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Hindu calendar - Eras | A Wisdom Archive on Hindu calendar - Eras | | Hindu calendar - Eras A selection of articles related to Hindu calendar - Eras | |
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Hindu calendar, Hindu calendar - Another kind of lunisolar calendar, Hindu calendar - Basic structure, Hindu calendar - Correspondence of the lunisolar calendar to the solar calendar, Hindu calendar - Day, Hindu calendar - Eras, Hindu calendar - History, Hindu calendar - Karana, Hindu calendar - Month and year of the solar calendar, Hindu calendar - Months of the lunisolar calendar, Hindu calendar - Nakshatra, Hindu calendar - Naming lunar months, Hindu calendar - Religious observances in case of extra and lost months, Hindu calendar - Vaasara, Hindu calendar - Year names, Hindu calendar - Year numbering, Hindu calendar - Year of the lunisolar calendar, Hindu calendar - Yoga, Indian national calendar, Jyotish, Metrics of time in Hinduism, Samvat, Bangla Calendar
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ARTICLES RELATED TO Hindu calendar - Eras | |
| | |  Hindu calendar - Eras: Encyclopedia II - Hindu calendar - Eras
Hindu mythology speaks of four eras or ages, of which we are currently in the last. The four are:
Krita Yuga or Satya Yuga
Tretā Yuga
Dvāpara Yuga
Kali Yuga
They are often translated into English as the golden, silver, bronze and iron ages. (Yuga means era or age.) It is believed that the ages see a gradual decline of dharma, wisdom, knowledge, intellectual capability, life span and emotional and physical strength. The epoch provided above is the start of the Kali Yuga. The Ka ...
See also:Hindu calendar, Hindu calendar - Basic structure, Hindu calendar - Day, Hindu calendar - Tithi, Hindu calendar - Vaasara, Hindu calendar - Nakshatra, Hindu calendar - Yoga, Hindu calendar - Karana, Hindu calendar - Month and year of the solar calendar, Hindu calendar - Months of the lunisolar calendar, Hindu calendar - Naming lunar months, Hindu calendar - Religious observances in case of extra and lost months, Hindu calendar - Year of the lunisolar calendar, Hindu calendar - Another kind of lunisolar calendar, Hindu calendar - Correspondence of the lunisolar calendar to the solar calendar, Hindu calendar - Year numbering, Hindu calendar - Year names, Hindu calendar - Eras, Hindu calendar - History Read more here: » Hindu calendar: Encyclopedia II - Hindu calendar - Eras |
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| | | | Hindu calendar - Eras: Encyclopedia II - Hindu calendar - Month and year of the solar calendar Now that the days are defined, we shall speak of how the solar calendar reckons its months and year.
As has been previously noted, the sun is observed to travel along the ecliptic. The ecliptic is now divided into twelve parts called rāshi-s, starting from the point of Meshādi defined above and moving eastwards. They are:
Mesha
Vrishabha
Mithuna
Kataka
Simha
Kanyā
Tulā
Vrishchika
Dhanus
Makara
Kumbha
Mīna ...
See also:Hindu calendar, Hindu calendar - Basic structure, Hindu calendar - Day, Hindu calendar - Tithi, Hindu calendar - Vaasara, Hindu calendar - Nakshatra, Hindu calendar - Yoga, Hindu calendar - Karana, Hindu calendar - Month and year of the solar calendar, Hindu calendar - Months of the lunisolar calendar, Hindu calendar - Naming lunar months, Hindu calendar - Religious observances in case of extra and lost months, Hindu calendar - Year of the lunisolar calendar, Hindu calendar - Another kind of lunisolar calendar, Hindu calendar - Correspondence of the lunisolar calendar to the solar calendar, Hindu calendar - Year numbering, Hindu calendar - Year names, Hindu calendar - Eras, Hindu calendar - History Read more here: » Hindu calendar: Encyclopedia II - Hindu calendar - Month and year of the solar calendar |
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| | | | Hindu calendar - Eras: Encyclopedia - Vedic Timeline According to Hindu mythology, the universe is cyclically created and destroyed. The life span of Brahma, the creator, is 120 divine years (Mahakalpamu). Everyday Brahma creates 14 Manus one after the other, who in turn create and regulate the world. Thus, there are fourteen generations of Manu in one day (Kalpamu) of Brahma. Each Manu’s life (Manvantaramu) consists of 71 quartets of eras. Each quartet is composed of four eras: Krita, Treta, Dvapara and Kali. The span of Krita era is 1,728,000 human years, Treta era is 1,296,000 human years ...
Including:
Read more here: » Vedic Timeline: Encyclopedia - Vedic Timeline |
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| | | | Hindu calendar - Eras: Encyclopedia II - Indian national calendar - Calendar structure In leap years, Chaitra has 31 days and starts on March 21 instead. Like the Persian calendar, the months in the first half of the year all have 31 days, to take into account the slower movement of the sun across the ecliptic at this time.
