Hell - Rabbinic Judaism

Hell - Rabbinic Judaism: Encyclopedia II - Hell - Origins

Hell, as it exists in the Western popular imagination, has its origins in Hellenized Christianity, particularly taken from adaptation of the Hellenistic afterlife known as Tartarus. Judaism, at least initially, believed in Sheol, a shadowy existence to which all were sent indiscriminately. Sheol may have been little more than a poetic metaphor for death, not really an afterlife at all: see for example Sirach. However, by the third to second century B.C. the idea had grown to encom ...

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Hell - Rabbinic Judaism: Encyclopedia - Jewish eschatology

Jewish eschatology is concerned with Mashiach (the Jewish Messiah) the continuation of the Davidic line, and Olam Haba (Hebrew for "the world to come"; i.e. the afterlife). Jewish eschatology - Mashiach/Messiah. The Hebrew word Mashiach (or Moshiach) means anointed one, and refers to a mortal human being. Within Judaism, the Mashiach is a human being who will be a descendant of King David continuing the Davidic line, and who will usher in a messianic era of peace and prosp ...

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Jewish eschatology - Biblical verses

Hell - Rabbinic Judaism: Encyclopedia - Jewish principles of faith

There are a number of basic Jewish principles of faith that one is expected to uphold in order to be said to be in consonance with the Jewish faith. However, unlike most Christian denominations, the Jewish community has never developed any one binding catechism. A number of formulations of Jewish beliefs have appeared, though there is some dispute over how many basic principles there are. Rabbi Joseph Albo, for instance, in Sefer Ha-Ikkarim counts three principles of faith, while Maimonides lists thirteen. While some lat ...

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Jewish principles of faith - Jewish principles of faith

Jewish principles of faith - History and development

Hell - Rabbinic Judaism: Encyclopedia - Uriel archangel

Uriel (אוּרִיאֵל "Flame of God", Standard Hebrew Uriʾel, Tiberian Hebrew ʾÛrîʾēl) is one of the archangels of post-Exilic Rabbinic tradition, and also of certain Christian traditions. His name may have analogies with Uriah. The angels mentioned in the older books of the Hebrew Bible are without names. Indeed, rabbi Simeon ben Lakish of Tiberias (AD 230-270), asserted that all the specific names for the angels were brought back by the Jews from Babylon, and some modern commentators woul ...

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Hell - Rabbinic Judaism: Encyclopedia - Jewish views of religious pluralism

This article deals with Jewish views of religious pluralism. Religious pluralism is a set of religious worldviews that hold that one's religion is not the sole and exclusive source of truth, and thus recognizes that some level of truth and value exists in at least some other religions. As such, religious pluralism goes beyond religious tolerance, which is the condition of peaceful existence between adherents of different religions or religious denominations. Within the Jewish community, there is a shared common history, a shared langu ...

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Jewish views of religious pluralism - Classical Jewish views

Jewish views of religious pluralism - Modern post-Enlightenment era Jewish views

Jewish views of religious pluralism - Intra-religious pluralism

Hell - Rabbinic Judaism: Encyclopedia - Abrahamic religion

All the Abrahamic religions are derived to some extent from Judaism as practiced in ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah prior to the Babylonian Exile, at the beginning of the 1st millennium BCE. Many believe that Judaism in Biblical Israel was renovated and reformed to some extent in the 6th century BCE by Ezra and other priests returning to Israel from the exile. Samaritanism separated from Judaism in the next few centuries. Christianity originated in Judea, at the end of the 1st century, as a radically reformed branch of Judaism; i ...

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Hell - Rabbinic Judaism: Encyclopedia - Judaism and Christianity

The article Judaism and Christianity compares and contrasts two closely related Abrahamic religions that are in some ways parallel to each other and in other ways fundamentally divergent in theology and practice. Whereas the article on the Judeo-Christian tradition emphasizes continuities and convergences between the two religions, this article emphasizes that Judaism and Christianity each have widely diverging views of their respective relationship to the other, and of elements they have in common, such as the Bible and God. Including:

Hell - Rabbinic Judaism: Encyclopedia - Zohar

The Zohar (Hebrew זהר "Splendor, radiance") is widely considered the most important work of Kabbalah, Jewish mysticism. It is a mystical commentary on the Torah (the five books of Moses), written in medieval Aramaic and medieval Hebrew. It contains a mystical discussion of the nature of God, the origin and structure of the universe, the nature of souls, sin, redemption, good and evil, and related topics. The Zohar is not one book, but a group of books. These books include scriptural interpretations as well as material on the ...

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Zohar - Origin

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Hell - Rabbinic Judaism: Encyclopedia - Midrash

Midrash (Hebrew: מדרש; plural midrashim) is a Hebrew word referring to a method of exegesis of a Biblical text. The term "midrash" also can refer to a compilation of Midrashic teachings, in the form of legal, exegetical or homiletical commentaries on the Tanakh (Jewish Bible). Midrash - Methodology. When used as a verb, "midrash" refers to a way of interpreting a biblical verse. Traditionally, understanding of Biblical text in Judaism is divided between peshat (direct meaning), remezIncluding:

Midrash - Origins

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Hell - Rabbinic Judaism: Encyclopedia - Sin

Sin has been a term most usually used in a religious context, and today describes any lack of conformity to the will of God; especially, any willful disregard for the norms revealed by God is a sin. The word is from the old English synn, presumed to be from Germanic *sun(d)jō (lit: "it is true"). [1] It is recorded in use as early as the 9th century. The most common formal definition is an infraction against religious or moral l ...

