Hattusili III

Some scholars try to equate the deities venerated by the Mitanni with Vedic deities, and trace the names used by the aristocracy to Indo-Aryan roots. In a treaty between the Hittites and the Mitanni, the deities Mitra, Varuna, Indra, and Nasatya (Ashvins) are invoked. Kikkuli's horse training text includes technical terms such as aika (eka, one), tera (tri, three), panza (pancha, five), satta (sapta, seven), na (nava, nine), vartana (vartana, round). Another ...

See also:

Mitanni, Mitanni - Hurri Mitanni/Maitani and Hanilgalbat, Mitanni - History, Mitanni - Unknown rulers, Mitanni - Barattarna / Parshatatar, Mitanni - Shaushtatar, Mitanni - Artatama I and Shuttarna II, Mitanni - Artasshumara, Mitanni - Tushratta, Mitanni - Shattiwaza, Mitanni - Shattuara I, Mitanni - Wasashatta, Mitanni - Shattuara II, Mitanni - Hanilgalbat as an Assyrian Province, Mitanni - Neo-Assyrian times, Mitanni - Possible connections to Sanskrit and Indo-Aryans, Mitanni - Mitanni rulers, Mitanni - Towns, Mitanni - Excavations, Mitanni - Sources

Read more here: » Mitanni: Encyclopedia II - Mitanni - Possible connections to Sanskrit and Indo-Aryans

"Mitanni" seems to have been the native term; this entity may also have been the Biblical Harran, though this is contested. We may assume a Hurrian population with an Indo-Aryan aristocracy. No native sources for the history of Mitanni (i.e. Hanilgalbat) have been found so far. The account is mainly based on Assyrian, Hittite and Egyptian sources, as well as inscriptions from nearby places in Syria. Often it is not even possible to establish synchronicity between the rulers of different countries and cities, let alone give unco ...

See also:

Mitanni, Mitanni - Hurri Mitanni/Maitani and Hanilgalbat, Mitanni - History, Mitanni - Unknown rulers, Mitanni - Barattarna / Parshatatar, Mitanni - Shaushtatar, Mitanni - Artatama I and Shuttarna II, Mitanni - Artasshumara, Mitanni - Tushratta, Mitanni - Shattiwaza, Mitanni - Shattuara I, Mitanni - Wasashatta, Mitanni - Shattuara II, Mitanni - Hanilgalbat as an Assyrian Province, Mitanni - Neo-Assyrian times, Mitanni - Possible connections to Sanskrit and Indo-Aryans, Mitanni - Mitanni rulers, Mitanni - Towns, Mitanni - Excavations, Mitanni - Sources

Read more here: » Mitanni: Encyclopedia II - Mitanni - Hurri Mitanni/Maitani and Hanilgalbat

The sack of Babylon by the Hittite king Mursilis I, which ended the reign of Samsu-Ditana, provides an anchor for the earliest dates in Hittite history. The Battle of Nihriya links Tudhaliya IV and Adad-nirari I as contemporaries. The correspondence of the Hittite kings Hattusili III and Tudhaliya IV with the Assyrian chancellor Babu-ahu-iddina conclusively proves that they were the contemporaries of Adad-nirari I, Shalmaneser I and Tukulti-Ninurta I, not their later namesakes. ...

See also:

Chronology of the Ancient Near East, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Primary sources, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Synchronisms between Assur and Babylon, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Synchronisms between Mesopotamia and Egypt, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Synchronisms between Mesopotamia and the Hittite Empire, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Babylon and Assyria, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Chronology and notes, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Divergent chronological views, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Notes

Read more here: » Chronology of the Ancient Near East: Encyclopedia II - Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Synchronisms between Mesopotamia and the Hittite Empire

Famous examples include the Treaty of Versailles, formally ending the First World War. The latter treaty is possibly the most notorious of peace treaties in that it is "blamed" by some historians for the rise of National Socialism in Germany and the eventual outbreak of the Second World War. The costly reparations Germany was forced to pay the victors of the war, the fact that Germany had to accept sole responsibility for starting the war and the harsh restrictions on German rearmament were all listed in the treaty and they caused massive re ...

