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History of Afghanistan | A Wisdom Archive on History of Afghanistan | | History of Afghanistan A selection of articles related to History of Afghanistan | |
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History of Afghanistan
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO History of Afghanistan | | | |  History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Military operations
U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Initial attack.
Prior to October 7, U.S. and British Special Forces clandestinely infiltrated Afghanistan to make contact with the Northern Alliance to organize those forces to over throw the Taliban. There were explosions in Kabul within a day of September 11, although these were minor rocket attacks by the Northern Alliance.
At approximately 16:30 UTC (12:30 EDT, 21:00 local time) on Sunday October 7, 2001, US and British forces began an aerial bombing campaign targeting Ta ...
See also:U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Background, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Military operations, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Initial attack, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Taliban retreat, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Operation Anaconda, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Post-Anaconda operations, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Renewed Taliban insurgency, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Psychological Warfare, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Nature of the coalition, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Casualties of the invasion, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Diplomatic efforts, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Humanitarian efforts, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Allegations of human rights abuses, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Protests demonstrations and rallies, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Disputable information and rumors, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Slogans and terms, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - 2001 U.S. Attack on Afghanistan -- Timeline, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Footnotes, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - External link Read more here: » U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Military operations |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Prehistory Recent genetic studies have concluded that humans arrived in the region around 40,000 to 50,000 years ago, making the region one of the oldest sites of human habitation. The archaeological evidence of population in this region is sparse, however, whereas evidence of human habitation in Africa and Australia prior to that of Central Asia is well-known. Some studies have also identified this region as the likeliest source of the populations who later inhabited Europe, Siberia, and North America.[1] The region is also often considered to be ...
See also:History of Central Asia, History of Central Asia - Prehistory, History of Central Asia - External influences, History of Central Asia - Return of indigenous rule, History of Central Asia - Conquest of the steppes, History of Central Asia - Foreign control of Turkestan, History of Central Asia - Russia's Campaigns, History of Central Asia - Chinese Influence, History of Central Asia - Revolution and Revolt, History of Central Asia - Soviet and PRC domination, History of Central Asia - Since 1991, History of Central Asia - Notes, History of Central Asia - References & further reading Read more here: » History of Central Asia: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - Prehistory |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - History Related articles: History of Afghanistan, History of Iran, History of Tajikistan, History of South Asia, History of Central Asia, History of India.
As one of the cradles of human civilisation, the Pakistani region has long been at the crossroads of history. It was the birthplace of some of the most ancient civilisations and a strategic centre of historic trade routes, including the Silk Road. Pakistan was the site of much of the Indus Valley Civilisation and was subsequently occupied by many groups, including Dravidians, ...
See also:Pakistan, Pakistan - History, Pakistan - Ancient History, Pakistan - Arrival of Islam, Pakistan - British rule, Pakistan - Post-independence, Pakistan - Politics, Pakistan - Political history, Pakistan - Foreign relations, Pakistan - Provinces and Territories, Pakistan - Geography, Pakistan - Tourism, Pakistan - Economy, Pakistan - Overview, Pakistan - Demographics, Pakistan - Population Statistics, Pakistan - Religion, Pakistan - Languages, Pakistan - Ethnic groups, Pakistan - Society and culture, Pakistan - Roots, Pakistan - Media, Pakistan - Globalization, Pakistan - Mercantile culture Read more here: » Pakistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - History |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - History See main article for detailed information: History of Pakistan (Including pre-history, civilizations of the region, and modern events to date)
Related articles: History of Afghanistan, History of Iran, History of Tajikistan, History of Central Asia, History of South Asia, History of India.
Pakistan is the birthplace of some of the most ancient civilizations and a strategic center of historic trade routes, including the Silk Road. It exists in a region whose history has overlapped that of many empires (e.g M ...
See also:Pakistan, Pakistan - History, Pakistan - Ancient History, Pakistan - Arrival of Islam, Pakistan - Pre-colonial History, Pakistan - British rule, Pakistan - Independence and After, Pakistan - Politics, Pakistan - Domestic Politics, Pakistan - Foreign Relations, Pakistan - Political History, Pakistan - Geography, Pakistan - Economy, Pakistan - Overview, Pakistan - Macroeconomic Reform and Prospects, Pakistan - Tourism, Pakistan - Demographics, Pakistan - Population Statistics, Pakistan - Religion, Pakistan - Languages, Pakistan - Ethnic Groups, Pakistan - Subdivisions, Pakistan - Society and Culture, Pakistan - Roots, Pakistan - Film Television & Music, Pakistan - Globalization, Pakistan - Sports, Pakistan - Mercantile Culture Read more here: » Pakistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - History |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan since 1992 - The Islamic State of Afghanistan After the Soviets withdrew completely from Afghanistan in February 1989, fighting between the communist backed government and mujahideen continued. With material help from the Soviets, Mohammad Najibullah's government survived, but after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, it was overthrown on April 18, 1992 as the forces of Ahmed Shah Massoud and Abdul Rashid Dostum captured Kabul.
