Abdera was an ancient seaport town on the south coast of Spain, between Malaca (now Málaga) and Carthago Nova (now Cartagena), in the district inhabited by the Bastuli. It was founded by the Carthaginians as a trading station, and after a period of decline became under the Romans one of the more important towns in the province of Hispania Baetica. It was situated on a hill above the modern Adra. Of its coins the most ancient bear the Phoenician inscription abdrt with the head of Heracles (Melkarth) and a tunny-fi ...

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Córdoba Spain - Roman Córdoba in Hispania Baetica. In Roman times, the city had more cultural buildings than Rome. It was the capital of the province of Hispania Baetica. Remains of the Roman Temple built by Claudius Marcellus, the Roman Bridge (illustration, right) and other Roman remains can still be seen around the city. Córdoba Spain - Caliphate of Córdoba. Córdoba (Arabic قرطبه Qurṭubah) was conquered by the Moors in 711, and Moorish ...

See also:

Córdoba Spain, Córdoba Spain - History of Córdoba, Córdoba Spain - Roman Córdoba in Hispania Baetica, Córdoba Spain - Caliphate of Córdoba, Córdoba Spain - Christian Córdoba, Córdoba Spain - Modern Córdoba

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Córdoba is a city in Andalucía, southern Spain, and the capital of the province of Córdoba. Located at 37.88° North, 4.77° West, on the Guadalquivir river, it was founded in ancient Roman times as Corduba by Claudius Marcellus. Its population is about 321,000 as of 2004. Today a moderately sized modern city, the old town contains many impressive architectural reminders of when Córdoba was the thriving capital of the Caliphate of Cordoba that governed almost all of the Iberian peninsula. Córdoba was the birt ...

Including:

• Córdoba Spain - History of Córdoba
• Córdoba Spain - Roman Córdoba in Hispania Baetica
• Córdoba Spain - Caliphate of Córdoba
• Córdoba Spain - Christian Córdoba
• Córdoba Spain - Modern Córdoba

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The Vandals were an East Germanic tribe that entered the late Roman Empire during the 5th century and created a state in North Africa, centered on the city of Carthage. The Vandals may have given their name to the province of Andalusia (originally, Vandalusia, then Arabic Al-Andalus), in the south of Spain, where they temporarily settled before pushing on to Africa. The Goth Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths and regent of the Visigoths, was allied by marriage with the Vandals, as well as with the Burgund ...

Including:

• Vandals - Origins
• Vandals - History
• Vandals - Gaul
• Vandals - Iberia
• Vandals - Africa
• Vandals - Sack of Rome
• Vandals - Decline
• Vandals - List of kings
• Vandals - Vandalic language
• Vandals - Modern heritage

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The Visigoths were one of two main branches of the Goths, the Ostrogoths being the other. Together these tribes were among the loosely-termed Germanic peoples who disturbed the late Roman Empire during the Migration Period. After the collapse of the western Roman Empire the Visigoths played a major role in western European affairs for another two and a half centuries. Visigoth - Visigoths as Tervingi. The naming of this people is problematic. Some time shortly after 291 Mamertinus made a eulogy of Em ...

Including:

• Visigoth - Visigoths as Tervingi
• Visigoth - Early history
• Visigoth - Visigothic Kingdom in Aquitaine
• Visigoth - Visigothic Kingdom in Iberia
• Visigoth - Kings of the Visigoths
• Visigoth - Early kings
• Visigoth - Balti dynasty
• Visigoth - Later kings
• Visigoth - Doubtful kings
• Visigoth - Select bibliography

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Andalusia (Spanish: Andalucía) is a Historical Nationality of Spain like Catalonia or Basque Country. Andalusia is one of the seventeen autonomous communities that constitute Spain. Its capital is Seville. Andalusia is bounded on the north by Extremadura and Castile-La Mancha, on the east by Murcia, on the south by the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean and Gibraltar, and on the west by Portugal. Tartessos, the capital of a once great and powerful Civilization, was located in Andalusia, a ...

