Hindi (हिन्दी hindī) is an Indo-European language spoken mainly in North, Central India and Western India. It is part of a dialect continuum of the Indo-Aryan family, bounded on the northwest and west by Panjābī, Sindhī, and Gujarātī; on the south by Marāthī; on the southeast by Orīya; on the east by Bengālī; and on the north by Nepālī. Hindi also refers to a standardized register of Hindustani that was made one of the official languages of India. The grammatical descript ...

Including:

• Hindi - Area
• Hindi - Number of Speakers
• Hindi - History
• Hindi - Standard Hindi
• Hindi - Vocabulary
• Hindi - Dialects
• Hindi - Sounds
• Hindi - Vowels
• Hindi - Consonants
• Hindi - Borrowed sounds
• Hindi - Writing system
• Hindi - Grammar
• Hindi - Word order
• Hindi - Common tenses and aspect
• Hindi - Case
• Hindi - Literature
• Hindi - Common difficulties faced in learning Hindi

Read more here: » Hindi: Encyclopedia - Hindi

See also:

Hindi, Hindi - Area, Hindi - Number of Speakers, Hindi - History, Hindi - Standard Hindi, Hindi - Vocabulary, Hindi - Dialects, Hindi - Sounds, Hindi - Vowels, Hindi - Consonants, Hindi - Borrowed sounds, Hindi - Writing system, Hindi - Grammar, Hindi - Word order, Hindi - Common tenses and aspect, Hindi - Case, Hindi - Literature, Hindi - Common difficulties faced in learning Hindi

Read more here: » Hindi: Encyclopedia II - Hindi - Sounds

Main article: Hindi literature The beginnings of Hindi literature can be traced to the Prakrits of classical Sanskrit plays. Tulasidas's Ramacharitamanas attained wide popularity. Modern litterateurs include Jaishankar Prasad, Sumitranandan Pant, Maithili Sharan Gupta, Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala', Mahadevi Varma, Sachchidananda Hirananda Vatsyayana 'Ajneya' and Munshi Premchand. ...

See also:

Hindi, Hindi - Area, Hindi - Number of Speakers, Hindi - History, Hindi - Standard Hindi, Hindi - Vocabulary, Hindi - Dialects, Hindi - Sounds, Hindi - Vowels, Hindi - Consonants, Hindi - Borrowed sounds, Hindi - Writing system, Hindi - Grammar, Hindi - Word order, Hindi - Common tenses and aspect, Hindi - Case, Hindi - Literature, Hindi - Common difficulties faced in learning Hindi

Read more here: » Hindi: Encyclopedia II - Hindi - Literature

Virama is a generic term for the diacritic character in many Brahmic scripts that is used to suppress an inherent vowel sound that occurs with every consonant character. It is a Sanskrit word, and used in place of several script-specific terms for this diacritic, including halant in Devanagari script Hindi and hôshonto in the Bengali script. Other related archivesBengali script, Brahmic scripts, Devanagari, Hindi, Sanskrit, diacritic, vowel

Read more here: » Virama: Encyclopedia - Virama

English is a West Germanic language that is spoken in Australia, Canada, India, Ireland, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka, the United Kingdom, the United States, and many other countries. English is now the third-most spoken native language worldwide (after Chinese and Hindi), with some 380 million speakers. It has lingua franca status in many parts of the world, due to the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th and 19th centuries and that of the United S ...

Including:

• English language - History
• English language - Classification and related languages
• English language - Geographic distribution
• English language - English as a global language
• English language - Dialects and regional variants
• English language - Constructed variants of English
• English language - Sounds
• English language - Vowels
• English language - Consonants
• English language - Intonation
• English language - Tone groups
• English language - Characteristics of intonation
• English language - Grammar
• English language - Vocabulary
• English language - Number of words in English
• English language - Word origins
• English language - Writing system
• English language - Basic sound-letter correspondence
• English language - Written accents
• English language - Dialects
• English language - Pronunciation
• English language - Social cultural or political
• English language - Grammar
• English language - Usage
• English language - Dictionaries

Read more here: » English language: Encyclopedia - English language

Akshara is the Sanskrit term for what can be roughly translated as a letter in alphabet. It also refers to the basic unit of sound, that is syllable. It derives its name from the fact that the first letter of this varnamala(alphabet) is 'a' and the last is 'ksha'. Combining these two characters, one gets the term akshara which is used to denote the all letters in entire varnamala. There are two main kinds of letters in indian alphabet, vowels and consonants. Vowels are ending sounds of any syllable. Consonants are starting soun ...