Seeking to resolve these differences, the leaders of the Peshawar-based mujahideen groups established an interim Islamic Jihad Council in mid-April ...
See also:History of Afghanistan since 1992, History of Afghanistan since 1992 - The Islamic State of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan since 1992 - Rise of the Taliban, History of Afghanistan since 1992 - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan since 1992 - Rebuilding Afghanistan Read more here: » History of Afghanistan since 1992: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan since 1992 - The Islamic State of Afghanistan |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - European influence in Afghanistan - The Iron Amir 1880-1901 As far as British interests were concerned, Abdur Rahman answered their prayers: a forceful, intelligent leader capable of welding his divided people into a state; and he was willing to accept limitations to his power imposed by British control of his country's foreign affairs and the British buffer state policy. His twenty-one-year reign was marked by efforts to modernize and establish control of the kingdom, whose boundaries were delineated by the two empires bordering it. Abdur Rahman turned his considerable e ...
See also:European influence in Afghanistan, European influence in Afghanistan - The Rise of Dost Mohammad, European influence in Afghanistan - The Great Game, European influence in Afghanistan - The First Anglo-Afghan War, European influence in Afghanistan - The Second Anglo-Afghan War, European influence in Afghanistan - The Iron Amir 1880-1901, European influence in Afghanistan - Habibullah Khan 1901-1919, European influence in Afghanistan - Amanullah Khan 1919-1929, European influence in Afghanistan - Third Anglo-Afghan War and Independence Read more here: » European influence in Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - European influence in Afghanistan - The Iron Amir 1880-1901 |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - List of unrecognized countries - Historic unrecognized states with de facto control over their territory
List of unrecognized countries - Europe.
Banat Republic (proclaimed in 1918). Now part of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, and Hungary.
Baranya-Baja Republic (proclaimed in 1921). Now part of Hungary and Croatia.
Carpatho-Ukraine (1939). Now part of Ukraine.
Chechnya (1996-1999). Now part of Russia.
Crimea (1992-1995). Now part of Ukraine.
Independent State of Croatia (1941-1945). Between 1945 and 1991, Croatia was a socia ...
See also:List of unrecognized countries, List of unrecognized countries - Unrecognized states with de facto control over their territory, List of unrecognized countries - Partially recognized states with de facto control over their territory, List of unrecognized countries - Partially recognized states largely under military occupation, List of unrecognized countries - Internationally administered territory, List of unrecognized countries - Historic unrecognized states with de facto control over their territory, List of unrecognized countries - Europe, List of unrecognized countries - Asia, List of unrecognized countries - Africa, List of unrecognized countries - America, List of unrecognized countries - Oceania, List of unrecognized countries - Historic unrecognized governments with de facto control over their territory Read more here: » List of unrecognized countries: Encyclopedia II - List of unrecognized countries - Historic unrecognized states with de facto control over their territory |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - List of leaders of Afghanistan - The Emirate of Afghanistan
List of leaders of Afghanistan - Durrani Dynasty.
Emir Ahmad Shah Durrani ('Baba') (October 1747-October 16 (23?) 1772) (died)
Emir Timur Shah Abdali (October 1772-1793)
Emir Zaman Mirza Shah Abdali (1793-1801) (deposed)
Emir Mahmud Shah (1801-1803) (deposed)
Emir Shoja Shah (1803-1809) (deposed)
Emir Mahmud Shah (1809-1818) (deposed & exiled)
Emir Sultan Ali Shah ( ...