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Sin - Christian views of sin

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Hell - Rabbinic Judaism: Encyclopedia - Satan

Satan (שָׂטָן Standard Hebrew Satan, Greek and Latin Sátanas, Tiberian Hebrew Śāṭān; Aramaic שִׂטְנָא Śaṭanâ: both words mean "Adversary; accuser") is an angel, demon, or minor god in many religions. Satan plays various roles in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocrypha and the New Testament. In the Hebrew Bible, Satan is an angel that God uses to test man for various reasons usually dealing with his level of piety (i.e. the test in the Book of Job). In the Apocrypha and New Test ...

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Satan - In the Hebrew Bible

Satan - Shaitan and Adam and Eve

Satan - Among polytheists

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Hell - Rabbinic Judaism: Encyclopedia - Christianity and anti-Semitism

This article is about the history of Christianity and anti-Semitism. Anti-Jewish sentiment has been expressed by many Christians over the last 2000 years, but many other Christians, increasingly in recent years, have also condemned these sentiments. Christianity and anti-Semitism - Early origins. There have been philosophical differences between Christianity and Rabbinical Judaism since the outset. Debates between the early Christians - who at first were all Jews - and other Jews initially revolved around the ques ...

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Hell - Rabbinic Judaism: Encyclopedia - Kabbalah

Kabbalah (Hebrew קַבָּלָה "reception", Standard Hebrew Qabbala, Tiberian Hebrew Qabbālāh; also written variously as Cabala, Cabalah, Cabbala, Cabbalah, Kabala, Kabalah, Kabbala, Qabala, Qabalah, Kaballah) is an interpretation (exegesis, hermeneutic) key, "soul" of the Torah (Hebrew Bible), or the religious mystical system of Judaism claiming an insight into divine nature. Kabbalah is a doctrine of esoteric knowledge concerning God, God's creation of the universe and the laws of nature, and the path by whic ...

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Kabbalah - Dualism

Kabbalah - Debate about Kabbalah in Judaism

Kabbalah - Kabbalah in non-Jewish society

Kabbalah - Footnotes

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Hell - Rabbinic Judaism: Encyclopedia - Demon

In religion, folklore, and mythology a demon or demoness is a supernatural being that has generally been described as a malevolent spirit but outside Christian circles was viewed as a sort of elemental spirit: compare daemon and djinn. A demon is frequently depicted as a force that may be conjured and insecurely controlled. The "good" demon in recent use is largely a literary device (eg: Maxwell's demon). In common language, "demonizing" one's opponent is an aspersion. As the Indo-Iranian Avestan and Vedic traditions and also other branches of Indo-European mythologies show, the not ...

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Demon - Influences from Chaldean mythology

Demon - In Jewish rabbinic literature

Demon - The King and Queen of Demons

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Hell - Rabbinic Judaism: Encyclopedia - Leviathan

Leviathan (לִוְיָתָן "Twisted; coiled", Standard Hebrew Livyatan, Tiberian Hebrew Liwyāṯān) was a Biblical sea monster referred to in passing in the Old Testament (Psalms 74:13-14; Job 41; Isaiah 27:1). The word leviathan has become synonymous with any large monster or creature. In Modern Hebrew, it simply means "whale". Leviathan - Judaism. The word "Leviathan" appears five times in the Bible: 1) Isaiah 27:1: "In that day the Lord with his sore and gre ...

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Hell - Rabbinic Judaism: Encyclopedia - Anti-Semitism

Anti-Semitism (alternatively spelled antisemitism) is hostility toward or prejudice against Jews as a religious, ethnic, or racial group, which can range from individual hatred to institutionalized, violent persecution. The highly explicit ideology of Adolf Hitler's Nazism was the most extreme example of this phenomenon. Anti-Semitism has historically taken different forms: Religious anti-Semitism, or anti-Judaism. Before the 19th century, most anti-Semitism was primarily religious in nature, based on Christian or ...

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Anti-Semitism - Etymology and usage

Anti-Semitism - Definitions of the term

Anti-Semitism - Racial anti-Semitism

Anti-Semitism - Anti-Semitism and anti-Zionism

Anti-Semitism - New anti-Semitism

Anti-Semitism - Anti-Semitism in the 21st century

Hell - Rabbinic Judaism: Encyclopedia - Apocalyptic literature

Apocalyptic literature was a new genre of prophetical writing that developed in post-Exilic Jewish culture and was popular among millennialist early Christians. "Apocalypse" is from the Greek word for "revelation" which means "an unveiling or unfolding of things not previously known and which could not be known apart from the unveiling" (Goswiller 1987 p. 3). The flaming poetry of the Book of Revelation that is traditionally ascribed to John is well known to many Christians w ...

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Apocalyptic literature - Old Testament apocalyptic

Apocalyptic literature - New Testament apocalyptic

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