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History of Afghanistan | A Wisdom Archive on History of Afghanistan | | History of Afghanistan A selection of articles related to History of Afghanistan | |
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History of Afghanistan
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ARTICLES RELATED TO History of Afghanistan | | | |  History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - History of AfghanistanAfghanistan's history, internal political development, foreign relations, and very existence as an independent state have largely been determined by its geographic location at the crossroads of Central, West, and South Asia. Over the centuries, waves of migrating peoples passed through the region--described by historian Arnold Toynbee as a "roundabout of the ancient world"--leaving behind a mosaic of ethnic and linguistic groups. In modern times, as well as in antiquity, vast armies of the world passed through this region of Asia, temporarily est ...
See also:History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan before 651, History of Afghanistan - Islamic conquest of Afghanistan 642-1747, History of Afghanistan - The Durrani Empire 1747-1826, History of Afghanistan - European influence in Afghanistan 1826-1919, History of Afghanistan - Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war 1919-1929, History of Afghanistan - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah 1929-1973, History of Afghanistan - Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan 1973-1978, History of Afghanistan - Soviet intervention in Afghanistan 1978-1992, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan 1992 to present Read more here: » History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan |
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| | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia - Abdur Rahman Khan Abdur Rahman Khan (ca. 1844 Kabul, Afghanistan – October 1, 1901), amir of Afghanistan, was the third son of Afzul Khan, who was the eldest son of Dost Mahommed Khan, who had established the Barakzai's family dynasty in Afghanistan.
Abdur Rahman Khan - Background and early career.
Before his death at Herat, on June 9, 1863, Dost Mahommed had nominated as his successor Shir Ali, his third son, passing over the two elder brothers, Afzul Khan and Azim Khan. At first, the new amir was quietly recognize ...
Including:
Read more here: » Abdur Rahman Khan: Encyclopedia - Abdur Rahman Khan |
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| | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Abdur Rahman Khan - Reign At the durbar on July 22, 1880, Abbdur Rahman was officially recognized as amir, granted assistance in arms and money, and promised, in case of unprovoked foreign aggression, such further aid as might be necessary to repel it, provided that he align his foreign policy with the British. The British evacuation of Afghanistan was settled on the terms proposed, and in 1881 the British troops also h ...
See also:Abdur Rahman Khan, Abdur Rahman Khan - Background and early career, Abdur Rahman Khan - Period of exile, Abdur Rahman Khan - Reign Read more here: » Abdur Rahman Khan: Encyclopedia II - Abdur Rahman Khan - Reign |
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| | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Afghan people - History For more information see:History of Afghanistan and Durrani Empire
Afghans as a whole draw their modern national identity from the founding of the Durrani Empire in the mid 1700's. From 1747 until 1823 Ahmad Shah and his sons and grandsons held the monarchy. They were the first Pashtun rulers of Afghanistan, from the Sadozai line of the Abdali (known as the Durrani since Ahmad Shah's reign) group of clans. It was under the leadership of Ahmad Shah that the nation of Afghanistan began to take shape following centuries of fragmentation and exploitation. However each ethnic group has its own unique history ...
See also:Afghan people, Afghan people - History, Afghan people - Pashtun, Afghan people - Tajik, Afghan people - Hazara, Afghan people - Uzbek, Afghan people - Turkmen, Afghan people - Baluch, Afghan people - Nuristani, Afghan people - Culture, Afghan people - Contributions to Humanity, Afghan people - Language, Afghan people - Religion, Afghan people - Symbols, Afghan people - Identity Read more here: » Afghan people: Encyclopedia II - Afghan people - History |
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| | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia - Afghanistan
Afghanistan (Pashtu/Dari-Persian: افغانستان, Afğānistān) is a country at the crossroads of Asia. Usually placed in Central Asia geographically, Afghanistan is also sometimes categorized within South Asia and the Middle East, as it has either cultural, ethno-linguistic, and/or geographic links with most of its neighbors. It is bordered by Iran in the west, Pakistan in the south and east, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the north, and China to the east. It has a population of 30 million people, although this remains an estimate as ...
Including:
Read more here: » Afghanistan: Encyclopedia - Afghanistan |
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| | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Afghan people - Culture
Afghan people - Contributions to Humanity.
The different ethnic groups that today make up Afghanistan made significant contributions in poetry, architecture, art, music, and religion. Prominent individuals are:
Literature:
Ibn Sina (Avicenna), one of the greatest philosophers and scientists in history - Tajik
Jalaundin-e-Rumi, one of the greatest Persian poets - Tajik
Khushal Khan Khattak, the greatest Pashtun poet - Pashtun
Abdur Rahman ...
