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History of Afghanistan | A Wisdom Archive on History of Afghanistan | | History of Afghanistan A selection of articles related to History of Afghanistan | |
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History of Afghanistan
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO History of Afghanistan | | | |  History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Since 1991From 1988 to 1992 a free press and multiparty system developed in the Central Asian republics as perestroika pressured the local Communist parties to open up. What Svat Soucek calls the "Central Asian Spring" was very short-lived, as soon after independence former Communist Party officials recast themselves as local strongmen.[3] In no state has repression been as great as it was in Soviet times, but none of the new republics could be considered functiona ...
See also:History of Central Asia, History of Central Asia - Prehistory, History of Central Asia - External influences, History of Central Asia - Return of indigenous rule, History of Central Asia - Conquest of the steppes, History of Central Asia - Foreign control of Turkestan, History of Central Asia - Russia's Campaigns, History of Central Asia - Chinese Influence, History of Central Asia - Revolution and Revolt, History of Central Asia - Soviet and PRC domination, History of Central Asia - Since 1991, History of Central Asia - Notes, History of Central Asia - References & further reading Read more here: » History of Central Asia: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Since 1991 |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Soviet and PRC domination In 1918 the Bolsheviks set up the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, and Bukhara and Khiva also became SSRs. In 1919 the Conciliatory Commission for Turkestan Affairs was established, to try to improve relations between the locals and the Communists. New policies were introduced, respecting local customs and religion. In 1920 the Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, covering modern Kazakhstan, was set up. It was renamed the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1925. In 1924, the Soviets created the Uzbek SSR and the Turkmen SSR. In 1929 the Tajik SSR was split fro ...
See also:History of Central Asia, History of Central Asia - Prehistory, History of Central Asia - External influences, History of Central Asia - Return of indigenous rule, History of Central Asia - Conquest of the steppes, History of Central Asia - Foreign control of Turkestan, History of Central Asia - Russia's Campaigns, History of Central Asia - Chinese Influence, History of Central Asia - Revolution and Revolt, History of Central Asia - Soviet and PRC domination, History of Central Asia - Since 1991, History of Central Asia - Notes, History of Central Asia - References & further reading Read more here: » History of Central Asia: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Soviet and PRC domination |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Foreign control of Turkestan
History of Central Asia - Russia's Campaigns.
The forces of the khanates were poorly-eqipped, and could do little to resist the advance of the Tsars' armies, although the Kokandian commander Alimqul led a quixotic campaign before being killed outside Chimkent. The main opposition to Russian expansion into Turkestan came from the British, who felt that Russia was growing too powerful, and threatening the North-West frontiers of British India. This rivalry came to be known as The Great Game, where both powers compe ...
See also:History of Central Asia, History of Central Asia - Prehistory, History of Central Asia - External influences, History of Central Asia - Return of indigenous rule, History of Central Asia - Conquest of the steppes, History of Central Asia - Foreign control of Turkestan, History of Central Asia - Russia's Campaigns, History of Central Asia - Chinese Influence, History of Central Asia - Revolution and Revolt, History of Central Asia - Soviet and PRC domination, History of Central Asia - Since 1991, History of Central Asia - Notes, History of Central Asia - References & further reading Read more here: » History of Central Asia: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Foreign control of Turkestan |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Conquest of the steppes The lifestyle that had existed largely unchanged since 500 BC began to disappear after 1500. An important change in the world economy in the fourteenth and fifteenth century was brought about by the development of nautical technology. Ocean trade routes were pioneered by the Europeans, who were cut off from the Silk Road by the Muslim states that controlled its western termini. The trade between East Asia, India, Europe, and the Middle East began to move over the seas and not through Central Asia. The disunity of the region after the end of the Mongol Empire also made trade and t ...