See also:List of leaders of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The First Afghan State in Qandahar, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Turkmen Rule, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The Emirate of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Durrani Dynasty, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Barakzai Dynasty, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Durrani Dynasty restored, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Barakzai Dynasty restored, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Last Emirs, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The Kingdom of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Barakzai Dynasty, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Usurping King, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Barakzai Dynasty restored, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The 1st Republic of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Dictatorship, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The Communist State Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The 2nd Republic of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The Taliban State Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - The 2nd Republic of Afghanistan Restored, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Transitional State of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, List of leaders of Afghanistan - President, List of leaders of Afghanistan - Prime Ministers of Afghanistan Read more here: » List of leaders of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - List of leaders of Afghanistan - The Emirate of Afghanistan |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - 2003 Loya jirga - Election of chairman controversy The Loya jirga convened beneath a large tent on the grounds of a Soviet-built university. In the opening ceremonies of 14 December, former king Mohammad Zahir Shah addressed the assembly after a dozen children in diverse ethnic outfits, waved Afghan flags, and sang songs of peace, which included verses such as "We are doves, waiting for peace, we are tired of fighting." Later that day in a second vote, Mojadedi was elected the chairman by a majority vote of 252. Hafiz Man ...
See also:2003 Loya jirga, 2003 Loya jirga - Issues addressed, 2003 Loya jirga - Election of chairman controversy, 2003 Loya jirga - Process dissatisfaction, 2003 Loya jirga - Delegate selection, 2003 Loya jirga - Delegates an incomplete list of the delegates, 2003 Loya jirga - External link Read more here: » 2003 Loya jirga: Encyclopedia II - 2003 Loya jirga - Election of chairman controversy |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Afghanistan - History Main article: History of Afghanistan
Afghanistan exists at a unique nexus-point where numerous Eurasian civilizations have interacted and often fought and was an important site of early historical activity. Through the ages, the region today known as Afghanistan has been invaded by a host of peoples, including the Aryans, Medes, Persians, Greeks, Mauryans, Kushans, Sassanians, Arabs, Turks, British, and Soviets, but rarely have these groups managed to exert complete control over the region. On other occasions, native Afghan entities have invaded surroundin ...
See also:Afghanistan, Afghanistan - Origin and history of the name, Afghanistan - History, Afghanistan - Politics, Afghanistan - Subdivisions, Afghanistan - Geography, Afghanistan - Economy, Afghanistan - Economy References, Afghanistan - Demographics, Afghanistan - Constitution, Afghanistan - Culture, Afghanistan - Education, Afghanistan - Additional references Read more here: » Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Afghanistan - History |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah - Reign of Mohammed Nadir Shah 1929-1933 Mohammed Nadir Shah quickly abolished most of Amanullah Khan's reforms, but despite his efforts to rebuild an army that had just been engaged in suppressing a rebellion, the forces remained weak while the religious and tribal leaders grew strong. In 1930, there were uprisings by the Shinwari Pashtuns as well as by a Tajik leader. The same year, a Soviet force crossed the border in pursuit of an Uzbek leader whose forces had been harassing the Soviets from his sanctuary in Afghanistan. He was driven back to the Soviet ...
See also:Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah, Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah - Reign of Mohammed Nadir Shah 1929-1933, Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah - Reign of Mohammed Zahir Shah 1933-1973, Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah - Zahir Shah and His Uncles 1933-1953, Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah - The Pashtunistan Issue, Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah - Early Links with the Soviet Union, Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah - Experiment with Liberalized Politics, Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah - Daoud as Prime Minister 1953-1963, Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah - The King Reigns: The Last Decade of the Monarchy 1963-1973 Read more here: » Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah: Encyclopedia II - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah - Reign of Mohammed Nadir Shah 1929-1933 |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - List of unrecognized countries - Historic unrecognized or partially recognized states with de facto control over their territory
List of unrecognized countries - Europe.
Banat Republic (proclaimed in 1918). Now part of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, and Hungary.
Baranya-Baja Republic (proclaimed in 1921). Now part of Hungary and Croatia.
Carpatho-Ukraine (1939). Now part of Ukraine.
Chechnya (1996-1999). Now part of Russia.
Crimea (1992-1995). Now part of Ukraine.
Independent State of Croatia (1941-1945). Between 1945 and 1991, Croatia was a socia ...
See also:List of unrecognized countries, List of unrecognized countries - Partially recognized states with de facto control over their territory, List of unrecognized countries - Unrecognized states with de facto control over their territory, List of unrecognized countries - Partially recognized states largely under military occupation, List of unrecognized countries - Internationally administered territory, List of unrecognized countries - Historic unrecognized or partially recognized states with de facto control over their territory, List of unrecognized countries - Europe, List of unrecognized countries - Asia, List of unrecognized countries - Africa, List of unrecognized countries - America, List of unrecognized countries - Oceania, List of unrecognized countries - Historic unrecognized or partially recognized governments with de facto control over their territory Read more here: » List of unrecognized countries: Encyclopedia II - List of unrecognized countries - Historic unrecognized or partially recognized states with de facto control over their territory |
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| | | | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Osama bin Laden - Military and terrorist activity
Osama bin Laden - Afghan Jihad.