See also:Afghan people, Afghan people - History, Afghan people - Pashtun, Afghan people - Tajik, Afghan people - Hazara, Afghan people - Uzbek, Afghan people - Turkmen, Afghan people - Baluch, Afghan people - Nuristani, Afghan people - Culture, Afghan people - Contributions to Humanity, Afghan people - Language, Afghan people - Religion, Afghan people - Symbols, Afghan people - Identity Read more here: » Afghan people: Encyclopedia II - Afghan people - Culture |
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| | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Mahmud of Ghazni - Relationship with Ayaz It is related that Mahmud fell in love with a young male slave by the name of Ayaz. The love he bore his favorite, and the latter's devotion, became a staple of Islamic lore, emblematic of ideal love affairs. The poet Sa'adi was among those celebrating the two:
They mock’d the Sovereign of Ghaznin: one saith,
“Ayaz hath no great beauty, by my faith!
A Rose that ’s neither rosy-red nor fragrant,
The Bulbul’s love for such astonisheth!”
This went to Mahmud’s ears; ill-pleas’d he sate,
B ...
See also:Mahmud of Ghazni, Mahmud of Ghazni - Lineage, Mahmud of Ghazni - Military campaigns, Mahmud of Ghazni - Relationship with Ayaz Read more here: » Mahmud of Ghazni: Encyclopedia II - Mahmud of Ghazni - Relationship with Ayaz |
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| | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Abdur Rahman Khan - Background and early career Before his death at Herat, on June 9, 1863, Dost Mahommed had nominated as his successor Shir Ali, his third son, passing over the two elder brothers, Afzul Khan and Azim Khan. At first, the new amir was quietly recognized. But after a few months Afzul Khan raised an insurrection in the northern province, between the Hindu Kush mountains and the Oxus River, where he had been governing when his father died. This began a fierce contest for power ...
See also:Abdur Rahman Khan, Abdur Rahman Khan - Background and early career, Abdur Rahman Khan - Period of exile, Abdur Rahman Khan - Reign Read more here: » Abdur Rahman Khan: Encyclopedia II - Abdur Rahman Khan - Background and early career |
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| | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Durrani Empire - Reign of Ahmad Shah 1747-1772 Nadir Shah's rule abruptly ended in June 1747 when he was assassinated. Some believe that Ahmad Shah had something to do with his death, but the evidence remains somewhat circumstantial. Regardless, Ahmad Shah took the opportunity to move towards the creation of a separate state in the eastern Persian Empire in what is today Afghanistan and western Pakistan. In 1747 Ahmad Shah and his Abdali horsemen joined the chiefs of the Abdali tribes and clans near Kandahar at a loya jirga to choose a leader. Despite being younger than other claimants, ...
See also:Durrani Empire, Durrani Empire - Reign of Ahmad Shah 1747-1772, Durrani Empire - Reign of Timur Shah 1772-1793, Durrani Empire - Reign of Zaman Shah 1793-1801, Durrani Empire - First Reign of Mahmud Shah 1801-1803, Durrani Empire - Reign of Shuja Shah 1803-1809, Durrani Empire - Second Reign of Mahmud Shah 1809-1818, Durrani Empire - Reign of Sultan Ali Shah 1818-1819, Durrani Empire - Reign of Ayub Shah 1819-1823 Read more here: » Durrani Empire: Encyclopedia II - Durrani Empire - Reign of Ahmad Shah 1747-1772 |
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| | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Military operations
U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Initial attack.
Prior to October 7, U.S. and British Special Forces clandestinely infiltrated Afghanistan to make contact with the Northern Alliance to organize those forces to over throw the Taliban. There were explosions in Kabul within a day of September 11, although these were minor rocket attacks by the Northern Alliance.
At approximately 16:30 UTC (12:30 EDT, 21:00 local time) on Sunday October 7, 2001, US and British forces began an aerial bombing campaign targeting Ta ...
See also:U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Background, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Military operations, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Initial attack, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Taliban retreat, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Operation Anaconda, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Post-Anaconda operations, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Renewed Taliban insurgency, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Psychological Warfare, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Nature of the coalition, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Casualties of the invasion, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Diplomatic efforts, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Humanitarian efforts, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Allegations of human rights abuses, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Protests demonstrations and rallies, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Disputable information and rumors, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Slogans and terms, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Timelines of U.S. attacks on Afghanistan, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - 2001, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - 2002, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Footnotes, U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - External link Read more here: » U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan - Military operations |
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| | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - History Related articles: History of Afghanistan, History of Iran, History of Tajikistan, History of South Asia, History of Central Asia, History of India.
