Hatti

Canaan or Knáʕan (Arabic کنعان, Hebrew כְּנַעַן, Septuagint Greek Χανααν) is an ancient term for a region roughly corresponding to present-day Israel/Palestine including the West Bank, western Jordan, southern and coastal Syria and Lebanon continuing up until the border of modern Turkey. Various Canaanite sites have been excavated by archaeologists, most notably the Canaanite town of Ugarit, which was rediscovere ...

Including:

• Canaan - Etymology
• Canaan - Phoenician Canaan
• Canaan - Canaan in Mesopotamian inscriptions
• Canaan - Egyptian Canaan
• Canaan - Biblical Canaanites

Read more here: » Canaan: Encyclopedia - Canaan

Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after İstanbul. The city has a population of 5,153,000 (as of 2005), and a mean elevation of 850 m. (2800 ft.) It was formerly known as Angora or Engürü, and in Roman times as Ancyra, and in classical and Hellenistic periods as Ἄγκυρα Áŋkyra (see also List of traditional Greek place names). ...

Including:

• Ankara - History
• Ankara - Attractions
• Ankara - General attractions
• Ankara - Archeological sites
• Ankara - Modern monuments
• Ankara - Mosques
• Ankara - Parks
• Ankara - Shopping
• Ankara - Universities
• Ankara - Transportation
• Ankara - Sports

Read more here: » Ankara: Encyclopedia - Ankara

Nebmaatre Amenhotep III (called Nibmu(`w)areya in the Amarna letters) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty. According to different authors he ruled ca. 1389 BC-1351 BC, or 1391 BC-1353 BC, following on from his father Thutmose IV. With his Chief Queen Tiy, he fathered his second son, Akhenaten, who succeeded him on the throne. Amenhotep appears to have been crowned while still a child, perhaps between the ages of 6 and 12. His lengthy reign was a period of great peace, prosperity, and artistic splendour. He ...

Including:

• Amenhotep III - Death
• Amenhotep III - