arabs 642–1830 Unlike the invasions of previous religions and cultures, the coming of Islam, which was spread by Arabs, was to have pervasive and long-lasting effects on the Maghrib. The new faith, in its various forms, would penetrate nearly all segments of society, bringing with it armies, learned men, and fervent mystics, and in large part replacing tribal practices and loyalties with new social norms and political idioms.
Nonetheless, the Islamization and Arabization of the region were complicated and lengthy processes. Whereas nomadic Berbers w ...
See also:Rise of Islam in Algeria, Rise of Islam in Algeria - Islam and the Arabs 642–1830, Rise of Islam in Algeria - Fatimids, Rise of Islam in Algeria - Almoravids, Rise of Islam in Algeria - Almohads, Rise of Islam in Algeria - Zayyanids, Rise of Islam in Algeria - Marabouts, Rise of Islam in Algeria - European Offensive, Rise of Islam in Algeria - Privateers, Rise of Islam in Algeria - Reference Read more here: » Rise of Islam in Algeria: Encyclopedia II - Rise of Islam in Algeria - Islam and the Arabs 642–1830 |
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| | | | History of Algeria: Encyclopedia II - List of Algeria-related topics - List of Unedited Articles Rivers and lakes: Chott Melrhir, Mazafran, Oued El Harrach, Chiffa, Isser, Sebaou, Daas, Soummam, El Malah, El Hammam, Mekkera, Tafna, Chott Chergui, Seybouse, Rhumel, Medjerda, Cheliff, Zahrez, Chott el Hodna, Moulouya
Towns: Messad, Hennchir Besseriani, Bir el Ater, Miliana, Sidi Fredj/Sidi Ferruch
Areas: Hodna, Mzab, Ouarsenis, Mitidja, Nemencha, Dahra, Tidikelt, Titteri
Prehistory: Ibero-Maurusian, Mechta-Afalou, P ...
See also:List of Algeria-related topics, List of Algeria-related topics - A, List of Algeria-related topics - B, List of Algeria-related topics - C, List of Algeria-related topics - D, List of Algeria-related topics - E, List of Algeria-related topics - F, List of Algeria-related topics - G, List of Algeria-related topics - H, List of Algeria-related topics - I, List of Algeria-related topics - J, List of Algeria-related topics - K, List of Algeria-related topics - L, List of Algeria-related topics - M, List of Algeria-related topics - N, List of Algeria-related topics - O, List of Algeria-related topics - P, List of Algeria-related topics - Q, List of Algeria-related topics - R, List of Algeria-related topics - S, List of Algeria-related topics - T, List of Algeria-related topics - U, List of Algeria-related topics - V, List of Algeria-related topics - W, List of Algeria-related topics - X, List of Algeria-related topics - Y, List of Algeria-related topics - Z, List of Algeria-related topics - List of Unedited Articles Read more here: » List of Algeria-related topics: Encyclopedia II - List of Algeria-related topics - List of Unedited Articles |
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| | | | History of Algeria: Encyclopedia II - French rule in Algeria - Colonization and Military Control A royal ordinance in 1845 called for three types of administration in Algeria. In areas where Europeans were a substantial part of the population, colons elected mayors and councils for self-governing "full exercise" communes (communes de plein exercice). In the "mixed" communes, where Muslims were a large majority, government was in the hands of appointed and some elected officials, including representatives of the grands chefs (great chieftains) and a French administrator. The indigenous communes (communes indigènes), remot ...
See also:French rule in Algeria, French rule in Algeria - French rule in Algeria 1830–1962, French rule in Algeria - Invasion of Algiers, French rule in Algeria - The Land and Colonizers, French rule in Algeria - Opposition to the Occupation, French rule in Algeria - Abd al Qadir, French rule in Algeria - Colonization and Military Control, French rule in Algeria - Hegemony of the Colons, French rule in Algeria - Related article, French rule in Algeria - Reference Read more here: » French rule in Algeria: Encyclopedia II - French rule in Algeria - Colonization and Military Control |
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| | | | History of Algeria: Encyclopedia II - History of Algeria since 1962 - Chadli Bendjedid Bendjedid, who had collaborated with Boumediene in the plot that deposed Ben Bella, was regarded as a moderate not identified with any group or faction; he did, however, command wide support within the military establishment. In June 1980, he summoned an extraordinary FLN Party Congress to examine the draft of the five-year development plan for 1980–84. The resultant First Five Year Plan liberalized the economy and broke up unwieldy state corporations.
The Benjedid regime was also marked by the Berber Spring protests from Kabyle uni ...
See also:History of Algeria since 1962, History of Algeria since 1962 - History of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria 1962–present, History of Algeria since 1962 - Aftermath of the War, History of Algeria since 1962 - Ben Bella and the FLN, History of Algeria since 1962 - Boumédiènne Regime, History of Algeria since 1962 - Chadli Bendjedid, History of Algeria since 1962 - Recent developments, History of Algeria since 1962 - Reference Read more here: » History of Algeria since 1962: Encyclopedia II - History of Algeria since 1962 - Chadli Bendjedid |
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