The names of the months are derived from older, Hindu lunisolar calendars, so variations in spelling exist, and there is a possible source of confusion as to what calendar a date belongs to.
Years are counted in the Saka Era, which starts its year 0 in 78. To determine leap years, add 78 to the Saka year - if the result is a leap year in the ...
See also:Indian national calendar, Indian national calendar - Calendar structure, Indian national calendar - Adoption Read more here: » Indian national calendar: Encyclopedia II - Indian national calendar - Calendar structure |
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| | | | Hindu calendar - Eras: Encyclopedia II - Indian national calendar - Adoption The calendar was introduced by the Calendar Reform Committee in 1957, as part of the Indian Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac, which also contained other astronomical data, as well as timings and formulae for preparing Hindu religious calendars, in an attempt to harmonise this practise. Despite this effort, local variations based on older sources such as the Surya Siddhanta may still exist.
Usage officially started at Chaitra 1, 1879 Saka Era, or March 22, 1957. However, government officials seem to largely ignore the New Year's Day of t ...
See also:Indian national calendar, Indian national calendar - Calendar structure, Indian national calendar - Adoption Read more here: » Indian national calendar: Encyclopedia II - Indian national calendar - Adoption |
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| | | | Hindu calendar - Eras: Encyclopedia II - Year zero - Other year zero traditions
Year zero - South Asian moon calendars.
All eras used with Hindu and Buddhist calendars, such as the Saka era or the Kali Yuga, begin with a year 0 because all of these calendars use elapsed, expired, or complete years, in contrast with most other calendars which use current years. A complete year had not yet elapsed for any date in the year beginning at the epoch, thus that could not be year 1 — instead, it was year 0. This is similar to the Western method of stating a person's age — people do not reach age ...
See also:Year zero, Year zero - Historians, Year zero - Astronomers, Year zero - Other year zero traditions, Year zero - South Asian moon calendars, Year zero - Mesoamerican Maya historians, Year zero - Third millennium, Year zero - Media, Year zero - Notes Read more here: » Year zero: Encyclopedia II - Year zero - Other year zero traditions |
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| | | | Hindu calendar - Eras: Encyclopedia II - Vikramāditya - The Jain monk account The traditional Indian sources on Vikramaditya make no association of this name with any Gupta king. It is usually taken as a personal name and not a title. Further, no historical evidence has been found of any king of Ujjain having existed with this title during 1st century BCE.
However, in a recorded form, a possibility arises of a historical record of this name in "Kalakacharya Kathanaka", a work by a Jain sage called Mahesara Suri (Probably circa 12th century CE). The Kathanaka (meaning, "an account") tells the story of a f ...
See also:Vikramāditya, Vikramāditya - The Jain monk account, Vikramāditya - The legend of Vikramaditya, Vikramāditya - Nine Gems and Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain, Vikramāditya - The Vikrama Samvat Vikrama Era, Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya and Shalivahana, Vikramāditya - The Gupta King, Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya inscription in the Kaaba in Mecca, Vikramāditya - See Also Read more here: » Vikramāditya: Encyclopedia II - Vikramāditya - The Jain monk account |
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| | | | Hindu calendar - Eras: Encyclopedia II - Vikramāditya - Nine Gems and Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain The Indian tradition claims that Kalidasa, Vetalbhatt (or Vetalabhatta), Vararuchi and Varahamihira were a part of Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain. The king is said to have had nine such men of letters, called the "nava-ratna" (literally, Nine Gems).
Kalidasa was the legendary Sanskrit laureate. Varahmihira was a soothsayer of prominence of the era who predicted the death of Vikramaditya’s son. Vetalbhatt was a brahmin. He is known to have attributed the work of the sixteen stanza "Niti-pradeepa" (See also:Vikramāditya, Vikramāditya - The Jain monk account, Vikramāditya - The legend of Vikramaditya, Vikramāditya - Nine Gems and Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain, Vikramāditya - The Vikrama Samvat Vikrama Era, Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya and Shalivahana, Vikramāditya - The Gupta King, Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya inscription in the Kaaba in Mecca, Vikramāditya - See Also Read more here: » Vikramāditya: Encyclopedia II - Vikramāditya - Nine Gems and Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain |
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| | | | Hindu calendar - Eras: Encyclopedia II - Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya and Shalivahana Legand has it that Saka King Shalivahana defeated Vikramaditya and captured Ujjain in the 1st century AD. As a result, the Shalivahana era (also called Saka era) was initiated in 78 AD by Shalivahana to celebrate his victory. The capital of the empire remained as Pratisthana. The tale of this battle is adjectively recorded in "Katha-Saritsagara".
