Hispania Baetica - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Abdera, Spain: Encyclopedia - Abdera, Spain
Abdera was an ancient seaport town on the south coast of Spain, between Malaca (now Málaga) and Carthago Nova (now Cartagena), in the di...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Córdoba Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Córdoba Spain - History Of Córdoba
Córdoba Spain - Roman Córdoba in Hispania Baetica. In Roman times, the city had more cultural buildings than Rome. It was the capital...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Córdoba Spain: Encyclopedia - Córdoba Spain
Córdoba is a city in Andalucía, southern Spain, and the capital of the province of Córdoba. Located at 37.88° North, 4.77° West, on ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vandals: Encyclopedia - Vandals
The Vandals were an East Germanic tribe that entered the late Roman Empire during the 5th century and created a state in North Africa, ce...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Visigoth: Encyclopedia - Visigoth
The Visigoths were one of two main branches of the Goths, the Ostrogoths being the other. Together these tribes were among the loosely-te...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Andalusia: Encyclopedia - Andalusia
Andalusia (Spanish: Andalucía) is a Historical Nationality of Spain like Catalonia or Basque Country. Andalusia is one of the seventeen ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Worms Germany: Encyclopedia - Worms Germany
Worms Germany - Celts and Romans. The city has existed since before Roman times, when it was captured and fortified by the Romans under...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Al-andalus: Encyclopedia - Al-andalus
Al-Andalus - Conquest and early years. In 711 AD, a Moorish Islamic army from North Africa invaded Visigoth Hispania. Under their leade...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abdera Spain: Encyclopedia - Abdera Spain
Abdera was an ancient seaport town on the south coast of Spain, between Malaca (now Málaga) and Carthago Nova (now Cartagena), in the di...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Latifundia: Encyclopedia Ii - Latifundia - Roman Latifundia
The basis of the latifundia in Italy and Sicily was the ager publicus that fell to the dispensation of the state through Rome's policy of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Worms Germany: Encyclopedia Ii - Worms Germany - The Middle Ages
Worms was a Christian bishopric since 614 (but was secularized in 1801 and passed to Hesse-Darmstadt). In the Frankish Empire, the city w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lusitania: Encyclopedia Ii - Lusitania - Origin Of The Name
The etymology of Lusitania, like the origin of the Lusitani, is unclear. The name may be of Celtic origin: Lus and Tanus, "tribe of Lusus...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hispania: Encyclopedia Ii - Hispania - Roman Hispania
The major part of the Punic Wars, fought between the Punic Carthaginians and the Romans, was fought on Iberian lands. Rome gained control...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vandals: Encyclopedia Ii - Vandals - History
The Vandals were divided in two tribal groups, the Silingi and the Hasdingi. The Silingi lived in an area recorded for centuries as Magna...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hispania Tarraconensis: Encyclopedia Ii - Hispania Tarraconensis - History
The Imperial Roman province called Tarraconensis, supplanted Hispania Citerior, which had been ruled by a consul under the late Republic,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Villa: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Villa - Architecture Of The Villa Complex
Upper class, wealthy Roman Citizens in the countryside around Rome and throughout the Empire lived in villa-complexes, the accommodation ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Spain - History
Spain - Prehistory. The indigenous peoples peoples of the Iberian peninsula, consisting of a number of separate tribes, are given the g...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seville: Encyclopedia Ii - Seville - History
Roman Hispalis, in the province of Hispania Baetica, became ʾIšbīliyyah (Arabic أشبيليّة) under the Moors. Though Greeks and R...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Reconquista 8th-15th Centuries
The expulsion of the Muslims was reputedly started by the first King of Asturias, named Pelayo (718-737), who started his fight against t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - From Roman To Byzantine In The East
Roman Empire - Under Constantine 330–337 and his sons 337–361. Constantinople would serve as the capital of Constantine the Great f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Trajan: Encyclopedia Ii - Trajan - Life Of Trajan
Trajan - Early life and rise to power. Trajan was the son of M. Ulpius Traianus, a prominent senator and general from the famous gens U...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Spain - History
Main article: History of Spain Spain - Prehistory. The aboriginal peoples of the Iberian peninsula, consisting of a number of separate ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Visigoth: Encyclopedia Ii - Visigoth - Early History
The Visigoths first appeared in history as a distinct people in the year 268 when they invaded the Roman Empire and swarmed over the Balk...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Praetorian Guard: Encyclopedia Ii - Praetorian Guard - History
The term "Praetorian" came from the tent of the commanding general or praetor of a Roman army in the field—the praetorium. It was a hab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Al-andalus: Encyclopedia Ii - Al-andalus - Culture