See also:History of Central Asia, History of Central Asia - Prehistory, History of Central Asia - External influences, History of Central Asia - Return of indigenous rule, History of Central Asia - Conquest of the steppes, History of Central Asia - Foreign control of Turkestan, History of Central Asia - Russia's Campaigns, History of Central Asia - Chinese Influence, History of Central Asia - Revolution and Revolt, History of Central Asia - Soviet and PRC domination, History of Central Asia - Since 1991, History of Central Asia - Notes, History of Central Asia - References & further reading Read more here: » History of Central Asia: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Conquest of the steppes |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - Politics See also : List of political parties in Pakistan, Foreign relations of Pakistan, Constitution of Pakistan, Government of Pakistan, Elections in Pakistan
Pakistan - Political history.
Pakistan has been ruled by both democratic and military governments. The first decade was marred with political unrest and instability resulting in frequent collapses of civilian democratic governments. From 1947 to 1958 as many as seven Prime Ministers of Pakistan either resigned or were ouste ...
See also:Pakistan, Pakistan - History, Pakistan - Ancient History, Pakistan - Arrival of Islam, Pakistan - British rule, Pakistan - Post-independence, Pakistan - Politics, Pakistan - Political history, Pakistan - Foreign relations, Pakistan - Provinces and Territories, Pakistan - Geography, Pakistan - Tourism, Pakistan - Economy, Pakistan - Overview, Pakistan - Demographics, Pakistan - Population Statistics, Pakistan - Religion, Pakistan - Languages, Pakistan - Ethnic groups, Pakistan - Society and culture, Pakistan - Roots, Pakistan - Media, Pakistan - Globalization, Pakistan - Mercantile culture Read more here: » Pakistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - Politics |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - Provinces and Territories See also : Main article: Subdivisions of Pakistan, Districts of Pakistan.
Pakistan comprises four provinces, two territories, and also administers parts of Kashmir. The provinces are further subdivided into a total of 105 districts.
Provinces:
Balochistan
North West Frontier Province
Punjab
Sindh
Two provinces, NWFP and Balochistan, also have Provincially Administered Tribal Areas (PATA) which are e ...
See also:Pakistan, Pakistan - History, Pakistan - Ancient History, Pakistan - Arrival of Islam, Pakistan - British rule, Pakistan - Post-independence, Pakistan - Politics, Pakistan - Political history, Pakistan - Foreign relations, Pakistan - Provinces and Territories, Pakistan - Geography, Pakistan - Tourism, Pakistan - Economy, Pakistan - Overview, Pakistan - Demographics, Pakistan - Population Statistics, Pakistan - Religion, Pakistan - Languages, Pakistan - Ethnic groups, Pakistan - Society and culture, Pakistan - Roots, Pakistan - Media, Pakistan - Globalization, Pakistan - Mercantile culture Read more here: » Pakistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - Provinces and Territories |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - Demographics
Pakistan - Population Statistics.
Pakistan has the world's sixth largest population, more than Russia, but less than Brazil; because of Pakistan's high growth rate, it is expected to overtake Brazil in population in the year 2020. Population projections for Pakistan are relatively difficult because of the apparent differences in the accuracy of each census and the inconsistencies between various surveys related to fertility rate, however it is likely that the rate of growth peaked in 1980s (Feeney and Alam, 2003, ...
See also:Pakistan, Pakistan - History, Pakistan - Ancient History, Pakistan - Arrival of Islam, Pakistan - British rule, Pakistan - Post-independence, Pakistan - Politics, Pakistan - Political history, Pakistan - Foreign relations, Pakistan - Provinces and Territories, Pakistan - Geography, Pakistan - Tourism, Pakistan - Economy, Pakistan - Overview, Pakistan - Demographics, Pakistan - Population Statistics, Pakistan - Religion, Pakistan - Languages, Pakistan - Ethnic groups, Pakistan - Society and culture, Pakistan - Roots, Pakistan - Media, Pakistan - Globalization, Pakistan - Mercantile culture Read more here: » Pakistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - Demographics |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - Economy
Pakistan - Overview.
Pakistan, a developing country, is the sixth most populous in the world and has faced a number of challenges on the political and economic fronts. Although a very poor country when it became independent in 1947, in the 1960s Harvard economists proclaimed it to be a model of economic development. In each of its first four decades, Pakistan's economic growth rate was better than the global average, but imprudent policies led to a slowdown in the late 1990s.
Since then, the Pakistani gove ...
See also:Pakistan, Pakistan - History, Pakistan - Ancient History, Pakistan - Arrival of Islam, Pakistan - British rule, Pakistan - Post-independence, Pakistan - Politics, Pakistan - Political history, Pakistan - Foreign relations, Pakistan - Provinces and Territories, Pakistan - Geography, Pakistan - Tourism, Pakistan - Economy, Pakistan - Overview, Pakistan - Demographics, Pakistan - Population Statistics, Pakistan - Religion, Pakistan - Languages, Pakistan - Ethnic groups, Pakistan - Society and culture, Pakistan - Roots, Pakistan - Media, Pakistan - Globalization, Pakistan - Mercantile culture Read more here: » Pakistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - Economy |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - Tourism Pakistan's culture, people and landscape are very diverse. Pakistanis pride themselves on their tradition of hospitality "Mehman-nawazi" to guests. Tourism is a growth industry in Pakistan. Pakistan has in the past been invaded and occupied by many different peoples, including Huns, Persians, Arabs, Turks, Mongols and various Eurasian groups, all of which left differences in culture among the various ethnic groups in matters such as dress, food, and religion. Pakistan also contains the ruins of ancient places such as Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Kot Diji, Thatta, Bhamb ...
See also:Pakistan, Pakistan - History, Pakistan - Ancient History, Pakistan - Arrival of Islam, Pakistan - British rule, Pakistan - Post-independence, Pakistan - Politics, Pakistan - Political history, Pakistan - Foreign relations, Pakistan - Provinces and Territories, Pakistan - Geography, Pakistan - Tourism, Pakistan - Economy, Pakistan - Overview, Pakistan - Demographics, Pakistan - Population Statistics, Pakistan - Religion, Pakistan - Languages, Pakistan - Ethnic groups, Pakistan - Society and culture, Pakistan - Roots, Pakistan - Media, Pakistan - Globalization, Pakistan - Mercantile culture Read more here: » Pakistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - Tourism |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - Geography Pakistan has a total area of 803,940 square kilometres (land area of 778,720 km²), approximately the combined land areas of France and the United Kingdom.
To Pakistan's east is India, which has a 2,912 km (1,809 mile) border with Pakistan. To the west is Iran, which has a 909 km (565 mile) border with Pakistan. To Pakistan's northwest lies Afghanistan, with a shared border of 2,430 km (1,510 miles). China is towards the northeast and has a 523 km (325 mile) border with Pakistan. To the south is the Arabian Sea, with 1,046 km (650 mil ...
See also:Pakistan, Pakistan - History, Pakistan - Ancient History, Pakistan - Arrival of Islam, Pakistan - British rule, Pakistan - Post-independence, Pakistan - Politics, Pakistan - Political history, Pakistan - Foreign relations, Pakistan - Provinces and Territories, Pakistan - Geography, Pakistan - Tourism, Pakistan - Economy, Pakistan - Overview, Pakistan - Demographics, Pakistan - Population Statistics, Pakistan - Religion, Pakistan - Languages, Pakistan - Ethnic groups, Pakistan - Society and culture, Pakistan - Roots, Pakistan - Media, Pakistan - Globalization, Pakistan - Mercantile culture Read more here: » Pakistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - Geography |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Return of indigenous rule Over time, as new technologies were introduced, the nomadic horsemen grew in power. The Scythians developed the saddle, and by the time of the Alans the use of the stirrup had begun. Horses continued to grow larger and sturdier so that chariots were no longer needed as the horses could carry men with ease. This greatly increased the mobility of the nomads; it also freed their hands, allowing them to use the bow from horseback. Using small but powerful composite bows, the steppe people gradually became the most powerful military force in the ...