His wealth and connections permitted him to pursue his interest in supporting the mujahideen, Muslim guerrillas fighting the Soviet Union in Afghanistan following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. (See: the History of Afghanistan.) By 1984 he had established an organization named Maktab al-Khadamat (MAK) (Office of Order in English), which funneled money, ...
See also:Osama bin Laden, Osama bin Laden - Background, Osama bin Laden - Family and childhood, Osama bin Laden - Turn towards extremism, Osama bin Laden - Appearance and manner, Osama bin Laden - Names, Osama bin Laden - Military and terrorist activity, Osama bin Laden - Afghan Jihad, Osama bin Laden - Formation of al-Qaeda, Osama bin Laden - Refuge in Afghanistan, Osama bin Laden - Attacks on United States targets, Osama bin Laden - September 11, Osama bin Laden - Whereabouts Read more here: » Osama bin Laden: Encyclopedia II - Osama bin Laden - Military and terrorist activity |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Protests, demonstrations and rallies Main article: Protests against the invasion of Afghanistan
Several small protests occurred in various cities and college campuses across the United States and in other countries in the first days after the start of the bombing campaign. These were mainly peaceful but larger protests and general strikes occurred in Pakistan, a previous Taliban ally. Some of these were suppressed by police with casualties among the protesters. In both Islamic and non-Islamic nations ...
See also:U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Background, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Military operations, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Initial attack, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Taliban retreat, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Operation Anaconda, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Post-Anaconda operations, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Renewed Taliban insurgency, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Psychological Warfare, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Nature of the coalition, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Casualties of the invasion, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Diplomatic efforts, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Humanitarian efforts, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Allegations of human rights abuses, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Protests, demonstrations and rallies, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Disputable information and rumors, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Slogans and terms, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - 2001 U.S. Attack on Afghanistan -- Timeline, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Footnotes, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - External link Read more here: » U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Protests, demonstrations and rallies |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - External influences In the first and second millennia BC a series of large and powerful states developed on the southern periphery of Central Asia. These empires launched several attempts to conquer the steppe peoples, but met with only mixed success. The Median Empire and Achaemenid Empire both ruled parts of Central Asia. Chinese states would also regularly strive to extend their power westwards. Despite their military might, these states found it almost impossible to conquer the nomads. When faced by a stronger force the nomads could simply retreat deep into ...
See also:History of Central Asia, History of Central Asia - Prehistory, History of Central Asia - External influences, History of Central Asia - Return of indigenous rule, History of Central Asia - Conquest of the steppes, History of Central Asia - Foreign control of Turkestan, History of Central Asia - Russia's Campaigns, History of Central Asia - Chinese Influence, History of Central Asia - Revolution and Revolt, History of Central Asia - Soviet and PRC domination, History of Central Asia - Since 1991, History of Central Asia - Notes, History of Central Asia - References & further reading Read more here: » History of Central Asia: Encyclopedia II - History of Central Asia - External influences |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Gandhara - Gandhara under Graeco Bactrians Sakas and Indo-Parthinas The decline of the Empire left the sub-continent open to Greco-Bactrian expansion. Southern Afghanistan was absorbed by Demetrius of Bactria in 180 BCE. Round about 185BC, Demetrius, King of Bactria invaded and conquered Gandhara and the Punjab. Later, wars between different groups of Greek settlers of Bactria, resulted independence of Gandhara from Bactria. Menander was the most famous king. He ruled from Taxila and later from Sagala (Sialkot). He rebuilt Taxila (Sirkup) and Pushkalavati. He became Buddhist and remembered in Buddhists records ...