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Worms Germany - Celts and Romans. The city has existed since before Roman times, when it was captured and fortified by the Romans under Drusus in 14 BCE. From that time, a small troop of infantry and cavalry were garrisoned in Augusta Vangionum this gave the settlement its romanized but originally Celtic name Borbetomagus. (Many fanciful variant names for Worms exist only upon the title pages of books printed when Worms was an early center of printing: William Tyndale's translation of the Bible was ...

Including:

• Worms Germany - History
• Worms Germany - Celts and Romans
• Worms Germany - The Middle Ages
• Worms Germany - Golden age
• Worms Germany - Judaism in Worms
• Worms Germany - Destruction and Rebuilding
• Worms Germany - Town twinning

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Al-Andalus - Conquest and early years. In 711 AD, a Moorish Islamic army from North Africa invaded Visigoth Hispania. Under their leader Tariq ibn-Ziyad, a small force landed at Gibraltar on April 30, 711. After a decisive victory at the Battle of Guadalete on July 19, 711, Tariq ibn-Ziyad brought most of the Iberian Peninsula under Islamic rule in a seven-year campaign. They moved northeast across the Pyrenees but were defeated by the Frank Charles Martel at the Battle of Tours in 732. The Iberian peninsula, exc ...

Including:

• Al-Andalus - History
• Al-Andalus - Conquest and early years
• Al-Andalus - The Emirate and Caliphate of Córdoba
• Al-Andalus - The First Taifa Period
• Al-Andalus - Almoravids Almohads and Marīnids
• Al-Andalus - The Emirate of Granada
• Al-Andalus - Aftermath
• Al-Andalus - Culture
• Al-Andalus - Non-Muslims Dhimmi under the Caliphate
• Al-Andalus - Philosophy
• Al-Andalus - Etymology of al-Andalus
• Al-Andalus - Vandalícia
• Al-Andalus - Atlántida
• Al-Andalus - Landahlauts

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Abdera was an ancient seaport town on the south coast of Spain, between Malaca (now Málaga) and Carthago Nova (now Cartagena), in the district inhabited by the Bastuli. It was founded by the Carthaginians as a trading station, and after a period of decline became under the Romans one of the more important towns in the province of Hispania Baetica. It was situated on a hill above the modern Adra. Of its coins the most ancient bear the Phoenician inscription abdrt with the head of Heracles (Melkarth) and a tunny-fi ...

Read more here: » Abdera Spain: Encyclopedia - Abdera Spain

The basis of the latifundia in Italy and Sicily was the ager publicus that fell to the dispensation of the state through Rome's policy of war in the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD. As much as a third of the arable land of a new province was taken for agri publici and then divided up with at least the fiction of a competitive auction for leaseholdings rather than outright ownership. Later in the Empire, as leases were inherited, ownership of the former common lands became establish ...

See also:

Latifundia, Latifundia - Hellenistic Latifundia, Latifundia - Roman Latifundia, Latifundia - European Latifundia, Latifundia - American Latifundia

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Worms was a Christian bishopric since 614 (but was secularized in 1801 and passed to Hesse-Darmstadt). In the Frankish Empire, the city was the location of an important palatinate of Charlemagne (Karl der Grosse), who built one of his many administrative palaces here. The bishops administered the city and its territory. The most famous of the early medieval bishops was Burchard of Worms. The Worms cathedral is one of the finest examples of Romanesque architecture in Germany. Alongside the nearby Romanesque cathedrals of Speyer ...

See also:

Worms Germany, Worms Germany - History, Worms Germany - Celts and Romans, Worms Germany - The Middle Ages, Worms Germany - Golden age, Worms Germany - Judaism in Worms, Worms Germany - Destruction and Rebuilding, Worms Germany - Town twinning

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The etymology of Lusitania, like the origin of the Lusitani, is unclear. The name may be of Celtic origin: Lus and Tanus, "tribe of Lusus". others say that Lusitania means "City of light". Ancient Romans, such as Pliny the Elder (Natural History, 3.5) and Varro (cited by Pliny), speculated that the name Lusitania was of Roman origin, as when Pliny says lusum enim liberi patris aut lyssam cum eo bacchantium nomen dedisse lusitaniae et pana praefectum eius universae: that Lusitania takes its nam ...