See also:History of Central Asia, History of Central Asia - Prehistory, History of Central Asia - External influences, History of Central Asia - Return of indigenous rule, History of Central Asia - Conquest of the steppes, History of Central Asia - Foreign control of Turkestan, History of Central Asia - Russia's Campaigns, History of Central Asia - Chinese Influence, History of Central Asia - Revolution and Revolt, History of Central Asia - Soviet and PRC domination, History of Central Asia - Since 1991, History of Central Asia - Notes, History of Central Asia - References & further reading Read more here: » History of Central Asia: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Return of indigenous rule |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - European influence in Afghanistan - The Second Anglo-Afghan War After months of chaos in Kabul, Mohammad Akbar Khan secured local control and in April 1843 his father, Dost Mohammad, returned to the throne in Afghanistan. Mohammad Akbar died in 1845. During the Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-49), his last effort to take Peshawar failed.
By 1854 the British wanted to resume relations with Dost Mohammad, whom they had essentially ignored in the intervening twelve years. The 1855 Treaty of Peshawar reopened diplomatic relations, proclaimed respect for each side's territorial integrity, and pledged b ...
See also:European influence in Afghanistan, European influence in Afghanistan - The Rise of Dost Mohammad, European influence in Afghanistan - The Great Game, European influence in Afghanistan - The First Anglo-Afghan War, European influence in Afghanistan - The Second Anglo-Afghan War, European influence in Afghanistan - The Iron Amir 1880-1901, European influence in Afghanistan - Habibullah Khan 1901-1919, European influence in Afghanistan - Amanullah Khan 1919-1929, European influence in Afghanistan - Third Anglo-Afghan War and Independence Read more here: » European influence in Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - European influence in Afghanistan - The Second Anglo-Afghan War |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Allegations of human rights abuses The Dasht-i-Leili massacre allegedly occurred in December, 2001, when a number (disputed to be between 250 and 3,000) of Taliban prisoners were shot or suffocated to death in metal truck containers while being transferred by U.S. and Northern Alliance soldiers from Kunduz to Sheberghan prison in northern Afghanistan [10]. These claims are disputed by journalist Robert Young Pelton, who was present at the time of the incident [11].
There are allegations that coalition soldiers tortured prisoners in interrogations; many co ...
See also:U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Background, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Military operations, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Initial attack, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Taliban retreat, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Operation Anaconda, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Post-Anaconda operations, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Renewed Taliban insurgency, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Psychological Warfare, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Nature of the coalition, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Casualties of the invasion, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Diplomatic efforts, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Humanitarian efforts, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Allegations of human rights abuses, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Protests demonstrations and rallies, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Disputable information and rumors, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Slogans and terms, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - 2001 U.S. Attack on Afghanistan -- Timeline, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Footnotes, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - External link Read more here: » U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Allegations of human rights abuses |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Nature of the coalition The first wave of attacks was carried out solely by American and British forces. On the second day, only American forces participated. In addition to the United Kingdom, a number of other countries provided support. Although undoubtedly of practical value, in some cases it is generally seen as primarily a moral statement. In rough order of level of contribution, these were:
Canada (Operation Apollo): about 2,500 troops, six ships and six aircraft. Since 9/11, more than 15,000 Canadian personnel have served in Afghanistan and the ...
See also:U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Background, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Military operations, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Initial attack, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Taliban retreat, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Operation Anaconda, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Post-Anaconda operations, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Renewed Taliban insurgency, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Psychological Warfare, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Nature of the coalition, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Casualties of the invasion, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Diplomatic efforts, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Humanitarian efforts, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Allegations of human rights abuses, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Protests demonstrations and rallies, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Disputable information and rumors, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Slogans and terms, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - 2001 U.S. Attack on Afghanistan -- Timeline, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Footnotes, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - External link Read more here: » U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Nature of the coalition |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Background Since approximately 1996, Osama bin Laden had been resident in Afghanistan along with other members of al-Qaeda, operating terrorist training camps in a loose alliance with the Taliban. Following the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Africa, the Clinton administration fired cruise missiles at these camps with limited effect on their overall operations. After the September 11th attacks, investigators rapidly accumulated evidence implicating bin Laden.
