headlamps

Daytime Running Lights ("DRL", also "Daylight Running Lamps") are lights on the front of roadgoing motor vehicles, automatically switched on when the vehicle is moving forward, and intended to increase the visibility of the vehicle during daylight conditions. DRL were first mandated in Scandinavian countries, where ambient light levels are generally low even during the day. Finland was the first country to require DRL in 1972. Sweden adopted the same requirement in 1977, Norway in 1986, Iceland in 1988, and Denmark in 19 ...

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The core of the Forum's work is based around is the 1958 Agreement, formally titled "Agreement concerning the adoption of uniform technical prescriptions for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted and/or be used on wheeled vehicles and the conditions for reciprocal recognition of approvals granted on the basis of these prescriptions". This forms a legal framework whereby participating countries agree a common set of UNECE Regulations for type approval of vehicles and components. When an item is type approved for a regulation by one par ...

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World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations, World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations - 1958 Agreement, World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations - List of participating countries, World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations - List of UNECE Regulations, World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations - ECE versus FMVSS

Read more here: » World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations: Encyclopedia II - World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations - 1958 Agreement

Mercedes-Benz A-Class - Driving assistance. The car is designed according to Mercedes-Benz concept of 'Touch And Feel' (TAF). The multi-function steering wheel places controls for the radio, telephone, and other systems conveniently within reach of the thumbs of the driver. Power steering (standard feature) aids control of the automobile, with its behaviour varying according to the vehicle's speed. The Mercedes COMAND APS is a navigation system which provides directions via SMS. The radio unit also provides DVD and telephone functionality, with various versions available (standard ...

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Mercedes-Benz A-Class, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - History, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - W168, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - W169, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - W169 features, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - Driving assistance, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - Temperature control, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - Safety, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - Passenger and cargo space, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - Engine and drive system, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - Initial advertising campaign for the W169, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - Production, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - Profitability and impact on the Mercedes Benz brand, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - Specifications, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - W168, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - W168 vs. W169, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - W169

Read more here: » Mercedes-Benz A-Class: Encyclopedia II - Mercedes-Benz A-Class - W169 features

The invention of the light bulb is usually attributed in Britain to Joseph Wilson Swan and in the United States to Thomas Alva Edison (who first marketed the device successfully). However, it is now believed that Heinrich Göbel built functional bulbs three decades earlier. Alexander Nikolayevich Lodygin developed an incandescent light bulb around the same time. Many others also had a hand in the de ...

See also:

Incandescent light bulb, Incandescent light bulb - History of the light bulb, Incandescent light bulb - The halogen lamp, Incandescent light bulb - Comparison of electricity cost, Incandescent light bulb - Standard fittings, Incandescent light bulb - Efficacy and efficiency, Incandescent light bulb - Power, Incandescent light bulb - Voltage light output and life, Incandescent light bulb - Heat

Read more here: » Incandescent light bulb: Encyclopedia II - Incandescent light bulb - History of the light bulb

Automotive lighting - Turn signals. Turn signals (properly "direction-indicator lamps," also "indicators," "directionals," "blinkers," or "flashers") are signal lights mounted near the left and right front and rear corners, and sometimes on the sides of vehicles, used to indicate to other drivers that the operator intends a lateral change of position (turn or lanechange). Electric turn signal lights were devised as early as 1907 (U.S. Patent 912,831), but were not widely offered by major automobile manufacturers ...

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Automotive lighting, Automotive lighting - Forward illumination, Automotive lighting - Main-beam headlamps, Automotive lighting - Dipped-beam headlamps, Automotive lighting - Driving lamps, Automotive lighting - Front fog lamps, Automotive lighting - Cornering lamps, Automotive lighting - Conspicuity, Automotive lighting - Front position lamps and rear taillamps, Automotive lighting - Rear position lamps, Automotive lighting - Rear registration plate lamp, Automotive lighting - Sidemarker lights and retroreflectors, Automotive lighting - Daytime running lamps, Automotive lighting - Rear fog lamps, Automotive lighting - Signalling, Automotive lighting - Turn signals, Automotive lighting - Stop lamps, Automotive lighting - Reversing lamps

Read more here: » Automotive lighting: Encyclopedia II - Automotive lighting - Signalling

The invention of the light bulb is usually attributed in Britain to Joseph Wilson Swan and in the United States to Thomas Alva Edison (who first marketed the device successfully). However, it is now believed that Heinrich Göbel built functional bulbs three decades earlier. Alexander Nikolayevich Lodygin developed an incandescent light bulb around the same time. Many others also had a hand in the development of a practical device for the production of elect ...

