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History of Africa | A Wisdom Archive on History of Africa | | History of Africa A selection of articles related to History of Africa | |
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History of Africa
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO History of Africa | | | |  History of Africa: Encyclopedia II - Africa Billings - HistoryBillings wrote Africa some time before 1770 and included it in his first published hymnbook, The New England Psalm Singer. Later he made revisions for the version included in his The Singing Master's Assistant (1778) and still further, very minor, revisions for Music in Miniature (1779). It is the latter two versions that are performed today.
The name of the hymn is, as far as can be determined, completely arbitrary, and reflects a practice of Billings's day to give names specifically to the tunes of ...
See also:Africa Billings, Africa Billings - History, Africa Billings - Music, Africa Billings - Words, Africa Billings - Reception, Africa Billings - Books, Africa Billings - Footnote Read more here: » Africa Billings: Encyclopedia II - Africa Billings - History |
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| | | | | History of Africa: Encyclopedia II - Economy of Africa - History Main article: Economic history of Africa
Before the advent of the Roman Empire, Ancient Egypt had been one of the most prosperous and advanced civilizations on Earth. The port of Alexandria (founded by Alexander the Great in 334 BC) was one of the hubs for Mediterranean trade for many centuries. Well into the 19th century, Egypt remained one of the most developed parts of the world outside Europe.
South of the Sahara conditions were very different. Internal trade within the continent, being cut off by thick forests and m ...
See also:Economy of Africa, Economy of Africa - Regional variation, Economy of Africa - Variation, Economy of Africa - By country, Economy of Africa - History, Economy of Africa - Economic sectors, Economy of Africa - Agriculture, Economy of Africa - Mining and drilling, Economy of Africa - Manufacturing, Economy of Africa - Investment and banking, Economy of Africa - Determinants, Economy of Africa - Geography, Economy of Africa - Disease, Economy of Africa - Colonialism, Economy of Africa - Borders, Economy of Africa - Language issues, Economy of Africa - Governance, Economy of Africa - Civil and international wars, Economy of Africa - Foreign trade, Economy of Africa - Effects of widespread poverty, Economy of Africa - Attempts at promoting growth, Economy of Africa - Socialism, Economy of Africa - Liberalism, Economy of Africa - Autarky, Economy of Africa - Foreign aid, Economy of Africa - Debt relief, Economy of Africa - Central banks and currencies Read more here: » Economy of Africa: Encyclopedia II - Economy of Africa - History |
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| | | | | History of Africa: Encyclopedia II - History of South Africa - Independent South Africa
History of South Africa - The Boer republics.
The Boers meanwhile plugged on with their search for land and freedom, ultimately establishing themselves at Transvaal and the Orange Free State. For a while, it seemed that these republics were developing into stable states, despite having thinly spread populations of fiercely independent Boers, no industry, and minimal agriculture. Then the Boers' world was turned on its head in 1869 with the discovery of diamonds near Kimberley. The diamonds were found on land belo ...
See also:History of South Africa, History of South Africa - Pre-Colonisation, History of South Africa - Prehistory, History of South Africa - Bantu expansion, History of South Africa - Colonisation, History of South Africa - European expeditions, History of South Africa - The Dutch settle in, History of South Africa - Burghers meet the bush, History of South Africa - British at the Cape, History of South Africa - Difaqane and destruction, History of South Africa - The Great Trek, History of South Africa - A river runs red, History of South Africa - Independent South Africa, History of South Africa - The Boer republics, History of South Africa - The Anglo-Boer Wars, History of South Africa - Peace and unity?, History of South Africa - Prelude to apartheid, History of South Africa - Apartheid era, History of South Africa - Post-apartheid, History of South Africa - Rewriting history, History of South Africa - Free elections: Round two, History of South Africa - Into the future, History of South Africa - Notes Read more here: » History of South Africa: Encyclopedia II - History of South Africa - Independent South Africa |
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| | | | | History of Africa: Encyclopedia II - South Africa - History
South Africa - Pre-history.
Main article: History of South Africa
South Africa contains some of the oldest archaeological sites in Africa. Extensive fossil remains at the Sterkfontein, Kromdraai and Makapansgat caves suggest that various australopithecines existed in South Africa from about three million years ago. These were succeeded by various species of Homo, including Homo habilis, Homo erectus and modern man, Homo sapiens. Bantu iron-using agriculturist ...
