Historical Background - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Cultural And Historical Background Of Jesus: Encyclopedia - Cultural And Historical Background Of Jesus
As historian E. P. Sanders has observed, of all the religions that existed within the Roman Empire, only two have widespread followings t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zugot: Encyclopedia Ii - Zugot - Historical Background
The title of av beit din existed before the period of the zugot. His purpose was to oversee the Sanhedrin, the court of religious law (al...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lich: Encyclopedia Ii - Lich - Historical Background
While this usage of the term "lich" is particular to Dungeons & Dragons and other modern fantasy fiction, the underlying idea of elud...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Huayan: Encyclopedia Ii - Huayan - Historical Background
The doctrines of the Huayan school ended up having profound impact on the philosophical attitudes of all of East Asian Buddhism. Establis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yalda: Encyclopedia Ii - Yalda - Historical Background
The festival was considered extremely important in pre-Islamic Iran (Persia) and continues to be celebrated to this day since 4000 years ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Treaty Of Yandaboo: Encyclopedia Ii - Treaty Of Yandaboo - Historical Background
There was a long chain of events that led to the war between the British and the Burmese and subsequently signing of Yandaboo accord whic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Epistle To Galatians: Encyclopedia Ii - Epistle To Galatians - Historical Background
The churches of Galatia were founded by Paul himself (Acts 16:6; Gal. 1:8; 4:13, 4:19). They seem to have been composed mainly of convert...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Epistle To Galatians: Encyclopedia Ii - Epistle To Galatians - Historical Background
The churches of Galatia were founded by Paul himself (Acts 16:6; Gal 1:8; 4:13, 4:19). They seem to have been composed mainly of converts...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arsacid Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Arsacid Dynasty - Historical Background
After the conquest of the Persian Empire by Alexander III, king of Macedonia, Iran became in a constant conflict between the Iranian trad...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Paramilitarism In Colombia: Encyclopedia Ii - Paramilitarism In Colombia - Historical Background
Paramilitarism in Colombia - 1960s. Part of the earliest history of paramilitarism in Colombia goes back to the 1960s, when U.S. Presid...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Punjabi Khatri: Encyclopedia Ii - Punjabi Khatri - Historical Background
The region from where the Khatris emerged is now in an Islamic country, Pakistan; but in ancient times this was one of the most important...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economy Of Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - Economy Of Russia - Historical Background
Main article: Economic history of the Soviet Union Russia undertakes the transition with advantages and obstacles. Although only half the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1763 English Cricket Season: Encyclopedia Ii - 1763 English Cricket Season - Historical Background
The Seven Years War was formally ended by the Treaty of Paris in February. The Earl of Bute signed on behalf of Great Britain. Great Brit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Church Of The Lutheran Confession: Encyclopedia Ii - Church Of The Lutheran Confession - Historical Background
The Church of the Lutheran Confession (CLC) was formed around the time of the break-up of the Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Red Lake Indian Reservation: Encyclopedia Ii - Red Lake Indian Reservation - Historical Background
Together with the Pembina Band of Chippewa Indians, the Red Lake Band first negotiated a treaty with the United States in 1863 (Treaty of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pontifical Academy Of Sciences: Encyclopedia Ii - Pontifical Academy Of Sciences - Historical Background
Cesi wanted his Academicians to create a method of research based upon observation, experiment, and the inductive method. He thus called ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gender Roles In Islam: Encyclopedia Ii - Gender Roles In Islam - Historical Background
In pre-Islamic Arabia the roles of the genders was never explicitly defined, and varied widely among the numerous tribes. For example, in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Decima Flottiglia Mas: Encyclopedia Ii - Decima Flottiglia Mas - Historical Background
In World War I, on November 1, 1918, Raffaele Paolucci and Raffaele Rossetti rode a torpedo-like craft (nicknamed Mignatta, which means, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amyraldism: Encyclopedia Ii - Amyraldism - Historical Background
Moses Amyraut, originally a lawyer, but converted to the study of theology by the reading of Calvin's 'Institutes,' an able divine and vo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Guanches: Encyclopedia Ii - Guanches - Historical Background
The native term Guanchinet means "man of Tenerife" (from Guan = person and Chinet = Tenerife). It was corrupted, according to Juan Núñe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Quantitative: Encyclopedia Ii - Quantitative - Historical Background