Shalivahana is a legendary figure in Indian history, and the king is usually identified with the Satavahana king Gautamiputra Satakarani. ...
See also:Vikramāditya, Vikramāditya - The Jain monk account, Vikramāditya - The legend of Vikramaditya, Vikramāditya - Nine Gems and Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain, Vikramāditya - The Vikrama Samvat Vikrama Era, Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya and Shalivahana, Vikramāditya - The Gupta King, Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya inscription in the Kaaba in Mecca, Vikramāditya - See Also Read more here: » Vikramāditya: Encyclopedia II - Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya and Shalivahana |
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| | | | Hindu calendar - Eras: Encyclopedia II - Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya inscription in the Kaaba in Mecca A reference to king Vikramaditya comes in inscription found in the Kaaba in Mecca [1] proving beyond doubt that the Arabian Peninsula formed a part of his Empire.
The text of the crucial Vikramaditya inscription, found inscribed on a gold dish hung inside the Kaaba shrine in Mecca, is found recorded in a volume known as Sayar-ul-Okul (meaning, memorable words) treasured in the Makhtab-e-Sultania library in Istanbul, Turkey.
See also: Vikramāditya, Vikramāditya - The Jain monk account, Vikramāditya - The legend of Vikramaditya, Vikramāditya - Nine Gems and Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain, Vikramāditya - The Vikrama Samvat Vikrama Era, Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya and Shalivahana, Vikramāditya - The Gupta King, Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya inscription in the Kaaba in Mecca, Vikramāditya - See Also Read more here: » Vikramāditya: Encyclopedia II - Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya inscription in the Kaaba in Mecca |
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| | | | Hindu calendar - Eras: Encyclopedia II - Vikramāditya - The Jain monk account The traditional Indian dating, using a calendar supposed to have been established by Vikramaditya makes him a 1st century BCE king. However, the generally adopted dates for the known Indian kings and dynasties do not place any Vikramaditya in this period.
In a recorded form, the possibility of such a king is seen in "Kalakacharya Kathanaka", a work by a Jain sage called Mahesara Suri (Probably circa 12th century CE). The Kathanaka (meaning, "an account") tells the story of a famed Jain monk Kalakacharya. It mentions that ...
See also:Vikramāditya, Vikramāditya - The Jain monk account, Vikramāditya - The legend of Vikramaditya, Vikramāditya - Nine Gems and Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain, Vikramāditya - The Vikrama Samvat Vikrama Era, Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya and Shalivahana, Vikramāditya - The Gupta King, Vikramāditya - Inscription in the Kaaba in Mecca, Vikramāditya - See Also Read more here: » Vikramāditya: Encyclopedia II - Vikramāditya - The Jain monk account |
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| | | | Hindu calendar - Eras: Encyclopedia II - Vikramāditya - Nine Gems and Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain The Indian tradition claims that Kalidasa, Vetalbhatt (or Vetalabhatta), Vararuchi and Varahamihira were a part of Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain. The king is said to have had nine such men of letters, called the "nava-ratna" (literally, Nine Gems).
Kalidasa was the legendary Sanskrit laureate. Varahmihira was a soothsayer of prominence of the era who predicted the death of Vikramaditya’s son. Vetalbhatt was a brahmin. He is known to have attributed the work of the sixteen stanza "Niti-pradeepa" (See also:Vikramāditya, Vikramāditya - The Jain monk account, Vikramāditya - The legend of Vikramaditya, Vikramāditya - Nine Gems and Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain, Vikramāditya - The Vikrama Samvat Vikrama Era, Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya and Shalivahana, Vikramāditya - The Gupta King, Vikramāditya - Inscription in the Kaaba in Mecca, Vikramāditya - See Also Read more here: » Vikramāditya: Encyclopedia II - Vikramāditya - Nine Gems and Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain |
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| | | | Hindu calendar - Eras: Encyclopedia II - Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya and Shalivahana Legand has it that Saka King Shalivahana defeated Vikramaditya and captured Ujjain in the 1st century AD. As a result, the Shalivahana era (also called Saka era) was initiated in 78 AD by Shalivahana to celebrate his victory. The capital of the empire remained as Pratisthana. The tale of this battle is recorded in "Katha-Saritsagara".
Shalivahana is a legendary figure in Indian history, and the king is usually identified with the Satavahana king Gautamiputra Satakarani. The Satavahanas ruled much before the Guptas from Pratisthana. See also:Vikramāditya, Vikramāditya - The Jain monk account, Vikramāditya - The legend of Vikramaditya, Vikramāditya - Nine Gems and Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain, Vikramāditya - The Vikrama Samvat Vikrama Era, Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya and Shalivahana, Vikramāditya - The Gupta King, Vikramāditya - Inscription in the Kaaba in Mecca, Vikramāditya - See Also Read more here: » Vikramāditya: Encyclopedia II - Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya and Shalivahana |
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