See also:South Africa, South Africa - Languages, South Africa - History, South Africa - Pre-history, South Africa - Dutch settlement, South Africa - British annexation, South Africa - Boer wars, South Africa - Union of South Africa, South Africa - Apartheid era, South Africa - Transfer of power, South Africa - Current issues, South Africa - Government, South Africa - Politics, South Africa - Provinces, South Africa - Geography, South Africa - Flora and fauna, South Africa - Economy, South Africa - Agriculture, South Africa - Demographics, South Africa - Culture, South Africa - Crime, South Africa - Military, South Africa - Media, South Africa - International rankings Read more here: » South Africa: Encyclopedia II - South Africa - History |
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| | | | | History of Africa: Encyclopedia II - History of South Africa - Colonisation
History of South Africa - European expeditions.
Main article: History of Cape Colony
Little is known about the nearly 500 years from 500 AD to the date of first European contact. The first explorers to reach South Africa were the Portuguese, drawn southwards in hope of finding a sea route to India and Asia to replace costly and time-consuming land routes through central Asia. In 1487, Bartolomeu Dias and a small group of his men rounded a rocky, windy cape, naming it Cabo da Boa Espe ...
See also:History of South Africa, History of South Africa - Pre-Colonisation, History of South Africa - Prehistory, History of South Africa - Bantu expansion, History of South Africa - Colonisation, History of South Africa - European expeditions, History of South Africa - The Dutch settle in, History of South Africa - Burghers meet the bush, History of South Africa - British at the Cape, History of South Africa - Difaqane and destruction, History of South Africa - The Great Trek, History of South Africa - A river runs red, History of South Africa - Independent South Africa, History of South Africa - The Boer republics, History of South Africa - The Anglo-Boer Wars, History of South Africa - Peace and unity?, History of South Africa - Prelude to apartheid, History of South Africa - Apartheid era, History of South Africa - Post-apartheid, History of South Africa - Rewriting history, History of South Africa - Free elections: Round two, History of South Africa - Into the future, History of South Africa - Notes Read more here: » History of South Africa: Encyclopedia II - History of South Africa - Colonisation |
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| | | | | History of Africa: Encyclopedia II - South Africa - History
South Africa - Pre-history.
South Africa contains some of the oldest archaeological sites in Africa. Extensive fossil remains at the Sterkfontein, Kromdraai and Makapansgat caves suggest that various australopithecines existed in South Africa from about three million years ago. These were succeeded by various species of Homo, including Homo habilis, Homo erectus and modern man, Homo sapiens. Bantu iron-using agriculturists and herdsmen moved south of the Limpopo River into modern-day S ...
See also:South Africa, South Africa - Languages, South Africa - History, South Africa - Pre-history, South Africa - Dutch settlement, South Africa - British annexation, South Africa - Boer wars, South Africa - Union of South Africa, South Africa - Apartheid era, South Africa - Transfer of power, South Africa - Current issues, South Africa - Government, South Africa - Politics, South Africa - Provinces, South Africa - Geography, South Africa - Flora and fauna, South Africa - Economy, South Africa - Agriculture, South Africa - Demographics, South Africa - Culture, South Africa - Crime, South Africa - Military, South Africa - Media, South Africa - International rankings Read more here: » South Africa: Encyclopedia II - South Africa - History |
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| | | | | History of Africa: Encyclopedia II - Horn of Africa - History
Horn of Africa - Ancient history.
The Kingdom of Aksum was an African state located in Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Yemen that thrived between the 3rd and 11th centuries. Due to the Horn's strategic location, it has been used to restrict access to the Red Sea in the past.
The region was also a source of biological resources during the Antiquity: The ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans sent expeditions to the region for frankincense, myrrh, dragon's blood or cinnabar and took these commodities back along the Incense Route. Therefore the Romans called this region Regio Aromatica.
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See also:Horn of Africa, Horn of Africa - Geography and climate, Horn of Africa - History, Horn of Africa - Ancient history, Horn of Africa - Modern history, Horn of Africa - Culture and ethnicity, Horn of Africa - Economy, Horn of Africa - Ecology, Horn of Africa - Fauna, Horn of Africa - Flora Read more here: » Horn of Africa: Encyclopedia II - Horn of Africa - History |
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| | | | | History of Africa: Encyclopedia II - South Africa - History South Africa contains some of the oldest archaeological sites in Africa. Extensive fossil remains at the Sterkfontein, Kromdraai and Makapansgat caves suggest that various australopithecines existed in South Africa from about three million years ago. These were succeeded by various species of Homo, including Homo habilis, Homo erectus and modern man, Homo sapiens. Bantu iron-using agriculturists and herdsmen moved south of the Limpopo River into modern-day South Africa by the 4th or 5th century (the Bantu expansio ...