Quantitative - The classical concept of quantity. In classical terms, the structure of a quantitative property is such that different m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Farhud: Encyclopedia Ii - Farhud - Historical Background
The Jews lived in the land of Babylon for more than 2,500 years that followed the Babylonian captivity (see History of the Jews in Iraq)....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cultural And Historical Background Of Jesus: Encyclopedia Ii - Cultural And Historical Background Of Jesus - First Temple Era
The ancient land of Israel (also called the land of Canaan, Palestine and Judea and Samaria) is situated on the easternmost coast of the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cultural And Historical Background Of Jesus: Encyclopedia Ii - Cultural And Historical Background Of Jesus - Jesus In This Context
Cultural and historical background of Jesus - Overview. According to the Gospels, Jesus was born in Bethlehem, although he grew up in N...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cultural And Historical Background Of Jesus: Encyclopedia Ii - Cultural And Historical Background Of Jesus - The Second Temple Era
Cultural and historical background of Jesus - The Persian Period. In 539 BCE the Persians conquered Babylon and in 537 BCE, inaugurated...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Althing: Encyclopedia Ii - Althing - Historical Background
Althing - Foundation. The Althing is the oldest parliament in the world which remains active (the Tynwald, established by Scandinavian ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Crusade: Encyclopedia Ii - Crusade - Historical Background
The origins of the crusades lie in Western developments earlier in the Middle Ages, as well as the deteriorating situation of the Byzanti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Crusades: Encyclopedia Ii - The Crusades - Historical Background
The origins of the crusades lie in Western developments earlier in the Middle Ages, as well as the deteriorating situation of the Byzanti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Crusade: Encyclopedia Ii - Crusade - Historical Background
The origins of the crusades lie in developments in Western Europe earlier in the Middle Ages, as well as the deteriorating situation of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Calvinism: Encyclopedia Ii - Calvinism - Historical Background
John Calvin's international influence on the development of the doctrine of the Protestant Reformation began at the age of 25, when he st...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Calvinism: Encyclopedia Ii - Calvinism - Historical Background
John Calvin's international influence on the development of the doctrine of the Protestant Reformation began at the age of 25, when he st...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jew: Encyclopedia Ii - Jew - Historical Background
At least for three thousand years, the Jewish people have lived in the Land of Israel, where they developed a monotheistic religion and e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oroonoko: Encyclopedia Ii - Oroonoko - Biographical And Historical Background
Oroonoko is now the most studied of Aphra Behn's novels, but it was not immediately successful in her own lifetime. It sold well, but the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Historical Jesus: Encyclopedia Ii - Historical Jesus - Family Background And Childhood
Historical Jesus - Joseph Yosef — his father?. The main Christian sources about Joseph come from the Gospels of Matthew and Luke. Jos...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Natchez District: Encyclopedia Ii - Natchez District - Historical Background
The Natchez District was the first plantation area in Mississippi and also the richest area in the Deep South before the Civil War. One p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - A Tale Of A Tub: Encyclopedia Ii - A Tale Of A Tub - Historical Background
In the historical background to the period of 1696-1705, the most important political events might be the Restoration of Charles II in 16...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Santo Domingo: Encyclopedia Ii - Santo Domingo - Historic Background
The city was founded between the years 1496 and 1498, as Santo Domingo de Guzmán, by Bartolomeo Columbus (Bartolomé Colón), brother of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Juliana Of Nicomedia: Encyclopedia Ii - Juliana Of Nicomedia - Historical Background
Both the Latin and Greek Churches mention a holy martyr Juliana in their lists of saints. The oldest historical notice of her is found in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Victorian Morality: Encyclopedia Ii - Victorian Morality - Historical Background
The term Victorian has acquired a range of connotations, including that of a particularly strict set of moral standards, which are often ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spiritual Music: Encyclopedia Ii - Spiritual Music - Historical Background
Spirituals are primarily expressions of religious faith, originated by African slaves in the United States. Slavery was introduced into t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Marib Dam: Encyclopedia Ii - Marib Dam - Historical Background