Al-Andalus - Non-Muslims Dhimmi under the Caliphate. See also: Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain The treatment of non-Muslims (spe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fish Sauce: Encyclopedia Ii - Fish Sauce - Types
Some fish sauces are made from raw fish, others from dried fish, some from only a single species; others from whatever is dredged up in t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - The Empire After Constantine 337–395
Roman Empire - The sons of Constantine 337–361. The Empire was parted again among his three surviving sons. The Western Roman Empire ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hispania: Encyclopedia Ii - Hispania - Roman Hispania
The major part of the Punic Wars, fought between the Punic Carthaginians and the Romans, was fought on Iberian lands. Rome gained control...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Córdoba, Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Córdoba, Spain - History Of Córdoba
Córdoba, Spain - Roman Córdoba in Hispania Baetica. In Roman times, the city had more cultural buildings than Rome. It was the capita...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - The Enlightenment: Spain Under The Bourbons 18th Century
Philip V, the first Bourbon king, of French origin, signed the Decreto de Nueva Planta in 1715, a new law that revoked most of the histor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - The End Of The Western Empire 395–476
The year 476 AD is generally accepted as the end of the Western Roman Empire. In that year, Odoacer deposed his puppet Romulus Augustus (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Napoleonic Wars: War Of Spanish Independence 1808-1814
Spain initially sided against France in the Napoleonic Wars, but the defeat of her army early in the war led to Charles IV's pragmatic de...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Spain In The Nineteenth Century 1814-1873
Although the juntas that had forced the French to leave Spain had sworn by the liberal Constitution of 1812, Ferdinand VII openly believe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Tetrarchy 285–324 And Constantine The Great 324-337
The transition from a single united empire to the later divided Western and Eastern empires was a gradual transformation. In July, 285, D...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Spain Under The Habsburgs 16th-17th Centuries
Spain's powerful world empire of the great 16th and 17th centuries reached its height and declined under the Habsburgs. The Spanish Empir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Visigothic Hispania 5th-8th Centuries
Main articles: Visigoth and Visigothic Hispania After the fall of the Roman Empire, Germanic tribes invaded the former empire, several tu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Spain - Demographics
The Spanish Constitution, although affirming the sovereignty of the Spanish Nation, recognizes historical nationalities. The Castilian-de...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Spain - Economy
Spain's mixed capitalist economy supports a GDP that on a per capita basis is 87% that of the four leading West European economies. The c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Spain - Geography
Mainland Spain is dominated by high plateaus and mountain ranges such as the Pyrenees or the Sierra Nevada. Running from these heights ar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Spain - Identities
The Spanish Constitution of 1978, in its second article, recognizes historic entities ("nationalities," a carefully chosen word in order ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lusitania: Encyclopedia Ii - Lusitania - Lusitanians
The Lusitani, who were Indo-European and may have come from the Alps, established themselves in the region in the 6th century BC, but his...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Al-andalus 8th-15th Centuries
In 711, Arabs and Berbers had converted to Islam, a religion founded in the 7th century by prophet Muhammad and which by the 8th century ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - First Spanish Republic 1873-1874
Following the Hidalgo affair, Amadeus famously declared the people of Spain to be ungovernable, and fled the country. In his absence, a g...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Early History
The earliest history of the Iberian peninsula is discussed as part of prehistoric Europe. Before the Roman Empire, the Iberian Peninsula ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Legacy Of The Roman Empire
Several states claiming to be the Roman Empire's successor arose, before as well as after the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - The Restoration 1874-1931
Although the former queen, Isabella II was still alive, she recognized that she was too divisive as a leader, and abdicated in 1870 in fa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Historians' Viewpoints On The Evolution Of Imperial Rome
Because the empire of Rome lasted for such a long period of time (31 BC– 1453 AD), there are certain alternative names used by historia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hispania: Encyclopedia Ii - Hispania - Origin Of The Name
The term Hispania is Latin and the term Iberia Greek. Surviving Roman texts always use "Hispania" (first mentioned 200 BC by the poet Qui...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Praetorian Guard: Encyclopedia Ii - Praetorian Guard - Organization And Conditions Of Service
Although the Praetorians have similarities, they are unlike any of the regular Legions of the Roman Empire. Their nine cohorts (one less ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Al-andalus: Encyclopedia Ii - Al-andalus - History
Al-Andalus - Conquest and early years. In 711 AD, a Moorish Islamic army from North Africa invaded Visigoth Hispania. Under their leade...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hispania: Encyclopedia Ii - Hispania - Prehistory And Early History