See also:South Africa, South Africa - Languages, South Africa - History, South Africa - Government, South Africa - Politics, South Africa - Provinces, South Africa - Geography, South Africa - Flora and fauna, South Africa - Economy, South Africa - Agriculture, South Africa - Demographics, South Africa - Culture, South Africa - Crime, South Africa - Military, South Africa - Media, South Africa - International rankings Read more here: » South Africa: Encyclopedia II - South Africa - History |
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| | | | | History of Africa: Encyclopedia II - University of South Africa - History Founded in 1873 as the University of the Cape of Good Hope, the University of South Africa (or Unisa as it is commonly known) spent most of its early history as an examining agency for Oxford and Cambridge universities and as an incubator from which most other universities in South Africa are descended. In 1946 it was given a new role as a distance education university and today it offers certifi ...
See also:University of South Africa, University of South Africa - History, University of South Africa - The University, University of South Africa - Location, University of South Africa - Students and staff, University of South Africa - Colleges, University of South Africa - Other institutes, University of South Africa - Distance education at UNISA, University of South Africa - Accreditation, University of South Africa - Entrance Requirements, University of South Africa - Advantages, University of South Africa - Culture, University of South Africa - UNISA Foundation, University of South Africa - Notable alumni Read more here: » University of South Africa: Encyclopedia II - University of South Africa - History |
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| | | | | History of Africa: Encyclopedia II - History of South Africa - Pre-Colonisation
History of South Africa - Prehistory.
South Africa prior to the emergence of modern humans (Homo sapiens) is shrouded in mystery. A major archaeological find in 1998 at Sterkfontein near Johannesburg revealed that hominids roamed across the Highveld at least three million years ago. About a million years ago, Homo erectus had emerged and ranged well beyond Africa, found in Europe and Asia. Somewhere around 100,000 years ago, modern man replaced the hominids. Although it is still hotly debated by arc ...
See also:History of South Africa, History of South Africa - Pre-Colonisation, History of South Africa - Prehistory, History of South Africa - Bantu expansion, History of South Africa - Colonisation, History of South Africa - European expeditions, History of South Africa - The Dutch settle in, History of South Africa - Burghers meet the bush, History of South Africa - British at the Cape, History of South Africa - Difaqane and destruction, History of South Africa - The Great Trek, History of South Africa - A river runs red, History of South Africa - Independent South Africa, History of South Africa - The Boer republics, History of South Africa - The Anglo-Boer Wars, History of South Africa - Peace and unity?, History of South Africa - Prelude to apartheid, History of South Africa - Apartheid era, History of South Africa - Post-apartheid, History of South Africa - Rewriting history, History of South Africa - Free elections: Round two, History of South Africa - Into the future, History of South Africa - Notes Read more here: » History of South Africa: Encyclopedia II - History of South Africa - Pre-Colonisation |
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| | | | | History of Africa: Encyclopedia II - History of South Africa - Post-apartheid
History of South Africa - Rewriting history.
Following the elections, focus turned to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1994–1999), which worked to expose crimes of the apartheid era under the dictum of Archbishop Desmond Tutu: "Without forgiveness there is no future, but without confession there can be no forgiveness." Many stories of horrific brutality and injustice were heard by the commission, offering some ca ...
See also:History of South Africa, History of South Africa - Pre-Colonisation, History of South Africa - Prehistory, History of South Africa - Bantu expansion, History of South Africa - Colonisation, History of South Africa - European expeditions, History of South Africa - The Dutch settle in, History of South Africa - Burghers meet the bush, History of South Africa - British at the Cape, History of South Africa - Difaqane and destruction, History of South Africa - The Great Trek, History of South Africa - A river runs red, History of South Africa - Independent South Africa, History of South Africa - The Boer republics, History of South Africa - The Anglo-Boer Wars, History of South Africa - Peace and unity?, History of South Africa - Prelude to apartheid, History of South Africa - Apartheid era, History of South Africa - Post-apartheid, History of South Africa - Rewriting history, History of South Africa - Free elections: Round two, History of South Africa - Into the future, History of South Africa - Notes Read more here: » History of South Africa: Encyclopedia II - History of South Africa - Post-apartheid |
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| | | | | History of Africa: Encyclopedia II - Africa - Demographics Africans may be grouped according to whether they live north or south of the Sahara Desert; these groups are called North Africans and Sub-Saharan Africans, respectively. Afro-Asiatic speaking peoples predominate in North Africa, while Sub-Saharan Africa is dominated by a number of disparate populations grouped according to their diverse languages--Niger-Congo predominantly in West Africa, Nilo-Saharan in the East ...