The site of the great Dam of Marib is located on the valley (wadi) of Dhana, upstream of the ancient city of Marib in Yemen. Marib was th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Interpreted Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Interpreted Language - Historical Background
In the early days of computing, language design was heavily influenced by the decision to use compilation or interpretation as a mode of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zeugma City: Encyclopedia Ii - Zeugma City - Historical Background
In the Hellenistic Era the city was called “Seleukeia of Euphrates”. The ancient city of Zeugma, originally, was founded by Seleukos ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Irish Times: Encyclopedia Ii - The Irish Times - Historical Background
The first appearance of a newspaper using the name The Irish Times occurred in 1823 however it closed in 1825. The title was revived as a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Extracurricular Activity: Encyclopedia Ii - Extracurricular Activity - Historical Background
The extracurriculum made its appearance in American colleges in the nineteenth century. It complemented the curriculum as much as subvert...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Provinces Of The Netherlands: Encyclopedia Ii - Provinces Of The Netherlands - Historical Background
Nearly all Dutch provinces can trace their origin to a medieval state such as a county or a duchy, as can the provinces of Belgium. Their...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kato Tribe: Encyclopedia Ii - Kato Tribe - Historical Background
Historically, the Kato lived farthest south of all the Athapascans in California, occupying in particular, Cahto Valley and Long Valley, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Science Museum: Encyclopedia Ii - Science Museum - Historical Background
"...The public museum as understood today is a collection of specimens and other objects of interest to the scholar, the man of science a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bunhill Fields: Encyclopedia Ii - Bunhill Fields - Historical Background
Bunhill Fields was part of the manor of Finsbury (originally Fensbury), which is of great antiquity, the manor having its origins as a pr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Council Of Chalcedon: Encyclopedia Ii - Council Of Chalcedon - Historical Background
Council of Chalcedon - Relics of Nestorianism. After the Council of Ephesus had condemned Nestorianism, there remained a conflict betwe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eastern Rite: Encyclopedia Ii - Eastern Rite - Historical Background
Communion between Christian Churches has been broken over matters of faith, when each side accused the other of heresy or departure from ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - British Library: Encyclopedia Ii - British Library - Historical Background
As an institution the British Library is surprisingly young compared to equivalent institutions in other countries, having been created i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Croatian Parliament: Encyclopedia Ii - Croatian Parliament - Historic Background
The Croat nobles agreed to form two Croatian states after settling in the Illyrian territory in the 7th century AD, after the great migra...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - American Dream: Encyclopedia Ii - American Dream - Historical Background
The origin of the American Dream stems from the departure in government and economics from the models of the Old World. This allowed unpr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - American Dream: Encyclopedia Ii - American Dream - Historical Background
The origin of the American Dream stems from the departure in government and economics from the models of the Old World. This allowed unpr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romanian Treasure: Encyclopedia Ii - Romanian Treasure - Historical Background
During World War I, as Bucharest being occupied by Germany, the Romanian administration moved to Iaşi, and with them, the most valuable ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bastille Day: Encyclopedia Ii - Bastille Day - Historical Background
Bastille Day - The Storming of the Bastille. Main article: Storming of the Bastille. On 5 May 1789, Louis XVI convened the Estates-Ge...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Big Dig: Encyclopedia Ii - Big Dig - Historical Background
Boston's historically tangled streets were laid out long before the advent of automobiles. By mid-20th century, car traffic in the inner ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Niagara Falls: Encyclopedia Ii - Niagara Falls - Historical Background
The name "Niagara" is said to originate from an Iroquois word "Onguiaahra" meaning "The Strait." The region's original inhabitants were t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Israeli Settlement: Encyclopedia Ii - Israeli Settlement - Historical Background
The cease-fire agreement following the 1967 Six Day War left Israel in control of a number of areas captured during hostilities. From Jo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uncharted Waters: Encyclopedia Ii - Uncharted Waters - Historical Background
Main article: Age of Exploration In Japanese, the term Daikoukai Jidai refers to the period between the 15th century and the 17th century...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Real Property: Encyclopedia Ii - Real Property - Historical Background