Including:

• Akshara - SyllabliAksharas in typical Indian language
• Akshara - Other meaning

Read more here: » Akshara: Encyclopedia - Akshara

An abugida, alphasyllabary, or syllabics is a writing system composed of signs (graphemes) denoting consonants with an inherent following vowel, which are consistently modified to indicate other vowels, or, in some cases, the lack of a vowel. Examples include the various scripts of the Brahmic family, Ethiopic Ge’ez, and Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics. A typical abugida is Devanagari. There is no basic sign representing the consonant k; rather the unmodified letter क represents the syllable ka; th ...

Including:

• Abugida - Partial list of abugidas
• Abugida - External link

Read more here: » Abugida: Encyclopedia - Abugida

Breathy voice or murmured voice is a phonation in which the vocal cords vibrate, as they do in normal (modal) voicing, but are held further apart, so that a larger volume of air escapes between them. This produces an audible noise. A breathy-voiced phonation [ɦ] (not actually a fricative, as a literal reading of the IPA chart would suggest) can be heard as an allophone of English /h/ between vowels, eg. in behind. A stop with breathy-voiced release (symbolised either ...

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India is rich in languages, boasting not only the indigenous sprouting of Dravidian and Indo-Aryan tongues, but of the absorption of Middle-Eastern and European influences as well. Distinct, often ancient, and rich literary traditions are to be found in several languages, among them Bengali, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Telugu, and Urdu, and not to mention two Classical languages of the world, Tamil and Sanskrit. Languages of India - The languages of India. While 22 major languages are recognized a ...

Including:

• Languages of India - The languages of India
• Languages of India - Alphabets of Indian languages
• Languages of India - Phonetic alphabet
• Languages of India - Urdu alphabet
• Languages of India - List of Indian Languages

Read more here: » Languages of India: Encyclopedia - Languages of India

Devanāgarī (देवनागरी —, pronounced as [d̪e:vən̪ɑɡəɾi], but in English pronounced as [ˌdeɪvəˈnɑ:ɡəɹi:]) (ISCII – IS13194:1991) [1] is an abugida writing system used to write, either along with other scripts, or exclusively, several Indian languages, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Biha ...

Including:

• Devanāgarī - Origins
• Devanāgarī - Etymology
• Devanāgarī - Principles
• Devanāgarī - Symbols of Devanagari
• Devanāgarī - Ligatures
• Devanāgarī - Devanagari in Unicode
• Devanāgarī - Devanagari Keyboard Layouts
• Devanāgarī - INSCRIPT
• Devanāgarī - Typewriter
• Devanāgarī - Software

Read more here: » Devanāgarī: Encyclopedia - Devanāgarī

The Brahmic family is a family of abugidas used in South Asia, Tibet and Southeast Asia. The individual abugidas may be called Brahmic scripts or Indic scripts. Brahmic family - History. Brahmic scripts are descended from the Brahmi script of ancient India, which in turn is believed to be descended from a Semitic script, thus they probably have a common ancestor with the European scripts. However, some academics (see references in Rastogi 1980:88-98) believe that the Viramkhol in ...

Including:

• Brahmic family - History
• Brahmic family - List of Brahmic Scripts encoded in Unicode
• Brahmic family - Other Brahmic Scripts

Read more here: » Brahmic family: Encyclopedia - Brahmic family

The Burmese language (, or bama sa) is the official language of Myanmar (known until 1989 as Burma). Although the government recognizes the language as Myanmar, most continue to refer to it as Burmese. Burmese is a member of the Tibeto-Burman languages, which is a subfamily of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. It is spoken by 22 million as a first language, and is spoken as a second language by minorities in Burma, such as the Chinese, Indian, Karen, Mon, and Shan. The language utilizes the Burmese script, which deri ...