See also:Africa, Africa - Etymology, Africa - Geography, Africa - History, Africa - Politics, Africa - Precolonial Africa, Africa - Colonial Africa, Africa - Post-colonial Africa, Africa - Modern Africa, Africa - Economy, Africa - Demographics, Africa - Languages, Africa - Culture, Africa - Religion, Africa - Territories, Africa - Independent states, Africa - Territories possessions départements, Africa - Disputed territories, Africa - Table of territories and regions Read more here: » Africa: Encyclopedia II - Africa - Demographics |
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| | | | | History of Africa: Encyclopedia II - History of South Africa - Prelude to apartheid The first government of the new Union was headed by General Louis Botha, with General Jan Smuts as his deputy. Their South African National Party, later known as the South African Party or SAP, followed a generally pro-British, white-unity line. More radical Boers split away under the leadership of General Barry Hertzog, forming the National Party (NP) in 1914. The NP championed Afrikaner interests, advocating separate dev ...
See also:History of South Africa, History of South Africa - Pre-Colonisation, History of South Africa - Prehistory, History of South Africa - Bantu expansion, History of South Africa - Colonisation, History of South Africa - European expeditions, History of South Africa - The Dutch settle in, History of South Africa - Burghers meet the bush, History of South Africa - British at the Cape, History of South Africa - Difaqane and destruction, History of South Africa - The Great Trek, History of South Africa - A river runs red, History of South Africa - Independent South Africa, History of South Africa - The Boer republics, History of South Africa - The Anglo-Boer Wars, History of South Africa - Peace and unity?, History of South Africa - Prelude to apartheid, History of South Africa - Apartheid era, History of South Africa - Post-apartheid, History of South Africa - Rewriting history, History of South Africa - Free elections: Round two, History of South Africa - Into the future, History of South Africa - Notes Read more here: » History of South Africa: Encyclopedia II - History of South Africa - Prelude to apartheid |
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| | | | | History of Africa: Encyclopedia II - Africa - Etymology The name Africa came into Western use through the Romans, who used the name Africa terra — "land of the Afri" (plural, or "Afer" singular) — for the northern part of the continent, as the province of Africa with its capital Carthage, corresponding to modern-day Tunisia.
The Afri were a tribe — possibly Berber — who dwelt in North Africa in the Carthage area. The origin of Afer may be connected with Phoenician `afar, dust (also found in most other Semitic languages); some other etymologies that have ...
See also:Africa, Africa - Etymology, Africa - Geography, Africa - History, Africa - Politics, Africa - Precolonial Africa, Africa - Colonial Africa, Africa - Post-colonial Africa, Africa - Modern Africa, Africa - Economy, Africa - Demographics, Africa - Languages, Africa - Culture, Africa - Religion, Africa - Territories, Africa - Independent states, Africa - Territories possessions départements, Africa - Disputed territories, Africa - Table of territories and regions Read more here: » Africa: Encyclopedia II - Africa - Etymology |
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| | | | | History of Africa: Encyclopedia II - Africa - Languages Main article: African languages
By most estimates Africa contains well over a thousand languages. There are four major language families native to Africa.
The Afro-Asiatic languages are a language family of about 240 languages and 285 million people widespread throughout North Africa, East Africa, the Sahel, and Southwest Asia.
The Nilo-Saharan language family consists of more than a hundred languages spoken by 30 million people. Nilo-Saharan languages are mainly spoken in Chad, Sudan, Ethiop ...
See also:Africa, Africa - Etymology, Africa - Geography, Africa - History, Africa - Politics, Africa - Precolonial Africa, Africa - Colonial Africa, Africa - Post-colonial Africa, Africa - Modern Africa, Africa - Economy, Africa - Demographics, Africa - Languages, Africa - Culture, Africa - Religion, Africa - Territories, Africa - Independent states, Africa - Territories possessions départements, Africa - Disputed territories, Africa - Table of territories and regions Read more here: » Africa: Encyclopedia II - Africa - Languages |
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| | | | | History of Africa: Encyclopedia II - Kimberley South Africa - History In 1866, Erasmus Jacobs found a small white pebble on the banks of the Orange River, on the farm De Kalk, near Hopetown. The pebble turned out to be a 21.25 carat (4.25 g) diamond. In 1871, an even larger 83.50 carat (16.7 g) diamond was found on the slopes of Colesberg Kopje, and led to the first diamond rush into the area. As miners arrived in their thousands, the hill disappeared, and became known as the Big Hole. A town, New Rush, was formed in the area, and was renamed to Kimberley on 5 June 1873, after the British Secretary of S ...
