The orthodox systems of philosophy believe in the authority of the Vedas. The heterodox systems of philosophy do not believe in the authority of the Vedas.

Excerpt from All About Hinduism by Sri Swami Sivananda

Read more here: » Orthodox And Heterodox Systems: Vedic Philosophy - The Orthodox And The Heterodox Systems Of Indian Philosophy

• Heterodoxy - Definition
• Heterodoxy - Ecclesiastic usage
• Heterodoxy - Eastern Orthodoxy
• Heterodoxy - Roman Catholicism
• Heterodoxy - Other denominations
• Heterodoxy - Footnotes
• Heterodoxy - Other articles
• Heterodoxy - External links

Read more here: » Heterodoxy: Encyclopedia - Heterodoxy

heterodox: "Different opinion." Opposed to or departing from established doctrines or beliefs. Opposite of orthodox, "straight opinion."

See: nastika.

(See also: Heterodox, Hinduism, Body Mind and Soul)

Samkhya Nyaya Vaisheshika Yoga Purva Mimamsa Advaita Vedanta Vishishtadvaita Dvaita Carvaka Jain Buddhist Logic Hindu philosophy (one of the main divisions of Indian philosophy) is traditionally seen through the prism of six different systems (called darshanas in Sanskrit) that are listed here and make up the main belief systems of Hinduism. Th ...

Including:

• Hindu philosophy - Hindu Philosophy: The Six Main Schools of Thought
• Hindu philosophy - Samkhya
• Hindu philosophy - Nyaya
• Hindu philosophy - Vaisheshika
• Hindu philosophy - Yoga
• Hindu philosophy - Purva Mimamsa
• Hindu philosophy - Uttara Mimamsa: The Three Schools of Vedanta

Read more here: » Hindu philosophy: Encyclopedia - Hindu philosophy

Luciferians describes three quite separate heterodox tendencies in opposition to the Roman Catholic Church. Luciferians - Spiritual Luciferianism. Created for the most part by an Internet-based group of people calling themselves Luciferians, the Luciferian philosophy has been created by the prophet, magician and remote viewer Aaron C. Donahue. Aaron, after travelling, searching and studying the occult, has dedicated his life and weekly Internet show to save the Earth and to assure permanance for humanity. L ...

Including:

• Luciferians - Spiritual Luciferianism
• Luciferians - Followers of Lucifer Calaritanus
• Luciferians - Gnostic Luciferians

Read more here: » Luciferians: Encyclopedia - Luciferians

The Sanskrit word Nath means Lord, Protector, a Refuge. The Sanskrit term Adinath means first or original Lord, and is therefore a synonym for Shiva, Mahadeva, or Maheshvara, and beyond these mental concepts, the Supreme Absolute Reality as the originator of all things. The Natha Tradition is a heterodox Siddha tradition containing many sub-sects. It was founded by Matsyendranath, and further developed by Gorakshanath. These two individuals are also revered in Tibetan Buddhism as Mahasiddhas (Supremely Accomplished Being ...

Including:

• Nath - The Nath Initiation
• Nath - The Aims of the Naths

Read more here: » Nath: Encyclopedia - Nath

By allowing mathematical expression of altruism, Altuistic Economics generalises the standard neoclassical model, which is founded on the selfish homo economicus. Like the neoclassical model, Altruistic Economics assumes people are maximisers, but it breaks the assumption that their welfare is independent of others. It also abandons the assumption that everyone is identical. Individual human relationships are modelled, so that everyone can specify how they feel about anyone else. Sympathy for someone is defined as a willingness to for ...

See also:

Altruistic Economics, Altruistic Economics - Concept

Read more here: » Altruistic Economics: Encyclopedia II - Altruistic Economics - Concept

Heterodoxy - Eastern Orthodoxy. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the term is used to refer to Christian churches not belonging to the Eastern Orthodox communion and holding doctrines different from those of Orthodox Christianity, but not as different or thought to be as erroneous as heresy. Heterodoxy - Roman Catholicism. Heterodoxy in the Roman Catholic Church refers to views that differ from strictly orthodox views, but retain sufficient faithfulness to the original doc ...

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Heterodoxy, Heterodoxy - Definition, Heterodoxy - Ecclesiastic usage, Heterodoxy - Eastern Orthodoxy, Heterodoxy - Roman Catholicism, Heterodoxy - Other denominations, Heterodoxy - Footnotes, Heterodoxy - Other articles, Heterodoxy - External links

Read more here: » Heterodoxy: Encyclopedia II - Heterodoxy - Ecclesiastic usage

An example of an ideal price would be the value of annual Gross Domestic Product. This aggregate price is an ideal price, derived through an accounting procedure from statistical observations of actual prices charged and paid, using principles of value equivalence, conserved/transferred value and newly created value. Included in this ideal aggregate price are many estimated and imputated prices reflecting the assumed monetary value of products and services. But there exist no real goods or services, or group of goods and servic ...