The Iberian peninsula has long been inhabited, first by Early Hominids, such as Homo erectus, Homo heidelbergensis and Homo antecessor. I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Flavian Dynasty
The Flavians, although a relatively short lived dynasty, helped restore stability to an empire on its knees. Although there are criticism...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hispania: Encyclopedia Ii - Hispania - Later History
Christianity was introduced into Hispania in the first century and it became popular in the cities in the second century. Little headway ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hispania: Encyclopedia Ii - Hispania - The Hispaniae 'spains'
During the first stages of romanization, the peninsula was divided in two by the Romans for administrative purposes, and so there were tw...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hispania: Encyclopedia Ii - Hispania - Sources And References
This article draws heavily on the corresponding article in the Spanish-language Wikipedia, which was accessed in the version of February ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Two Military Danger Zones Rebellions Uprisings And Political Consequences
It was relativly easy to rule the Roman Empire, from the central capital of Rome, during peacetime. An eventual rebellion was expected an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Spain - Administrative Divisions
Administratively, Spain is divided into 50 provinces, grouped into 17 autonomous communities and 2 autonomous cities with high degree of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Spain Since 1978
Spain 1978-1982 The Unión del Centro Democrático governments. 1981 The 23-F coup d'état attempt. On February 23 Antonio Tejero, with m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Severan Dynasty 193–235
The Severan dynasty includes the increasingly troubled reigns of Septimius Severus (193–211), Caracalla (211–217), Macrinus (217–21...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Spanish Civil War 1936-1939
In the 1930s, Spanish politics were polarized at the left and right of the political spectrum. The left wing favoured class struggle, lan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Crisis Of The 3rd Century 235–284
The Crisis of the is a commonly applied name for the crumbling and near collapse of the between . It is also called the period of the "mi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - Second Spanish Republic 1931-1939
Under the Second Spanish Republic, women were allowed to vote in general elections for the first time. The Republic devolved substantial ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Five Good Emperors - The Antonine Dynasty 96 – 180
The next century came is known as the period of the "Five Good Emperors", in which the succession was peaceful though not dynastic and th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Spain - The Dictatorship Of Francisco Franco 1936-1975
Spain remained officially neutral in World Wars I and II, but suffered through a devastating Civil War (1936-39). During Franco's rule, S...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Age Of Augustus 31 Bc–ad 14
Roman Empire - Political developments. As a matter of convenience, the Roman Empire is said to have begun with the constitutional settl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Julio-claudian Dynasty: Augustus' Heirs
Augustus, leaving no sons, was succeeded by his stepson Tiberius, the son of his wife Livia from her first marriage. Augustus was a scion...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Two Military Danger Zones Rebellions Uprisings And Political Consequences
It was relativly easy to rule the Roman Empire, from the central capital of Rome, during peacetime. An eventual rebellion was expected an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Flavian Dynasty
The Flavians, although a relatively short lived dynasty, helped restore stability to an empire on its knees. Although there are criticism...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hispania: Encyclopedia Ii - Hispania - Visigoths And Arabs
With time, a secondary form of the word Hispania gained usage: Spania. According to Isidore of Seville, it is with the Visigothic dominat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Spain - Administrative Divisions
Administratively, Spain is divided into 50 provinces, grouped into 17 autonomous communities and 2 autonomous cities with high degree of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Severan Dynasty 193–235
The Severan dynasty includes the increasingly troubled reigns of Septimius Severus (193–211), Caracalla (211–217), Macrinus (217–21...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Five Good Emperors - The Antonine Dynasty 96 – 180
The next century came is known as the period of the "Five Good Emperors", in which the succession was peaceful though not dynastic and th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Flavian Dynasty
The Flavians, although a relatively short lived dynasty, helped restore stability to a empire on its knees. Although there are criticism ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Two Military Danger Zones Rebellions Uprisings And Political Consequences
It was relativly easy to rule the Roman Empire, from the central capital of Rome, during peacetime. A eventual rebellion was expected and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Tetrarchy 285–324
The transition from a single united empire to the later divided Western and Eastern empires was a gradual transformation. In July, 285, D...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Christian Empire 324–395
The beginning of the Roman Empire as a Christian empire lies in 313, with the Edict of Milan. The edict was signed under the reigns of Co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Latifundia: Encyclopedia Ii - Latifundia - European Latifundia