Including:

• Burmese language - Dialects and accents
• Burmese language - Romanisation
• Burmese language - Script
• Burmese language - Grammar
• Burmese language - Adjectives
• Burmese language - Verbs
• Burmese language - Nouns
• Burmese language - Pronouns
• Burmese language - Phonology
• Burmese language - Consonants
• Burmese language - Vowels
• Burmese language - Tones
• Burmese language - Syllable structure
• Burmese language - Vocabulary
• Burmese language - Bibliography

Read more here: » Burmese language: Encyclopedia - Burmese language

Bengali or Bangla (বাংলা Bāṇlā) is an Indo-Aryan language of South Asia that evolved as a successor to the Sanskrit, Pali, and Prakrit languages. Bengali is the English word for the name of the language and for its speakers; in Bengali, the language itself is called Bangla (pronounced: IPA: < ...

Including:

• Bengali language - Script
• Bengali language - Phonetics
• Bengali language - Phonology
• Bengali language - Stress
• Bengali language - Intonation
• Bengali language - Vowel Length
• Bengali language - Consonant Clusters
• Bengali language - Syntax
• Bengali language - Morphology
• Bengali language - Nouns
• Bengali language - Verbs
• Bengali language - Vocabulary
• Bengali language - Variation in dialects
• Bengali language - Literary forms
• Bengali language - Regional variations
• Bengali language - Lexical variations
• Bengali language - Bangla literature
• Bengali language - History
• Bengali language - The Fight for Bangla

Read more here: » Bengali language: Encyclopedia - Bengali language

In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of air that accompanies the release of some obstruents. To feel or see the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds, put your hand or a lit candle in front of your mouth, and say top and then stop. You should either feel a puff of air or see a flicker of the candle flame with top that you do not get with stop. In English, the t shou ...

Including:

• Aspiration phonetics - Reference

Read more here: » Aspiration phonetics: Encyclopedia - Aspiration phonetics

History · Adaptations Phonology · Transliteration Diacritics · Writing of the hamza Numerals · Numeration Middle Bronze Age 19-15th c. BC Proto-Canaanite 14th c. BC Ugaritic 13th c. BC Phoenician 11th c. BC Samaritan 6th c. BC Aramaic 9th c. BC Brāhmī 4th c. BC Hebrew 3rd c. BC Syriac 2nd c. BC Avestan 3th c. Arabic 4th c. Greek 8th c. BC Old Italic 8th c. BC ...

Including:

• Arabic alphabet - Structure of the Arabic alphabet
• Arabic alphabet - Abjadi order
• Arabic alphabet - Presentation of the alphabet
• Arabic alphabet - Primary letters
• Arabic alphabet - Hamza
• Arabic alphabet - Diacritics
• Arabic alphabet - Numerals
• Arabic alphabet - History
• Arabic alphabet - Arabic alphabets of other languages
• Arabic alphabet - Current uses of the alphabet for other languages
• Arabic alphabet - Former uses of the alphabet for other languages
• Arabic alphabet - Computers and the Arabic alphabet
• Arabic alphabet - Arabic keyboard layout

Read more here: » Arabic alphabet: Encyclopedia - Arabic alphabet

An alphabet is a complete standardized set of letters — basic written symbols — each of which roughly represents a phoneme of a spoken language, either as it exists now or as it may have been in the past. There are other systems of writing such as logograms, in which each symbol represents a morpheme, or word, and syllabaries, in which each symbol represents a syllable. The word "alphabet" itself comes from alpha and beta, the first two symbols of the Greek alphabet. There are dozens of alphabets in use today. Most o ...

Including:

• Alphabet - Types
• Alphabet - Spelling
• Alphabet - Collation
• Alphabet - The Alphabet effect

Read more here: » Alphabet: Encyclopedia - Alphabet

Main article: Bengali script Bangla is written in the Bangla alphasyllabary (also called syllabic alphabet or abugida), a Brahmic script similar to the Devanagari alphasyllabary used for Hindi, Sanskrit, and many other Indic languages. The Bangla alphasyllabary is a cursive script with 12 vowel characters and 52 consonant characters. As in all alphasyllabaries, every consonant in the Bangla script can come with what is called an "embedded" or "inherent" vowel sound. For example, the simple letter ম can represent ...