As one of the cradles of human civilisation, the Pakistani region has long been at the crossroads of history. It was the birthplace of some of the most ancient civilisations and a strategic centre of historic trade routes, including the Silk Road. Pakistan was the site of much of the Indus Valley Civilisation and was subsequently occupied by many groups, including Dravidians, ...
See also:Pakistan, Pakistan - History, Pakistan - Ancient History, Pakistan - Arrival of Islam, Pakistan - British rule, Pakistan - Post-independence, Pakistan - Politics, Pakistan - Political history, Pakistan - Foreign relations, Pakistan - Provinces and Territories, Pakistan - Geography, Pakistan - Tourism, Pakistan - Economy, Pakistan - Demographics, Pakistan - Population Statistics, Pakistan - Religion, Pakistan - Languages, Pakistan - Ethnic groups, Pakistan - Society and culture, Pakistan - Roots, Pakistan - Media, Pakistan - Globalization, Pakistan - Mercantile culture Read more here: » Pakistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - History |
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| | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Gandhara - Ancient Gandhara Gandhara shows an influx of southern Central Asian culture in the Bronze Age with the Gandhara grave culture, likely corresponding to immigration of Indo-Aryan speakers and the nucleus of Vedic civilization. The name of the Gandharis is attested from the Rigveda. The Gandharis, along with the Mujavantas, Angas and the Magadhas, are also mentioned in the Atharavaveda, but apparently as a despised people. Gandharas are included in the Uttarapatha division of Puranic and Buddhistic traditions. Aitareya Brahmana refers to king Naganajit of Gandhara w ...
See also:Gandhara, Gandhara - Geography, Gandhara - Ancient Gandhara, Gandhara - Persian rule, Gandhara - Gandhara under the Mauryas, Gandhara - Gandhara under Greek rule, Gandhara - Language, Gandhara - Gandharan proselytism, Gandhara - Gandharan art, Gandhara - Timeline, Gandhara - External link Read more here: » Gandhara: Encyclopedia II - Gandhara - Ancient Gandhara |
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| | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Gandhara - Ancient Gandhara
Gandhara - Pre Historic Period.
Gandhara shows an influx of southern Central Asian culture in the Bronze Age with the Gandhara grave culture, likely corresponding to immigration of Indo-Aryan speakers and the nucleus of Vedic civilization. The name of the Gandharis is attested from the Rigveda. The Gandharis, along with the Mujavantas, Angas and the Magadhas, are also mentioned in the Atharavaveda, but apparently as a despised people. Gandharas are included in the Uttarapatha division of Puranic and Buddhistic traditions. Aitareya Brahmana refers to king Naganajit of Gandhara w ...
See also:Gandhara, Gandhara - Geography, Gandhara - Ancient Gandhara, Gandhara - Pre Historic Period, Gandhara - Pushkalavati & Prayag, Gandhara - City of Taxila, Gandhara - Persian rule, Gandhara - Gandhara under the Mauryas, Gandhara - Gandhara under Graeco Bactrians Sakas and Indo-Parthinas, Gandhara - The Golden Age of Kushans Rule, Gandhara - Gandhara after Huns Invasion, Gandhara - Gandhara under Turkshahi & Hindushahi, Gandhara - End of Gandhara, Gandhara - Language, Gandhara - Gandharan proselytism, Gandhara - Gandharan art, Gandhara - Timeline, Gandhara - External link Read more here: » Gandhara: Encyclopedia II - Gandhara - Ancient Gandhara |
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| | | | History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - KHAD - Organization Little is known of its internal organization, but KHAD's system of informers and operatives extended into virtually every aspect of Afghan life, especially in the government-controlled urban areas. Aside from its secret police work, KHAD supervised ideological education at schools and colleges, ran a special school for war orphans, and recruited young men for the militia.
Its importance to Moscow was reflected in the fact that it was chiefly responsible for the training of a new generation of Afghans who could be loyal to the Soviet U ...
See also:KHAD, KHAD - Directors of the Organization, KHAD - Organization, KHAD - Political Factions, KHAD - Involvement in the Civil War, KHAD - Human Rights Read more here: » KHAD: Encyclopedia II - KHAD - Organization |
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