Real property - History of the word. The word 'real' in the context of 'real estate' is not the opposite of 'unreal' but is in fact der...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Animal Cognition: Encyclopedia Ii - Animal Cognition - Historical Background
For most of the twentieth century, the dominant approach to animal psychology was to use experiments on intelligence in animals to uncove...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Keynesian Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Keynesian Economics - Historical Background
John Maynard Keynes was one of a wave of thinkers who perceived increasing cracks in the assumptions and theories which held sway at that...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Keynesian Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Keynesian Economics - Historical Background
John Maynard Keynes was one of a wave of thinkers who perceived increasing cracks in the assumptions and theories which held sway at that...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jacob Frank: Encyclopedia Ii - Jacob Frank - Historical Background
The spread of Frank's messianic movement (1760-1770) occurred in the period following the killing of the Jews in the days of Bohdan Chmie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Edsa Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Edsa Revolution - Historical Background
On August 21, 1983, the popular oppositionist senator Benigno Aquino, Jr. (popularly known as "Ninoy") was assassinated at the then-Manil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Edsa Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Edsa Revolution - Historical Background
On August 21, 1983, the popular oppositionist senator Benigno Aquino, Jr. (popularly known as "Ninoy") was assassinated at the then-Manil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joan Of Arc: Encyclopedia Ii - Joan Of Arc - Historical Background
This was the lowest era in French history until the Nazi occupation. The French king, Charles VI at the time of Joan's birth, suffered bo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Qi Jiguang: Encyclopedia Ii - Qi Jiguang - Historical Background
Qi Jiguang - Domestic situation. Qi Jiguang was born during the reign of Jiajing Emperor, who was a devout follower of Taoism. The empe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aberration Of Light: Encyclopedia Ii - Aberration Of Light - Historical Background
The discovery of the aberration of light in 1725 by James Bradley was one of the most important in astronomy. It was totally unexpected, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Politics Of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia Ii - Politics Of Afghanistan - Historical Background
Politics of Afghanistan - The Former Taliban Regime. On September 27, 1996, the ruling members of the Afghan Government were displaced ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Politics Of Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - Politics Of Russia - Historical Background
The Soviet Union formally came into being under the treaty of union in December 1922, which was signed by Russia and three other union re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Victoria Cross: Encyclopedia Ii - Victoria Cross - Historical Background
The VC was first issued on January 29, 1856, recognising acts of valour during the Crimean War of 1854-1855. All VCs are cast from the br...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Space Race: Encyclopedia Ii - Space Race - Historical Background
Space Race - Early military influences. Rockets have interested scientists and amateurs for at least 2,100 years. The Chinese used them...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World Government: Encyclopedia Ii - World Government - Historical Background
World government - History of the world government idea. The need for a supranational authority to preserve the peace between nations h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Korean War: Encyclopedia Ii - Korean War - Historical Background
Korea was invaded and ruled by Japan from 1910 until the end of World War II in 1945. On August 6, the Soviet Union, in keeping with an a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Whirlwind Computer: Encyclopedia Ii - Whirlwind Computer - Techno-historical Background
During World War II the US Navy approached MIT about the possibility of creating a computer to drive a flight simulator for training bomb...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Factor Scotland: Encyclopedia Ii - Factor Scotland - Historical And Legal Background
On traditional Scottish feudal estates where the laird (or lord of the manor) was still owner and operator a Factor would be employed to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Background History Of The September 11 2001 Attacks: Encyclopedia Ii - Background History Of The September 11 2001 Attacks - Historical Background
Background history of the September 11 2001 attacks - Pre-Seventies. 1953-1979: Following nationalization of British oil interests in I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rejuvenation Aging: Encyclopedia Ii - Rejuvenation Aging - Historical And Cultural Background
Various myths tell the stories about the quest for rejuvenation. It was believed that magic or intervention of a supernatural power can b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Battle Of Milvian Bridge: Encyclopedia Ii - Battle Of Milvian Bridge - Historical Background