See also:

Bengali language, Bengali language - Script, Bengali language - Phonetics, Bengali language - Phonology, Bengali language - Stress, Bengali language - Intonation, Bengali language - Vowel Length, Bengali language - Consonant Clusters, Bengali language - Syntax, Bengali language - Morphology, Bengali language - Nouns, Bengali language - Verbs, Bengali language - Vocabulary, Bengali language - Variation in dialects, Bengali language - Literary forms, Bengali language - Regional variations, Bengali language - Lexical variations, Bengali language - Bangla literature, Bengali language - History, Bengali language - The Fight for Bangla

Read more here: » Bengali language: Encyclopedia II - Bengali language - Script

Marathi uses the Devanagari script for writing. Get Marathi Writing simple software baraha, Madhyam, Itranslator, ITRANS online, Yudit. Marathi script consists of 16 vowels and 36 consonants making a total of 52 alphabets. Vowels are combined with consonents using special diactric marks to form syllables which are strung together to form a word . Each vowel has a characteristic mark, such as 'kaana' for 'aa', 'velaanTee' for 'i' and 'ii', 'ukAr' for 'u' and 'uu' and ...

See also:

Marathi language, Marathi language - History, Marathi language - Classification, Marathi language - Geographic distribution, Marathi language - Official status, Marathi language - Dialects, Marathi language - Alphabet, Marathi language - Grammar, Marathi language - Gender, Marathi language - Person, Marathi language - Like Sanskrit well almost, Marathi language - Parts of speech, Marathi language - Sentence structure, Marathi language - Vocabulary, Marathi language - Word origins, Marathi language - Forming Complex Words, Marathi language - Counting system, Marathi language - Some common phrases, Marathi language - Modern issues, Marathi language - Rules of Orthography, Marathi language - Decreasing number of Marathi schools., Marathi language - Unnecessary usage of Hindi and English words., Marathi language - Unnecessary usage of Hindi syntax especially in news., Marathi language - Lack of a resource exhibiting standard usage., Marathi language - Lack of a style manual., Marathi language - Information technology issues, Marathi language - Marathi literature, Marathi language - marathi authors

Read more here: » Marathi language: Encyclopedia II - Marathi language - Alphabet

Gurmukhi follows similar concepts to other Brahmi scripts and as such, all consonants are followed by an inherent‘a’sound (unless at the end of a word when the ‘a’ is usually dropped). This inherent vowel sound can be changed by using dependent vowel signs which attach to a bearing consonant. In some cases, dependent vowel signs cannot be used – at the beginning of a word or syllable for instance – and so an independent vowel character is used instead. Independent vowels are constructed using three bearer characters: Ura (ੳ), Aira (ਅ) and Iri (ੲ). With the exception of Aira (which represents the vowel 'a') they are ...

See also:

Gurmukhī script, Gurmukhī script - Origins, Gurmukhī script - Gurmukhi etymology, Gurmukhī script - Alphabet, Gurmukhī script - Vowels, Gurmukhī script - Vowel Examples, Gurmukhī script - Halant, Gurmukhī script - Numerals, Gurmukhī script - Other Signs, Gurmukhī script - Visarg, Gurmukhī script - Ek Onkar, Gurmukhī script - Gurmukhi in Unicode, Gurmukhī script - Bibliography

Read more here: » Gurmukhī script: Encyclopedia II - Gurmukhī script - Vowels

All the vowels in Devanagari are attached to the top or bottom of the consonant or to an <aa> vowel sign attached to the right of the consonant, with the exception of the <i> vowel sign, which is attached on the left. In the Devanagari vowel table below, the "Letter" column contains the symbol used when a vowel occurs without a consonant, the "Vowel sign with <p>" column contains the symbol used when a vowel is attached to a consonant, shown with the <p> letter as an example, the "Unicode name" column contains the nam ...

See also:

Devanāgarī, Devanāgarī - Origins, Devanāgarī - Etymology, Devanāgarī - Principles, Devanāgarī - Symbols of Devanagari, Devanāgarī - Vowels, Devanāgarī - Consonants, Devanāgarī - Additional signs, Devanāgarī - Accent marks, Devanāgarī - Numerals, Devanāgarī - Devanagari in Unicode, Devanāgarī - Devanagari Keyboard Layouts, Devanāgarī - INSCRIPT, Devanāgarī - Typewriter, Devanāgarī - Software

Read more here: » Devanāgarī: Encyclopedia II - Devanāgarī - Symbols of Devanagari