See also:

Lusitania, Lusitania - Origin of the name, Lusitania - Lusitanians, Lusitania - The war with Rome, Lusitania - Roman province

Read more here: » Lusitania: Encyclopedia II - Lusitania - Origin of the name

The major part of the Punic Wars, fought between the Punic Carthaginians and the Romans, was fought on Iberian lands. Rome gained control of the Iberian Peninsula in 201 BC after the defeat of Carthage in the Second Punic War. By then the Romans had adopted the Carthaginian name, romanized first as Ispania. The term later received an H, much like what happened with Hibernia, and was pluralized as Hispanias< ...

See also:

Hispania, Hispania - Origin of the Name, Hispania - Prehistory and Early History, Hispania - Roman Hispania, Hispania - The Hispaniae 'Spains', Hispania - Later History, Hispania - Visigoths and Arabs, Hispania - Sources and References, Hispania - Modern sources in Spanish and Portuguese, Hispania - Other Modern sources, Hispania - Classical sources

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The Vandals were divided in two tribal groups, the Silingi and the Hasdingi. The Silingi lived in an area recorded for centuries as Magna Germania, now Silesia. In the 2nd century, the Hasdingi, led by the kings Raus and Rapt (or Rhaus and Raptus) moved south, and first attacked the Romans in the lower Danube area, then made peace and settled in western Dacia (Romania) and Roman Hungary. In 400 or 401, possibly because of attacks by the Huns, the Vandals along with their allies, (the Sarmatian Alans and Germanic Suebians), star ...

See also:

Vandals, Vandals - Origins, Vandals - History, Vandals - Gaul, Vandals - Iberia, Vandals - Africa, Vandals - Sack of Rome, Vandals - Decline, Vandals - List of kings, Vandals - Vandalic language, Vandals - Modern heritage

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The Imperial Roman province called Tarraconensis, supplanted Hispania Citerior, which had been ruled by a consul under the late Republic, in Augustus Caesar's reorganization of 27 BCE. Its capital was at Tarraco (modern Tarragona, Catalonia). The Cantabrian Wars (29–19 BCE) brought all of Spain under Roman domination, within the Tarraconensis. The Cantabri in the northwest corner of Iberi ...

See also:

Hispania Tarraconensis, Hispania Tarraconensis - History, Hispania Tarraconensis - People, Hispania Tarraconensis - Religion, Hispania Tarraconensis - Exports

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Upper class, wealthy Roman Citizens in the countryside around Rome and throughout the Empire lived in villa-complexes, the accommodation for rural farms. The villa-complex consisted of three parts. The "Villa Urbana" where the owner and his family lived. This would be similar to the wealthy-person's domus in the city and would have painted walls and artistic mosaics on the floors. The "Villa Rustica" where the staff and slaves of the villa worked and lived. This was also the living ...

See also:

Roman villa, Roman villa - Architecture of the villa complex, Roman villa - Villas in Britannia, Roman villa - Source

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Spain - Prehistory. The indigenous peoples peoples of the Iberian peninsula, consisting of a number of separate tribes, are given the generic name of Iberians. This may have included the Basques, as one of the pre-Celtic people. The most important culture of this period is that of the city of Tartessos. Beginning in the 9th century BC, Celtic tribes entered the Iberian peninsula through the Pyrenees and settled throughout the peninsula, becoming the Celtiberians. The seafaring Phoenicians, Greeks and Carthaginians successively settled along the ...