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Real prices and ideal prices, Real prices and ideal prices - Examples of ideal prices, Real prices and ideal prices - Actual and potential prices, Real prices and ideal prices - Reference

Read more here: » Real prices and ideal prices: Encyclopedia II - Real prices and ideal prices - Examples of ideal prices

When goods are produced for sale, they may be priced, but those prices are initially only potential prices. There may not be any certainty about whether they will all fetch exactly those prices when they are actually sold, or whether they will be sold at all. In retrospect, the final value of an output may turn out to have been higher or lower than previously anticipated, because for various reasons prices and demand changed in the meantime. Thus, price negotiations and the t ...

See also:

Real prices and ideal prices, Real prices and ideal prices - Examples of ideal prices, Real prices and ideal prices - Actual and potential prices, Real prices and ideal prices - Reference

Read more here: » Real prices and ideal prices: Encyclopedia II - Real prices and ideal prices - Actual and potential prices

PAE has challenged standard neoclassical assumptions and incorporated ideas from sociology and psychology into economic analysis. Specifically, the notions of utility theory, (consumer choice), production and efficiency theory (pareto optimality) as well as game theory have been criticised: one much discussed article read Is There Anything Worth Keeping in Standard Microeconomics?. Other topics include "Gross National Happiness", realism vs. mathematical consistency, "Thermodynamics and Economics", or "Irrelevance and Ideology" ...

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Post-Autistic Economics, Post-Autistic Economics - Concept, Post-Autistic Economics - Criticism of the Term

Read more here: » Post-Autistic Economics: Encyclopedia II - Post-Autistic Economics - Concept

The philosophic and theological diversity of Hinduism is limitless, being nurtured by the fundamentally eclectic and liberal universalism that is its defining characteristic. It is impossible to summarize all the schools of thought and inquiry produced or harboured over the millennia by the peoples of India. Some of the more ancient and long-established philosophies are elaborated upon below, all of which accept the Veda ...

See also:

Hindu philosophy, Hindu philosophy - Hindu Philosophy: The Six Main Schools of Thought, Hindu philosophy - Samkhya, Hindu philosophy - Nyaya, Hindu philosophy - Vaisheshika, Hindu philosophy - Yoga, Hindu philosophy - Purva Mimamsa, Hindu philosophy - Uttara Mimamsa: The Three Schools of Vedanta

Read more here: » Hindu philosophy: Encyclopedia II - Hindu philosophy - Hindu Philosophy: The Six Main Schools of Thought

Deleuze's work falls into two groups: on one hand, monographs interpreting modern philosophers (Spinoza, Leibniz, Hume, Kant, Nietzsche, Bergson) and artists (Proust, Kafka, Francis Bacon); on the other, eclectic philosophical tomes organized by concept (e.g., difference, sense, events, schizophrenia, cinema, philosophy). Deleuze's studies of individual philosophers and artists are purposely heterodox. In Nietzsche and Philosophy, for example, Deleuze claims that Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morals is a systematic response t ...

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Gilles Deleuze, Gilles Deleuze - Life and work, Gilles Deleuze - Philosophy, Gilles Deleuze - Bibliography, Gilles Deleuze - On Deleuze and feminism

Read more here: » Gilles Deleuze: Encyclopedia II - Gilles Deleuze - Philosophy

Sorel had been politically monarchist and traditionalist before embracing orthodox Marxism in the 1890s, but throughout his career continued to support values more commonly associated with conservatism. In his earliest writings he attempted to fill in what he believed were gaps in Marxist theory, but ultimately created an extremely heterodox variation of the ideology. He criticised what he saw as Marx's rationalist and utopian tendencies, believing that at its heart Marxism was a pessimistic and irrationalist philosophy closer in spirit to e ...

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Georges Sorel, Georges Sorel - Biography, Georges Sorel - Politics, Georges Sorel - Works

Read more here: » Georges Sorel: Encyclopedia II - Georges Sorel - Politics

In 321 Arius was denounced by a synod at Alexandria for teaching a heterodox view of the relationship of Jesus to God the Father. Because Arius and his followers had great influence in the schools of Alexandria — counterparts to modern universities or seminaries — their theological views spread, especially in the eastern Mediterranean. By 325 the controversy had become significant enough that Emperor Constantine called an assembly of bishops, the First Council of Nicaea (modern Iznik, Turkey), which condemned Arius' doctrine and formulat ...