See also:

Incandescent light bulb, Incandescent light bulb - History of the light bulb, Incandescent light bulb - The halogen lamp, Incandescent light bulb - Comparison of electricity cost, Incandescent light bulb - Standard fittings, Incandescent light bulb - Efficacy and efficiency, Incandescent light bulb - Power, Incandescent light bulb - Voltage light output and lifetime, Incandescent light bulb - Heat

Read more here: » Incandescent light bulb: Encyclopedia II - Incandescent light bulb - History of the light bulb

The route of the race was chosen to test the mettle of the sled dogs and their drivers ("mushers"), and passes through largely unpopulated tundra. While always longer than 1,000 miles (1,600 km), the trail is actually composed of a northern route, which is run on even-numbered years; and a southern route, which is run on odd-numbered years. Both follow the same trail for 444 miles (715 km), from Anchorage to Ophir, where they diverge and then rejoin at Kaltag, 441 miles (710 km) from Nome. The race used the northern route until 1977, when th ...

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Iditarod, Iditarod - History, Iditarod - Route, Iditarod - Checkpoints, Iditarod - Ceremonial start, Iditarod - Restart, Iditarod - Into the Interior, Iditarod - Divided path, Iditarod - Last dash, Iditarod - Mushers, Iditarod - Dogs, Iditarod - Records and awards, Iditarod - List of Iditarod winners

Read more here: » Iditarod: Encyclopedia II - Iditarod - Route

The UNECE Regulations formally define selective yellow in terms of the CIE 1931 colour space as follows: For front fog lamps, the limit towards white is extended: There are currently competing proposals before UNECE to redefine selective yellow to include this extended range, and to eliminate selective yellow altogether from all lighting regulations. The entirety of the basic selective yellow definition lies outside the gamut of the sRGB colour space — such a pure yellow cannot be represented using RGB primaries. The c ...

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Selective yellow, Selective yellow - Formal definition, Selective yellow - External link

Read more here: » Selective yellow: Encyclopedia II - Selective yellow - Formal definition

Incandescent lamps are very sensitive to changes in the supply voltage. These characteristics are of great practical and economic importance. For a supply voltage V, Light output is approximately proportional to V3.4 Power consumption is approximately proportional to V1.6 Lifetime is approximately inversely proportional to V16 Color te ...

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Incandescent light bulb, Incandescent light bulb - History of the light bulb, Incandescent light bulb - The halogen lamp, Incandescent light bulb - Comparison of electricity cost, Incandescent light bulb - Standard fittings, Incandescent light bulb - Efficacy and efficiency, Incandescent light bulb - Power, Incandescent light bulb - Voltage light output and lifetime, Incandescent light bulb - Heat

Read more here: » Incandescent light bulb: Encyclopedia II - Incandescent light bulb - Voltage light output and lifetime

Most incandescent light bulbs waste about 98% of the power they consume in heat. An incandescent light bulb (about 2.1% efficiency) is about one quarter as efficient as a fluorescent lamp (about 8.2% efficiency), and produces about six times as much heat with the same amounts of light from both sources. One reason why incandescent lamps are unpopular in commercial spaces is because the heat output results in the need for more air conditioning in the summer. Incandescent lamps can usually be replaced by self-ballasted compact fl ...

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Incandescent light bulb, Incandescent light bulb - History of the light bulb, Incandescent light bulb - The halogen lamp, Incandescent light bulb - Comparison of electricity cost, Incandescent light bulb - Standard fittings, Incandescent light bulb - Efficacy and efficiency, Incandescent light bulb - Power, Incandescent light bulb - Voltage light output and lifetime, Incandescent light bulb - Heat

Read more here: » Incandescent light bulb: Encyclopedia II - Incandescent light bulb - Heat

Most domestic and industrial light bulbs have standard fittings compatible with standard lampholders. The most common types of fitting are: E12 or candelabra MES or medium Edison screw (aka E26), used in the USA and Japan for most 120 and 100 volt lamps BC or B22 or double-contact bayonet cap, used in the UK, Ireland and Australia for most 240 volt mains lamps (although MES is also common in the UK) E14 / E27 screw fittings, used in continental Eu ...