In the weeks prior to the military action in Afghanistan, US President George W. Bush del ...
See also:U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Background, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Military operations, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Initial attack, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Taliban retreat, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Operation Anaconda, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Post-Anaconda operations, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Renewed Taliban insurgency, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Psychological Warfare, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Nature of the coalition, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Casualties of the invasion, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Diplomatic efforts, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Humanitarian efforts, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Allegations of human rights abuses, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Protests demonstrations and rallies, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Disputable information and rumors, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Slogans and terms, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - 2001 U.S. Attack on Afghanistan -- Timeline, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Footnotes, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - External link Read more here: » U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Background |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Protests demonstrations and rallies Main article: Protests against the invasion of Afghanistan
Several small protests occurred in various cities and college campuses across the United States and in other countries in the first days after the start of the bombing campaign. These were mainly peaceful but larger protests and general strikes occurred in Pakistan, a previous Taliban ally. Some of these were suppressed by police with casualties among the protesters. In both Islamic and non-Islamic nations, ...
See also:U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Background, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Military operations, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Initial attack, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Taliban retreat, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Operation Anaconda, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Post-Anaconda operations, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Renewed Taliban insurgency, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Psychological Warfare, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Nature of the coalition, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Casualties of the invasion, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Diplomatic efforts, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Humanitarian efforts, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Allegations of human rights abuses, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Protests demonstrations and rallies, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Disputable information and rumors, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Slogans and terms, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - 2001 U.S. Attack on Afghanistan -- Timeline, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Footnotes, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - External link Read more here: » U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Protests demonstrations and rallies |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Durrani Empire - Reign of Timur Shah 1772-1793 Timur Shah had 24 sons, several of whom became kings.
Ahmad Shah's successors governed so ineptly during a period of profound unrest that within fifty years of his death, Afghanistan was embroiled in a civil war. Many of the territories conquered with the help of Ahmad Shah's military skill fell to others in this half century. By 1818 the Sadozai rulers who succeeded Ahmad Shah controlled little more than Kabul and the surrounding territory within a 160-kilometer radius. They not only lost the outlying territories but also ...
See also:Durrani Empire, Durrani Empire - Reign of Ahmad Shah 1747-1772, Durrani Empire - Reign of Timur Shah 1772-1793, Durrani Empire - Reign of Zaman Shah 1793-1801, Durrani Empire - First Reign of Mahmud Shah 1801-1803, Durrani Empire - Reign of Shuja Shah 1803-1809, Durrani Empire - Second Reign of Mahmud Shah 1809-1818, Durrani Empire - Reign of Sultan Ali Shah 1818-1819, Durrani Empire - Reign of Ayub Shah 1819-1823 Read more here: » Durrani Empire: Encyclopedia II - Durrani Empire - Reign of Timur Shah 1772-1793 |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - List of leaders of Afghanistan - Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
List of leaders of Afghanistan - President.
Hamid Karzai - (December 7, 2004-) the duly-elected president
...
See also:List of leaders of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The First Afghan State in Qandahar, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Turkmen Rule, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The Emirate of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Durrani Dynasty, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Barakzai Dynasty, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Durrani Dynasty restored, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Barakzai Dynasty restored, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Last Emirs, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The Kingdom of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Barakzai Dynasty, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Usurping King, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Barakzai Dynasty restored, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The 1st Republic of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Dictatorship, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The Communist State Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The 2nd Republic of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The Taliban State Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The 2nd Republic of Afghanistan Restored, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Transitional State of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - President, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Prime Ministers of Afghanistan Read more here: » List of leaders of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - List of leaders of Afghanistan - Islamic Republic of Afghanistan |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - List of leaders of Afghanistan - The Taliban State Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan Head of State (Amir-UL-Momineen)Leader of The Faitfuls
Mullah Mohammad Omar Mujahid (September 27, 1996 - November 13, 2001), Spiritual leader of ruling Taliban
Heads of the Taliban Supreme Council
Mullah Mohammad Rabbani (September 27, 1996 - April 16, 2001)
Mawlawi Abdul Kabir (April 16, 2001 - November 13, 2001)
...