See also:

Peace treaty, Peace treaty - Ancient history, Peace treaty - Elements of treaties, Peace treaty - Role of UN, Peace treaty - Famous peace treaties

Read more here: » Peace treaty: Encyclopedia II - Peace treaty - Famous peace treaties

Immanuel Velikovsky was born in Vitebsk in what is today Belarus. He learned several languages as a child, performed exceptionally well in Russian and mathematics at the Medvednikov Gymnasium after moving to Moscow, and graduated with a gold medal in 1913. He then travelled to Europe, visiting Palestine, briefly studying medicine at Montpellier, France, and taking premedical courses at the University of Edinburgh. Having returned to Russia before the outbreak of World War I, Velikovsky enrolled in the University of Moscow and received ...

See also:

Immanuel Velikovsky, Immanuel Velikovsky - Biography, Immanuel Velikovsky - Velikovsky's Theories, Immanuel Velikovsky - The Revised Chronology, Immanuel Velikovsky - Criticism, Immanuel Velikovsky - Books by Velikovsky, Immanuel Velikovsky - Organisations sympathetic to Velikovsky's work:

Read more here: » Immanuel Velikovsky: Encyclopedia II - Immanuel Velikovsky - Biography

The founding of the Hittite Empire is usually attributed to Hattusili I, who conquered the plain south of Hattusa, all the way to the outskirts of Yamkhad (modern-day Aleppo) in Syria. Though it remained for his heir, Mursili I, to conquer that city, Hattusili was clearly influenced by the rich culture he discovered in northern Mesopotamia, and founded a school in his capital to spread the cuneiform style of writing he encountered there. Mursili continued the conquests of Hattusili, reaching through Mesopotamia and even ransacking Bab ...

See also:

History of the Hittites, History of the Hittites - Hattians and Hittites, History of the Hittites - Origins of the Hittite Kingdom, History of the Hittites - The Hittite Old Kingdom, History of the Hittites - The New Kingdom, History of the Hittites - Battle of Kadesh, History of the Hittites - Downfall and Demise of the Empire, History of the Hittites - The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms, History of the Hittites - Timeline

Read more here: » History of the Hittites: Encyclopedia II - History of the Hittites - The Hittite Old Kingdom

Around 2000 BC, the region centered in Hattusa, that would later become the core of the Hittite kingdom, was inhabited by people with a distinct culture who spoke a non-Indo-European language. The name "Hattic" is used by Anatolianists to distinguish this language from the Indo-European Hittite language, that appeared on the scene at the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC and became the administrative language of the Hittite kingdom over the next six or seven centuries. As noted above, "Hittite" is a modern convention for referring to this language. T ...

See also:

History of the Hittites, History of the Hittites - Hattians and Hittites, History of the Hittites - Origins of the Hittite Kingdom, History of the Hittites - The Hittite Old Kingdom, History of the Hittites - The New Kingdom, History of the Hittites - Battle of Kadesh, History of the Hittites - Downfall and Demise of the Empire, History of the Hittites - The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms, History of the Hittites - Timeline

Read more here: » History of the Hittites: Encyclopedia II - History of the Hittites - Hattians and Hittites

"Mitanni" seems to have been the native term; this entity may also have been the Biblical Harran, though this is contested. We may assume a Hurrian population with an Indo-Aryan aristocracy. No native sources for the history of Mitanni (i.e. Hanilgalbat) have been found so far. The account is mainly based on Assyrian, Hittite and Egyptian sources, as well as inscriptions from nearby places in Syria. Often it is not even possible to establish synchronicity between the rulers of different countries and cities, let alone give unco ...