The underlying cause of the battle was the five-year-long dispute between Constantine and Maxentius over control of the Western Roman Emp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biopiracy: Encyclopedia Ii - Biopiracy - Historical Background / Cbd 1992
In the 1980s, an erosion of biodiversity was observed. The majority of the actors estimated that the first cause of biodiversity erosion ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Battle Of Santiago De Cuba: Encyclopedia Ii - Battle Of Santiago De Cuba - Historical Background
The Spanish realized that the war could be made or broken by the campaign in Cuba. Even before the opening of hostilities, Almirante Pasc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Background History Of The September 11, 2001 Attacks: Encyclopedia Ii - Background History Of The September 11, 2001 Attacks - Historical Background
Background history of the September 11, 2001 attacks - Pre-Seventies. 1953-1979: Following nationalization of British oil interests in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Battle Of The Great Meadows: Encyclopedia Ii - Battle Of The Great Meadows - Historical Background
The battle was the culmination of years of boundary disputes between the British and French Empires in North America. Principal among the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Debt Bondage: Encyclopedia Ii - Debt Bondage - Historical Background To Bonded Labor
Prior to the early modern age, feudal and serfdom systems were the predominant political and economic systems in Europe. These systems we...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Declaration Of The Establishment Of The State Of Israel: Encyclopedia Ii - Declaration Of The Establishment Of The State Of Israel - Historical Background
The Declaration of Independence of the State of Israel was publicly read in Tel Aviv on May 14, 1948, before the expiration of the Britis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ryti-ribbentrop Agreement: Encyclopedia Ii - Ryti-ribbentrop Agreement - Historical Background
Finland's 20th century history had been rather turbulent up to the Continuation War. Attempted russification of Finland, and then the Rus...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Article 9 Of The Constitution Of Japan: Encyclopedia Ii - Article 9 Of The Constitution Of Japan - Historical Background
Some historians attribute the inclusion of Article 9 to Charles Kades, one of MacArthur's closest associates, who was impressed by the sp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Multilinear Algebra: Encyclopedia Ii - Multilinear Algebra - Historical Background Of The Approach To Multilinear Algebra
The subject itself has various roots going back to the mathematics of the nineteenth century, in what was then called tensor analysis, or...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bmt Jamaica Line: Encyclopedia Ii - Bmt Jamaica Line - Historical Background
The Jamaica Line includes the oldest existing elevated structure on the New York City subway system, as well as some of the newest. The c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - American Institute Of Architects: Encyclopedia Ii - American Institute Of Architects - Historical Background
In the 1800's, anyone (masons, carpenters, bricklayers,...) could claim to be an architect; no schools of architecture or architectural l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Great Leap Forward: Encyclopedia Ii - Great Leap Forward - Historical Background
During the 1950s, the Chinese had carried out a program of land distribution coupled with industrialization under state ownership with gr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prime Minister Of Israel: Encyclopedia Ii - Prime Minister Of Israel - Historical Background
At its founding, the State of Israel adopted a British-inspired parliamentary system, with a Prime Minister as the most powerful politica...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khaz'al Khan: Encyclopedia Ii - Khaz'al Khan - Historical Background
For several centuries Arabistan, as with many other Iranian provinces prior to the era of the Pahlavi dynasty, had been a semi-autonomous...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lettre De Cachet: Encyclopedia Ii - Lettre De Cachet - Historical Background
This power was a royal privilege recognized by the French monarchic civil law that developed during the 13th century, as the Capetian mon...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norwegian Constitution Day: Encyclopedia Ii - Norwegian Constitution Day - Historical Background
The Norwegian Constitution was signed at Eidsvoll on May 17 in the year 1814. The constitution declared Norway to be an independent natio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Methodist Local Preacher: Encyclopedia Ii - Methodist Local Preacher - Historical Background
"Local preachers" have been a part of Methodism from its beginnings as a revival movement in eighteenth century England. John Wesley trie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rock Carvings At Alta: Encyclopedia Ii - Rock Carvings At Alta - Cultural And Historical Background
At the time the carvings were created, northern Norway was inhabited by a culture of hunter-gatherers that are thought to be descendants ...   » Read the article