See also:List of leaders of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The First Afghan State in Qandahar, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Turkmen Rule, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The Emirate of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Durrani Dynasty, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Barakzai Dynasty, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Durrani Dynasty restored, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Barakzai Dynasty restored, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Last Emirs, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The Kingdom of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Barakzai Dynasty, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Usurping King, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Barakzai Dynasty restored, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The 1st Republic of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Dictatorship, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The Communist State Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The 2nd Republic of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The Taliban State Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The 2nd Republic of Afghanistan Restored, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Transitional State of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - President, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Prime Ministers of Afghanistan Read more here: » List of leaders of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - List of leaders of Afghanistan - The Taliban State Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - List of leaders of Afghanistan - The Kingdom of Afghanistan
List of leaders of Afghanistan - Barakzai Dynasty.
King Habibullah Khan (October 3, 1901 - February 20, 1919) (assassinated)
King Amanullah Shah (February 28, 1919/June 9, 1926 - January 14, 1929) (abdicated in coup d'état)
King Inayatullah Shah (January 14, 1929 - January 17, 1929)
List of leaders of Afghanistan - Usurping King.
King Ha ...
See also:List of leaders of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The First Afghan State in Qandahar, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Turkmen Rule, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The Emirate of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Durrani Dynasty, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Barakzai Dynasty, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Durrani Dynasty restored, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Barakzai Dynasty restored, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Last Emirs, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The Kingdom of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Barakzai Dynasty, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Usurping King, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Barakzai Dynasty restored, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The 1st Republic of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Dictatorship, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The Communist State Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The 2nd Republic of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The Taliban State Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The 2nd Republic of Afghanistan Restored, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Transitional State of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - President, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Prime Ministers of Afghanistan Read more here: » List of leaders of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - List of leaders of Afghanistan - The Kingdom of Afghanistan |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Afghanistan - Economy Main article: Economy of Afghanistan
Although Afghanistan has significant amounts of natural resources, it is a poor country, highly dependent on farming and livestock production/animal husbandry. Two-thirds of the population lives on less than US$2 a day. The economy has suffered greatly from the recent political and military unrest since the 1979-80 Soviet invasion and subsequent conflicts, while severe drought added to ...
See also:Afghanistan, Afghanistan - Origin and history of the name, Afghanistan - History, Afghanistan - Politics, Afghanistan - Subdivisions, Afghanistan - Geography, Afghanistan - Economy, Afghanistan - Economy References, Afghanistan - Demographics, Afghanistan - Constitution, Afghanistan - Culture, Afghanistan - Education, Afghanistan - Additional references Read more here: » Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Afghanistan - Economy |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Gandhara - Gandharan art Gandhāra is noted for the distinctive Gandhāra style of Buddhist art, a consequence of the Greco-Buddhist syncretism which fused Indian influences with Hellenistic influences during the centuries following Alexander the Great's conquest of Central Asia in 334 BCE. The Gandhāran style flourished beginning in the 1st century CE under the Kushan dynasty until the invasion of the White Huns in the 5th century.
See also: Greco-Buddhist art
Female spouted figure, terracotta, ...
See also:Gandhara, Gandhara - Geography, Gandhara - Ancient Gandhara, Gandhara - Persian rule, Gandhara - Gandhara under the Mauryas, Gandhara - Gandhara under Greek rule, Gandhara - Language, Gandhara - Gandharan proselytism, Gandhara - Gandharan art, Gandhara - Timeline, Gandhara - External link Read more here: » Gandhara: Encyclopedia II - Gandhara - Gandharan art |
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