The Kingdom of Waalo (Oualo) was a kingdom on the lower Senegal River in West Africa, in what are now Senegal and Mauritania. It included parts of the valley proper and areas north and south, extending to the Atlantic Ocean. To the north were Moorish Emirates; to the south was the Kingdom of Cayor; to the east was Jolof (Diolof).
Waalo had a complicated political and social system, which has a continuing influence on Wolof culture in Senegal today, especially its highly formalized and rigid caste system. The kingdom was ...
Alodia or Alwa was the southernmost of the three kingdoms of Christian Nubia; the other two were Nobatia and Makuria to the north. Alodia was converted to Christianity in the 6th century by missionaries sent by Byzantine Emperor Justinian and his wife Theodora. Monophysite Christianity flourished in Alodia, moreso than other Christian sects. Alodia was centered south of the great bend in the Nile river and south into the Gezira with its capital at Soba. Most of what is known about Christian Nubia comes from either contemporary ...
The Kingdom of Kaffa was founded approximately c.1390 by Minjo. The first capital Bonga was either founded or captured by Bong-he; it was later replaced by Anaracha, but Bonga retained its importance.
During the 16th century, all of the territories north of the Gojeb River were lost to the Oromo migrations; however, the Kaffa kings compensated for this by annexing the nieghboring small Gimira states, and in the later 18th century brought the neig ...
In Kaffa, Maria Theresa Thalers (MT) and salt blocks called amoleh were used as currency as late as 1905, which circulated at a rate of four or five amolehs to 1 MT.4
The economy was based on exports of gold, civet oil, and slaves. Crops raised included coffee and cotton. Livestock was raised, and honey bees kept in barrels (called gendo) which were hung in trees.5
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