See also:

Incandescent light bulb, Incandescent light bulb - History of the light bulb, Incandescent light bulb - The halogen lamp, Incandescent light bulb - Comparison of electricity cost, Incandescent light bulb - Standard fittings, Incandescent light bulb - Efficacy and efficiency, Incandescent light bulb - Power, Incandescent light bulb - Voltage light output and lifetime, Incandescent light bulb - Heat

Read more here: » Incandescent light bulb: Encyclopedia II - Incandescent light bulb - Standard fittings

Incandescent light bulbs are usually marketed according to the electrical power consumed. This is measured in watts and depends mainly on the resistance of the filament, which in turn depends mainly on the filament's length, thickness and material. It is difficult for the average consumer to predict the light output of a bulb given the power consumed but it can be safely assumed, for two bulbs of the s ...

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Incandescent light bulb, Incandescent light bulb - History of the light bulb, Incandescent light bulb - The halogen lamp, Incandescent light bulb - Comparison of electricity cost, Incandescent light bulb - Standard fittings, Incandescent light bulb - Efficacy and efficiency, Incandescent light bulb - Power, Incandescent light bulb - Voltage light output and lifetime, Incandescent light bulb - Heat

Read more here: » Incandescent light bulb: Encyclopedia II - Incandescent light bulb - Power

Automotive lighting - Front position lamps and rear taillamps. Nighttime standing-vehicle conspicuity to the front is provided by front position lamps (known as "parking lamps" or "parking lights" in North America, "sidelights" in UK English, and known variously in other regions as "position lamps," "standing lamps," or "city lights"). These lamps may be white (international) or amber (North America). In North America, further conspicuity is offered by side-mounted lamps and retroreflectors - amber to the front a ...

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Automotive lighting, Automotive lighting - Forward illumination, Automotive lighting - Main-beam headlamps, Automotive lighting - Dipped-beam headlamps, Automotive lighting - Driving lamps, Automotive lighting - Front fog lamps, Automotive lighting - Cornering lamps, Automotive lighting - Conspicuity, Automotive lighting - Front position lamps and rear taillamps, Automotive lighting - Rear position lamps, Automotive lighting - Rear registration plate lamp, Automotive lighting - Sidemarker lights and retroreflectors, Automotive lighting - Daytime running lamps, Automotive lighting - Rear fog lamps, Automotive lighting - Signalling, Automotive lighting - Turn signals, Automotive lighting - Stop lamps, Automotive lighting - Reversing lamps

Read more here: » Automotive lighting: Encyclopedia II - Automotive lighting - Conspicuity

The most notable non-signatory to the 1958 Agreement is the United States, which has its own Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, and does not recognise ECE approvals. As such vehicles cannot be imported or exported between the the U.S. and most of the rest of the world without appropriate modifications. Canada has its own Canada Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, broadly similar to the FMVSS, but it does also accept many ECE Regulations. One of the most contentious differen ...

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World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations, World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations - 1958 Agreement, World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations - List of participating countries, World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations - List of UNECE Regulations, World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations - ECE versus FMVSS

Read more here: » World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations: Encyclopedia II - World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations - ECE versus FMVSS

A kilowatt-hour is a unit of energy, and in the United States this is the unit in which electricity is purchased. The cost of electricity in the United States ranges from $0.08 to $0.12 per kilowatt-hour. The following shows how to calculate total cost of electricity for using an incandescent light bulb over a compact fluorescent light bulb. (Also note that 1 kW-hour is the same as 1000 W-hours). Electricity Cost (for cost of $0.10 per kW·h) < ...

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Incandescent light bulb, Incandescent light bulb - History of the light bulb, Incandescent light bulb - The halogen lamp, Incandescent light bulb - Comparison of electricity cost, Incandescent light bulb - Standard fittings, Incandescent light bulb - Efficacy and efficiency, Incandescent light bulb - Power, Incandescent light bulb - Voltage light output and lifetime, Incandescent light bulb - Heat

Read more here: » Incandescent light bulb: Encyclopedia II - Incandescent light bulb - Comparison of electricity cost

Forward illumination is provided by main- ("high") and dipped- ("low") beam headlamps, which may be augmented by fog lamps and/or driving lamps. Automotive lighting - Main-beam headlamps. Main article: Headlamp Main-beam headlamps provide a bright, general spread of light into the far distance. As such, they are only suitable for use when alone on the road, as they will dazzle other drivers. They are usually integrated with dipped-beam headlamps. Automotive lighting - Dipped-beam headlam ...

