Hindu calendar - History

Hindu calendar - History: Encyclopedia - Hindu calendar

The Hindu calendar is of two types: the solar calendar or the saura māna the lunisolar calendar or the chāndra māna Both are described in this article. Hindu calendar - Basic structure. The structure of the Hindu calendar is of course composed of days making months making years. The system of describing days is the same in both the solar and lunisolar calendars. The system of describing months and hence years is what distinguishes the solar and lunisolar ...

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Hindu calendar - History: Encyclopedia II - Hindu calendar - History The Hindu Calendar descends from the Vedic times. There are many references to calendrics in the Vedas. The Vedānga (adjunct to Veda) called Jyautisha (literally, "celestial body study") prescribed all the aspects of the Hindu calendars. After the Vedic period, there were many scholars such as Āryabhata (5th century), Varāhamihira (6th century) and Bhāskara (12th century) who were experts in Jyautisha and contributed to the development of the Hindu Calendar. The most widely used authoritative text for the Hindu Calendars in the Sūrya Siddhānta, a text of uncertain ...

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Read more here: » Jyotisha: Encyclopedia - Jyotisha

Hindu calendar - History: Encyclopedia - Ganesh Chaturthi

Ganesh Chaturthi is the birth anniversary of Lord Ganesha. The festival celebrating Lord Ganesha's birth is called Ganeshotsav and is observed in the Hindu calendar month of Bhaadrapada, starting on the shukla chaturthi (fourth day of the waxing moon period). While held all over India, it is at its most elaborate in Maharashtra, and other areas which were former states of the Maratha Empire. This typically comes sometime between 20th of August and 15th of September. The festival lasts for 10 days, ending o ...

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Hindu calendar - History: Encyclopedia - Dating Creation

History of creationism Creation in Genesis Types of creationism: Young Earth creationism - Creation science Old Earth creationism Omphalos creationism Theistic evolution Neo-Creationism Islamic creationism Intelligent design - Intelligent design movement Modern geocentrism Controversy: Creation vs. evolution ... in public education ...

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Dating Creation - Creation dates

Hindu calendar - History: Encyclopedia II - Jyotisha - Foundations

Jyotisha's many lineages or paramparas emphasize that its study is a sadhana or technique of mental and existential development. In modern times it is a chief source of reference for many Hindus and other spiritual practitioners with common ties globally. In addition to sustaining its own lore, commentary and debates on the dilemmas of fate and free will and the philosophy of karma, jyotish maintains a virtual materia medica of remedies for difficulties found in horoscopes. Vedic astrologers will frequently prescribe special stones, o ...

Year There are several years -- the sidereal, tropical, lunar, and others -- known to astronomy and calendrical science. Among nations we find numerous artificial years used for purposes of adapting civil requirements to celestial necessities, or for carrying out particular methods of computation: e.g., the year of 365 days, the Julian year of 365 1/4 days, an ancient Mexican year of 260 days, and a variety of Hindu years.

There is also the occult year of 360 days, which may be looked upon as a year based upon a deep knowledge of astronomy and celestial principles. The year of 360 days may likewise be considered as an average, i.e., the year which the earth hovers around and attempts through the evolving cycles of time to attain and to hold. The lunar year of twelve lunations has been widely used in ancient times, and is still used by some nations; and there is a large number of intercalary devices for accommodating this to the solar year. Blavatsky speaks of years of six months and of two months (SD 2:621), and uses the word year as synonymous with cycle as applicable to various periods, known or secret, and even to so long a cycle as that of the precession.

The solstices and equinoxes are found in history as starting points for the year among different nations. Our own was intended for the winter solstice, but confusions of the calendar have shifted the date. The 4th of January is mentioned in theosophical writings as being the right time for the beginning of the civil year, as marking the date of the first full moon after a winter solstice coincident with a new moon. This has relation to initiatory rites.

The solar year has sometimes been used correctly enough as a symbol of solar gods and powers. Its length in full days, 365, is given by the letters in certain names, taken as numerals in accordance with the rules of the Greek alphabet: Abraxas, Meithras, Neilos, all add up to 365. This is often contrasted with the lunar year of 354 days, for which similar symbolism may be found.

The actual mysteries connected with the computations of the annual cycle of the sun are very numerous, yet all have a common background of identic fact, though the details vary considerably from people to people. As an example of the many ideas connected with the year, what is now popularly but rather mistakenly called the Babylonian method of dividing the circle or a cycle of time into 360 divisions called degrees, and each such degree again into 60 minutes, and each minute again into 60 seconds, was itself based on the occult year of 360 days, each day consisting of 12, or indeed 24, hours, each hour consisting of 60 minutes, and each minute again comprising 60 seconds.

Hindu calendar - History: Encyclopedia II - Hindu calendar - Day

The Hindu calendrical day starts with local sunrise. It is allotted five "properties", called anga-s. They are: the tithi active at sunrise the vaasara or weekday the nakshatra in which the moon resides at sunrise the yoga active at sunrise the karana active at sunrise. Together these are called the panchānga-s where pancha means "five" in Sanskrit. An explanation of the terms follows. See also:

Hindu calendar, Hindu calendar - Basic structure, Hindu calendar - Day, Hindu calendar - Tithi, Hindu calendar - Vaasara, Hindu calendar - Nakshatra, Hindu calendar - Yoga, Hindu calendar - Karana, Hindu calendar - Month and year of the solar calendar, Hindu calendar - Months of the lunisolar calendar, Hindu calendar - Naming lunar months, Hindu calendar - Religious observances in case of extra and lost months, Hindu calendar - Year of the lunisolar calendar, Hindu calendar - Another kind of lunisolar calendar, Hindu calendar - Correspondence of the lunisolar calendar to the solar calendar, Hindu calendar - Year numbering, Hindu calendar - Year names, Hindu calendar - Eras, Hindu calendar - History

Hindu calendar - History: Encyclopedia II - Hindu calendar - Year numbering

The epoch (starting point or first day of the first year) of the current era of Hindu calendar (both solar and lunisolar) is BCE 3102 January 23 on the proleptic Gregorian calendar (i.e. the Gregorian calendar extended back in time before its promulgation from 1582 October 15). Both the solar and lunisolar calendars started on this date. After that, each year is labeled by the number of years elapsed since the epoch. This is a unique feature of the Hindu calendar. All other systems use the current ordinal number of the year as ...

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