See also:Gandhara, Gandhara - Geography, Gandhara - Ancient Gandhara, Gandhara - Pre Historic Period, Gandhara - Pushkalavati & Prayag, Gandhara - City of Taxila, Gandhara - Persian rule, Gandhara - Gandhara under the Mauryas, Gandhara - Gandhara under Graeco Bactrians Sakas and Indo-Parthinas, Gandhara - The Golden Age of Kushans Rule, Gandhara - Gandhara after Huns Invasion, Gandhara - Gandhara under Turkshahi & Hindushahi, Gandhara - End of Gandhara, Gandhara - Language, Gandhara - Gandharan proselytism, Gandhara - Gandharan art, Gandhara - Timeline, Gandhara - External link Read more here: » Gandhara: Encyclopedia II - Gandhara - Gandhara under Graeco Bactrians Sakas and Indo-Parthinas |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Gandhara - Persian rule Cyrus the Great (558-530 BCE) built first universal empire of the world stretching from Greece to the Indus River. Both Gandhara and Kamboja soon fell a prey to the Achaemenian Dynasty of Persia during the reign of Cyrus the Great or in the first year of Darius I. The Gandhara and Kamboja had constituted the seventh satrapys(upper Indus) of the Achaemenid Empire.
When Achamenian took control of this kingdom, Pushkra-sakti a contemporary of king Bimbisara of Magadhawas the king of Gandhara. He was in power struggle ...
See also:Gandhara, Gandhara - Geography, Gandhara - Ancient Gandhara, Gandhara - Pre Historic Period, Gandhara - Pushkalavati & Prayag, Gandhara - City of Taxila, Gandhara - Persian rule, Gandhara - Gandhara under the Mauryas, Gandhara - Gandhara under Graeco Bactrians Sakas and Indo-Parthinas, Gandhara - The Golden Age of Kushans Rule, Gandhara - Gandhara after Huns Invasion, Gandhara - Gandhara under Turkshahi & Hindushahi, Gandhara - End of Gandhara, Gandhara - Language, Gandhara - Gandharan proselytism, Gandhara - Gandharan art, Gandhara - Timeline, Gandhara - External link Read more here: » Gandhara: Encyclopedia II - Gandhara - Persian rule |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Gandhara - Geography The Gandharas were settled since the Vedic times on the south bank of Kabul River (river Kubha or Kabol) up to its mouth into Indus itself. Later the Gandhras crossed the Indus and invaded into parts of north-west Punjab of Pakistan. Gandhara was located on the grand northern high road (Uttarapatha) and was a centre of international commercial activities. It was an important channel of communicati ...
See also:Gandhara, Gandhara - Geography, Gandhara - Ancient Gandhara, Gandhara - Pre Historic Period, Gandhara - Pushkalavati & Prayag, Gandhara - City of Taxila, Gandhara - Persian rule, Gandhara - Gandhara under the Mauryas, Gandhara - Gandhara under Graeco Bactrians Sakas and Indo-Parthinas, Gandhara - The Golden Age of Kushans Rule, Gandhara - Gandhara after Huns Invasion, Gandhara - Gandhara under Turkshahi & Hindushahi, Gandhara - End of Gandhara, Gandhara - Language, Gandhara - Gandharan proselytism, Gandhara - Gandharan art, Gandhara - Timeline, Gandhara - External link Read more here: » Gandhara: Encyclopedia II - Gandhara - Geography |
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| | | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Gandhara - The Golden Age of Kushans Rule The Parthian dynasty fell about 75 AD to another horde from Central Asia. Kushans, a Turkish type people known as Yueh-Chih in China moved from Central Asia to Bacteria, where they stayed for a century. Around 75 AD, one of the tribe Kushan under the leadership of Kujula Kadphises gained control of Gandhara and other part of present Pakistan.
Kushan period is considered the Golden Period of Gandhara. Peshawar Valley and Taxila are littered with ruins of stupas and monasteries of this period. Gandhara art flourished and produced some of the best pieces of sculpture of all time. M ...
See also:Gandhara, Gandhara - Geography, Gandhara - Ancient Gandhara, Gandhara - Pre Historic Period, Gandhara - Pushkalavati & Prayag, Gandhara - City of Taxila, Gandhara - Persian rule, Gandhara - Gandhara under the Mauryas, Gandhara - Gandhara under Graeco Bactrians Sakas and Indo-Parthinas, Gandhara - The Golden Age of Kushans Rule, Gandhara - Gandhara after Huns Invasion, Gandhara - Gandhara under Turkshahi & Hindushahi, Gandhara - End of Gandhara, Gandhara - Language, Gandhara - Gandharan proselytism, Gandhara - Gandharan art, Gandhara - Timeline, Gandhara - External link Read more here: » Gandhara: Encyclopedia II - Gandhara - The Golden Age of Kushans Rule |
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