See also:

Mitanni, Mitanni - Hurri Mitanni/Maitani and Hanilgalbat, Mitanni - History, Mitanni - Unknown rulers, Mitanni - Barattarna / Parshatatar, Mitanni - Shaushtatar, Mitanni - Artatama I and Shuttarna II, Mitanni - Artasshumara, Mitanni - Tushratta, Mitanni - Shattiwazza, Mitanni - Shattuara I, Mitanni - Wasashatta, Mitanni - Shattuara II, Mitanni - Hanilgalbat as an Assyrian Province, Mitanni - Neo-Assyrian times, Mitanni - Possible connections to Sanskrit and Indo-Aryans, Mitanni - Mitanni rulers, Mitanni - Towns, Mitanni - Excavations, Mitanni - Sources

Read more here: » Mitanni: Encyclopedia II - Mitanni - Hurri Mitanni/Maitani and Hanilgalbat

"And Velikovsky is neither crank nor charlatan—although to state my opinion and to quote one of my colleagues, he is at least gloriously wrong." - Stephen J. Gould Velikovsky in Collision. Velikovsky's most criticized book, Worlds in Collision, proposed that around the 15th century BCE, a comet or comet-like object (now called the planet Venus), having originally been ejected from Jupiter, passed near Earth, changing Earth's orbit and axis and causing innumerable catastrophes, mentioned in early mythologies and ...

See also:

Immanuel Velikovsky, Immanuel Velikovsky - Biography, Immanuel Velikovsky - Velikovsky's Theories, Immanuel Velikovsky - The Revised Chronology, Immanuel Velikovsky - Criticism, Immanuel Velikovsky - Books by Velikovsky, Immanuel Velikovsky - Organisations sympathetic to Velikovsky's work:

Read more here: » Immanuel Velikovsky: Encyclopedia II - Immanuel Velikovsky - Criticism

Some scholars try to equate the deities venerated by the Mitanni with Vedic deities, and trace the names used by the aristocracy to Indo-Aryan roots. In a treaty between the Hittites and the Mitanni, the deities Mitra, Varuna, Indra, and Nasatya (Ashvins) are invoked. Kikkuli's horse training text includes technical terms such as aika (eka, one), tera (tri, three), panza (pancha, five), satta (sapta, seven), na (nava, nine), vartana (vartana, round). Another ...

See also:

Mitanni, Mitanni - Hurri Mitanni/Maitani and Hanilgalbat, Mitanni - History, Mitanni - Unknown rulers, Mitanni - Barattarna / Parshatatar, Mitanni - Shaushtatar, Mitanni - Artatama I and Shuttarna II, Mitanni - Artasshumara, Mitanni - Tushratta, Mitanni - Shattiwazza, Mitanni - Shattuara I, Mitanni - Wasashatta, Mitanni - Shattuara II, Mitanni - Hanilgalbat as an Assyrian Province, Mitanni - Neo-Assyrian times, Mitanni - Possible connections to Sanskrit and Indo-Aryans, Mitanni - Mitanni rulers, Mitanni - Towns, Mitanni - Excavations, Mitanni - Sources

Read more here: » Mitanni: Encyclopedia II - Mitanni - Possible connections to Sanskrit and Indo-Aryans

There are many possible issues which may be included in a peace treaty, and a treaty's content usually depends heavily on the nature of the conflict being concluded. Some of these may be: Formal designation of borders. Processes for resolving future disputes Access to and apportioning of natural resources Status of prisoners Status of refugees Settling of existing debts Settling of ownership claims Defining of proscribed behaviorSee also:

Peace treaty, Peace treaty - Ancient history, Peace treaty - Elements of treaties, Peace treaty - Role of UN, Peace treaty - Famous peace treaties

Read more here: » Peace treaty: Encyclopedia II - Peace treaty - Elements of treaties

The Chaldean king Nabonidus (reigned from 556 BC), who was more of an antiquarian than a politician, and spent his time in excavating the older temples of his country and ascertaining the names of their builders, tells us that Naram-Sin, the son of Sargon of Akkad, lived 3200 years before himself, i.e. around 3750 BC. It is generally accepted by the archaeological consensus this date is much too early. As the reign of King Nabonidus ended by the accession of Cyrus in Babylonia around 539 or 538 BC, the "years" may have been given by actual m ...

See also:

Chronology of the Ancient Near East, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Primary sources, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Synchronisms between Assur and Babylon, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Synchronisms between Mesopotamia and Egypt, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Synchronisms between Mesopotamia and the Hittite Empire, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Babylon and Assyria, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Chronology and notes, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Divergent chronological views, Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Notes

Read more here: » Chronology of the Ancient Near East: Encyclopedia II - Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Babylon and Assyria