See also:Kimberley South Africa, Kimberley South Africa - History, Kimberley South Africa - External link Read more here: » Kimberley South Africa: Encyclopedia II - Kimberley South Africa - History |
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| | | | | History of Africa: Encyclopedia II - Comair South Africa - History The airline was established and started operations on 14 July 1946 as Commercial Air Services. It was founded by Second World War South African Air Force colleagues AC Joubert, JMS Martin, L Zimmerman and JD Human. Scheduled services between Rand Airport, Johannesburg and Durban began in 1948, using a Cessna Model 195.
The airline grew over the next decades, to the point where it was able to start service on major domestic routes in 1992, using Boeing 737-200 aircraft. In addition to domestic flights to destinations such as Cape Town and Durban, it also offered a few international flights i ...
See also:Comair South Africa, Comair South Africa - Code Data, Comair South Africa - History, Comair South Africa - Destinations, Comair South Africa - Fleet Read more here: » Comair South Africa: Encyclopedia II - Comair South Africa - History |
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| | | | | History of Africa: Encyclopedia II - Africa - Culture Rather than one culture, Africa has a number of cultures that overlap. The most conventional distinction is that between sub-Saharan Africa and the northern countries from Egypt to Morocco, who largely associate themselves with Arabic culture. In this comparison, the nations to the south of the Sahara are considered to consist of many cultural areas, in particular that of the Bantu linguistic group.
Divisions may also be made between Francophone Africa and the rest of Africa, in particular the former British colonies of southern and E ...
See also:Africa, Africa - Etymology, Africa - Geography, Africa - History, Africa - Politics, Africa - Precolonial Africa, Africa - Colonial Africa, Africa - Post-colonial Africa, Africa - Modern Africa, Africa - Economy, Africa - Demographics, Africa - Languages, Africa - Culture, Africa - Religion, Africa - Territories, Africa - Independent states, Africa - Territories possessions départements, Africa - Disputed territories, Africa - Table of territories and regions Read more here: » Africa: Encyclopedia II - Africa - Culture |
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| | | | | History of Africa: Encyclopedia II - Africa - Geography Main article: Geography of Africa
Africa is the largest of the three great southward projections from the main mass of the Earth's surface. It includes within its remarkably regular outline an area, of c. 30,360,288 km² (11,722,173 mi²), including the islands.
Separated from Europe by the Mediterranean Sea, it is joined to Asia at its northeast extremity by the Isthmus of Suez (transected by the Suez Canal), 130 km (80 miles) wide. (Geopolitically, Egypt's Sinai Peninsula east of the Suez Canal is often considered part ...
See also:Africa, Africa - Etymology, Africa - Geography, Africa - History, Africa - Politics, Africa - Precolonial Africa, Africa - Colonial Africa, Africa - Post-colonial Africa, Africa - Modern Africa, Africa - Economy, Africa - Demographics, Africa - Languages, Africa - Culture, Africa - Religion, Africa - Territories, Africa - Independent states, Africa - Territories possessions départements, Africa - Disputed territories, Africa - Table of territories and regions Read more here: » Africa: Encyclopedia II - Africa - Geography |
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| | | | | History of Africa: Encyclopedia II - Flag of South Africa - History
After the Anglo-Boer War from 1899 to 1902 and the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910, the British Union Flag became the national flag of South Africa. As was the case throughout the British Empire, the Red and Blue Ensign with the Union coat of arms were granted by British Admiralty warrants in 1910 for use at sea.
These ensigns were not intended to be used as the Union's national flag, although they were used by some people as such, especially the Red Ensign. It was only after the first post-Union Afrikaner ...
See also:Flag of South Africa, Flag of South Africa - Design, Flag of South Africa - Colour, Flag of South Africa - History, Flag of South Africa - Current design, Flag of South Africa - Proper display of the flag, Flag of South Africa - Respect for the flag, Flag of South Africa - Traditional rules for handling the flag, Flag of South Africa - Correct display of the flag, Flag of South Africa - Showing the flag with other country's flags, Flag of South Africa - Showing the flag with non-national flags, Flag of South Africa - Showing the flag indoors, Flag of South Africa - Parades and ceremonies, Flag of South Africa - Half mast, Flag of South Africa - Disposal, Flag of South Africa - Heraldic description Read more here: » Flag of South Africa: Encyclopedia II - Flag of South Africa - History |
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