See also:

Spain, Spain - History, Spain - Prehistory, Spain - Roman Empire, Spain - Muslim Spain, Spain - The Fall of Muslim Rule, Spain - From the Renaissance to the 19th Century, Spain - 20th century, Spain - 21st century, Spain - Politics, Spain - Administrative divisions, Spain - Autonomous communities, Spain - Provinces, Spain - Places of sovereignty, Spain - Geography, Spain - Most populous metropolitan areas, Spain - Territorial disputes, Spain - Economy, Spain - Demographics, Spain - Identities, Spain - Minority groups, Spain - Religion, Spain - International rankings, Spain - Other images

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Roman Hispalis, in the province of Hispania Baetica, became ʾIšbīliyyah (Arabic أشبيليّة) under the Moors. Though Greeks and Romans repeated a founding myth connected with Heracles' visit to the Hesperides the historical site was occupied by the Tartessos in the 8th or 9th century BCE. Later it was a trading colony occupied by the Phoenicians and the Carthaginians, who destroyed the city in 216 BCE. In 206 BCE, Scipio Africanus founded Italica nearby, to settle his wounded veterans, and be ...

See also:

Seville, Seville - History, Seville - Seville the port, Seville - Modern Seville, Seville - Sights, Seville - Festivals, Seville - Sweets from Seville, Seville - Education, Seville - Trivia, Seville - Famous people born in Seville, Seville - Sports, Seville - Motto, Seville - Seville in fiction

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The expulsion of the Muslims was reputedly started by the first King of Asturias, named Pelayo (718-737), who started his fight against the Moors in the mountains of Covadonga (722). Later, his sons and descendants continued with his work until all of the Muslims were expelled. Meanwhile, in the east of the peninsula the Frankish emperors established the Marca Hispanica across the Pyrenees in pa ...

See also:

History of Spain, History of Spain - Early history, History of Spain - Visigothic Hispania 5th-8th centuries, History of Spain - Al-Andalus 8th-15th centuries, History of Spain - Reconquista 8th-15th centuries, History of Spain - Spain under the Habsburgs 16th-17th centuries, History of Spain - The Enlightenment: Spain under the Bourbons 18th century, History of Spain - Napoleonic Wars: War of Spanish Independence 1808-1814, History of Spain - Spain in the nineteenth century 1814-1873, History of Spain - First Spanish Republic 1873-1874, History of Spain - The Restoration 1874-1931, History of Spain - Second Spanish Republic 1931-1939, History of Spain - Spanish Civil War 1936-1939, History of Spain - The dictatorship of Francisco Franco 1936-1975, History of Spain - The transition to democracy 1975-1978, History of Spain - Spain since 1978

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Roman Empire - Under Constantine 330–337 and his sons 337–361. Constantinople would serve as the capital of Constantine the Great from May 11, 330 to his death on May 22, 337. The Empire was parted again among his three surviving sons.The Western Roman Empire was divided among the eldest son Constantine II and the youngest son Constans. The Eastern Roman Empire al ...

See also:

Roman Empire, Roman Empire - Historians' viewpoints on the evolution of Imperial Rome, Roman Empire - Age of Augustus 31 BC–AD 14, Roman Empire - Political developments, Roman Empire - Cultural developments, Roman Empire - Sources, Roman Empire - Julio-Claudian dynasty: Augustus' heirs, Roman Empire - Two military Danger Zones Rebellions Uprisings and political consequences, Roman Empire - Flavian Dynasty, Roman Empire - Five Good Emperors - The Antonine Dynasty 96 – 180, Roman Empire - Commodus 180–192, Roman Empire - Severan dynasty 193–235, Roman Empire - Crisis of the 3rd Century 235–284, Roman Empire - Tetrarchy 285–324, Roman Empire - Christian Empire 324–395, Roman Empire - Late Antiquity in the West 395–476, Roman Empire - From Roman to Byzantine in the East, Roman Empire - Under Constantine 330–337 and his sons 337–361, Roman Empire - Under Julian & Jovian 361–364, Roman Empire - Valentinian Dynasty 364–392, Roman Empire - Battle of Adrianople 378, Roman Empire - Disturbed peace in the West 383, Roman Empire - Theodosian Dynasty 392–395, Roman Empire - Later Eastern Empire 476–1461, Roman Empire - Roman Provinces, Roman Empire - Emperors, Roman Empire - Ancient Historians of the Empire, Roman Empire - Latin Literature of the Empire

Read more here: » Roman Empire: Encyclopedia II - Roman Empire - From Roman to Byzantine in the East