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Arianism, Arianism - Beliefs, Arianism - The Council of Nicea and its aftermath, Arianism - The theological debates reopen, Arianism - Nicene Christianity becomes the state religion of Rome, Arianism - Arianism in the early medieval Germanic kingdoms, Arianism - Arian as a polemical epithet, Arianism - Bibliography

Read more here: » Arianism: Encyclopedia II - Arianism - The Council of Nicea and its aftermath

What exactly is a "fiat" currency is a matter of some debate, with a spectrum of opinion that runs from those who declare that any currency not in a gold standard, silver standard or backed by some other commodity, is "fiat money", to a range of economic theories which hold that market dynamics enforce fiscal discipline, other heterodox schools of thought reject the veil of money and define all monies ot ...

See also:

Fiat currency, Fiat currency - Debate over the term, Fiat currency - Historical summary, Fiat currency - Credit-based monetary systems, Fiat currency - Critiques of credit money expansion, Fiat currency - The importance of fiat money as a concept

Read more here: » Fiat currency: Encyclopedia II - Fiat currency - Debate over the term

Deleuze's work falls into two groups: on one hand, monographs interpreting modern philosophers (Spinoza, Leibniz, Hume, Kant, Nietzsche, Bergson) and artists (Proust, Kafka, Francis Bacon); on the other, eclectic philosophical tomes organized by concept (e.g., difference, sense, events, schizophrenia, cinema, philosophy). Gilles Deleuze - Deleuze's Interpretations. Deleuze's studies of individual philosophers and artists are purposely heterodox. In Nietzsche and Philosophy, for example, Deleuze clai ...

See also:

Gilles Deleuze, Gilles Deleuze - Life and work, Gilles Deleuze - Philosophy, Gilles Deleuze - Deleuze's Interpretations, Gilles Deleuze - Metaphysics, Gilles Deleuze - Epistemology, Gilles Deleuze - Values, Gilles Deleuze - Bibliography, Gilles Deleuze - On Deleuze and feminism, Gilles Deleuze - Endnotes

Read more here: » Gilles Deleuze: Encyclopedia II - Gilles Deleuze - Philosophy

What exactly is a “fiat” currency is a matter of some debate, with a spectrum of opinion that runs from those who declare as fiat any currency that is not in a gold standard, silver standard or fully backed by some other commodity, to a range of economic theories which hold that market dynamics enforce fiscal discipline, through to other heterodox schools of thought that reject the veil of money altogether, defining ...

See also:

Fiat currency, Fiat currency - Debate over the term, Fiat currency - Historical summary, Fiat currency - Credit-based monetary systems, Fiat currency - Critiques of credit money expansion, Fiat currency - The importance of fiat money as a concept

Read more here: » Fiat currency: Encyclopedia II - Fiat currency - Debate over the term

In some districts, different factions of the Justicialist Party (PJ) presented candidates separately. In the province of Buenos Aires and Buenos Aires City, the main intra-party division of the PJ was between the center-right traditional Peronist faction led by Hilda González de Duhalde (wife of former governor and interim president Eduardo Duhalde) and the more center-left "heterodox" faction with candidates that answer to President Néstor Kirchner, including his own wife, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, and Minister of Foreign Relations ...

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Elections in Argentina 2005, Elections in Argentina 2005 - Political overview, Elections in Argentina 2005 - Results, Elections in Argentina 2005 - In the news, Elections in Argentina 2005 - Reference

Read more here: » Elections in Argentina 2005: Encyclopedia II - Elections in Argentina 2005 - Political overview

Eduardo Duhalde finally managed to stabilise the situation to a certain extent, and called for elections. On 25 May 2003 President Néstor Kirchner took charge. Kirchner kept Duhalde's Minister of Economy, Roberto Lavagna, in his post. Lavagna, a respected economist with moderate-centre-wing views, showed a considerable aptitude at managing the crisis, with the help of heterodox measures. The economic outlook was completely different from that of the 1990s; the high exchange rate made Argentine exports cheap and competitive abroad, wh ...

See also:

Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002, Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - Origins, Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - The 1990s, Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - The crisis, Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - The end of convertibility, Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - Immediate effects, Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - The recovery, Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - Effects on wealth distribution, Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - Debt restructuring, Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - Criticism of the IMF

Read more here: » Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002: Encyclopedia II - Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - The recovery