In the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the largely self-sufficient villa-system of the latifundia remained among the few political-...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Latifundia: Encyclopedia Ii - Latifundia - Hellenistic Latifundia
The landscape of the Greek mainland does not lend itself to large estates. Trade in olive oil and wine were typically the produce of many...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Late Antiquity In The West 395–476
The year 476 AD is generally accepted as the end of the Western Roman Empire. In that year, Odoacer deposed his puppet Romulus Augustus (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Julio-claudian Dynasty: Augustus' Heirs
Augustus, leaving no sons, was succeeded by his stepson Tiberius, the son of his wife Livia from her first marriage. Augustus was a scion...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Age Of Augustus 31 Bc–ad 14
Roman Empire - Political developments. As a matter of convenience, the Roman Empire is held to have begun with the constitutional settl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hispania: Encyclopedia Ii - Hispania - Prehistory And Early History
The Iberian peninsula has long been inhabited, first by Early Hominids, such as Homo erectus, Homo heidelbergensis and Homo antecessor. I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hispania: Encyclopedia Ii - Hispania - Origin Of The Name
The term Hispania is Latin and the term Iberia Greek. Surviving Roman texts always use "Hispania" (first mentioned 200 BC by the poet Qui...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Al-andalus: Encyclopedia Ii - Al-andalus - Etymology Of Al-andalus
The etymology of the word "al-Andalus" is uncertain. The word is popularly thought to be derived from the Vandals, the Germanic tribe who...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Al-andalus: Encyclopedia Ii - Al-andalus - History
Al-Andalus - Conquest and early years. In 711 AD, a Moorish Islamic army from North Africa invaded Visigoth Hispania. Under their leade...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hispania: Encyclopedia Ii - Hispania - The Hispanias
During the first stages of romanization, the peninsula was divided in two by the Romans for administrative purposes, and so there were tw...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hispania: Encyclopedia Ii - Hispania - Later History
Christianity was introduced into Hispania in the first century and it became popular in the cities in the second century. Little headway ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Historians' Viewpoints On The Evolution Of Imperial Rome
Because the empire of Rome lasted for such a long period of time (31 BC– 1453 AD), there are certain alternative names used by historia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hispania: Encyclopedia Ii - Hispania - Sources And References
This article draws heavily on the corresponding article in the Spanish-language Wikipedia, which was accessed in the version of February ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hispania: Encyclopedia Ii - Hispania - Visigoths And Arabs
With time, a secondary form of the word Hispania gained usage: Spania. According to Isidore of Seville, it is with the Visigothic dominat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lusitania: Encyclopedia Ii - Lusitania - Lusitanians
The Lusitani may have come from the Alps and established themselves in the region in the 6th century BC, but historians and archeologists...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lusitania: Encyclopedia Ii - Lusitania - The War With Rome
The Lusitani are mentioned for the first time in Livy (218 BC) and are described as Carthaginian mercenaries; they are reported as fighti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Spain - Religion
Roman Catholicism is, by far, the most popular religion in the country. According to several sources (CIA World Fact Book 2005, Spanish o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Spain - Identities
The Spanish Constitution of 1978, in its second article, recognizes historic entities ("nationalities," a carefully chosen word in order ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Spain - Demographics
Main article: Demographics of Spain The Spanish Constitution, although affirming the sovereignty of the Spanish Nation, recognizes histor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Spain - Economy
Main article: Economy of Spain Spain's mixed capitalist economy supports a GDP that on a per capita basis is 87% that of the four leading...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seville: Encyclopedia Ii - Seville - Sights
The city's cathedral was built from 1401–1519 after the Reconquista on the former site of the city's mosque. It is the largest of all m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seville: Encyclopedia Ii - Seville - Trivia
Seville is known for its hot summer weather, reaching even 50.0°C (122.0°F) on August 4, 1881, the record heat for Europe. The Sevillan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Villa: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Villa - Villas In Britannia
Numerous Roman villas have been meticulously examined in England. Like their Italian counterparts, they were complete working agrarian so...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Roman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Roman Empire - Historians' Viewpoints On The Evolution Of Imperial Rome
Because the empire of Rome lasted for such a long period of time (31 BC– 1453 AD), there are certain alternative names used by historia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seville: Encyclopedia Ii - Seville - Sports
Home town of two rival soccer teams Real Betis Balompié and Sevilla FC. Seville hosted the 7th Athletics World Championships in 1999. Se...   » Read the article