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Automotive lighting, Automotive lighting - Forward illumination, Automotive lighting - Main-beam headlamps, Automotive lighting - Dipped-beam headlamps, Automotive lighting - Driving lamps, Automotive lighting - Front fog lamps, Automotive lighting - Cornering lamps, Automotive lighting - Conspicuity, Automotive lighting - Front position lamps and rear taillamps, Automotive lighting - Rear position lamps, Automotive lighting - Rear registration plate lamp, Automotive lighting - Sidemarker lights and retroreflectors, Automotive lighting - Daytime running lamps, Automotive lighting - Rear fog lamps, Automotive lighting - Signalling, Automotive lighting - Turn signals, Automotive lighting - Stop lamps, Automotive lighting - Reversing lamps

Read more here: » Automotive lighting: Encyclopedia II - Automotive lighting - Forward illumination

The problem of short lamp life is addressed with the halogen lamp, also called the tungsten-halogen lamp, where a tungsten filament is sealed into a clear "capsule" filled with a halogen gas such as iodine or bromine. This creates an equilibrium reaction where the tungsten filament that evaporates when giving off light is chemically re-deposited at the hot-spots, preventing the early failure of the lamp. This also allows halogen lamps to be run at higher temperatures (which would cause unacceptably low lamp lifetimes in ordinary incandescent lamps) allowing for g ...

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Incandescent light bulb, Incandescent light bulb - History of the light bulb, Incandescent light bulb - The halogen lamp, Incandescent light bulb - Comparison of electricity cost, Incandescent light bulb - Standard fittings, Incandescent light bulb - Efficacy and efficiency, Incandescent light bulb - Power, Incandescent light bulb - Voltage light output and lifetime, Incandescent light bulb - Heat

Read more here: » Incandescent light bulb: Encyclopedia II - Incandescent light bulb - The halogen lamp

A light can waste power by emitting too much light outside of the visible spectrum. Only visible light is useful for illumination, and some wavelengths are perceived as brighter than others. Taking this into account, luminous efficacy is a ratio of the useful power emitted to the total power and is measured in lumens per watt (lm/W). The maximum efficacy possible is 683 lm/W. Luminous efficiency is luminous efficacy divided by this maximum and so is expressed as a number between 0 and 1 or as a percentage[1]. However, the ...

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Incandescent light bulb, Incandescent light bulb - History of the light bulb, Incandescent light bulb - The halogen lamp, Incandescent light bulb - Comparison of electricity cost, Incandescent light bulb - Standard fittings, Incandescent light bulb - Efficacy and efficiency, Incandescent light bulb - Power, Incandescent light bulb - Voltage light output and lifetime, Incandescent light bulb - Heat

Read more here: » Incandescent light bulb: Encyclopedia II - Incandescent light bulb - Efficacy and efficiency

Most domestic and industrial light bulbs have standard fittings compatible with standard lampholders. The most common types of fitting are: E12 or candelabra MES or medium Edison screw (aka E26), used in the USA and Japan for most 120 and 100 volt lamps BC or B22 or double-contact bayonet cap, used in the UK, Ireland and Australia for most 240 volt mains lamps (although MES is also common in the UK) E14 / E27 screw fittings, used in continental ...

See also:

Incandescent light bulb, Incandescent light bulb - History of the light bulb, Incandescent light bulb - The halogen lamp, Incandescent light bulb - Comparison of electricity cost, Incandescent light bulb - Standard fittings, Incandescent light bulb - Efficacy and efficiency, Incandescent light bulb - Power, Incandescent light bulb - Voltage light output and lifetime, Incandescent light bulb - Heat

Read more here: » Incandescent light bulb: Encyclopedia II - Incandescent light bulb - Standard fittings

A four-day, seven-country tour which officially introduced the car culminated in in an event in Milan, in the Castello Sforzesco, where all the touring units were received by a myriad of European personalities from music, fashion, sport and movies. Armani presented a fashion show and Christina Aguilera did a live performance of her song "Hello", composed exclusively for the occasion. The W169 advertising campaign ...

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Mercedes-Benz A-Class, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - History, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - W168, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - W169, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - W169 features, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - Driving assistance, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - Temperature control, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - Safety, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - Passenger and cargo space, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - Engine and drive system, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - Initial advertising campaign for the W169, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - Production, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - Profitability and impact on the Mercedes Benz brand, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - Specifications, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - W168, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - W168 vs. W169, Mercedes-Benz A-Class - W169

Read more here: » Mercedes-Benz A-Class: Encyclopedia II - Mercedes-Benz A-Class - Initial advertising campaign for the W169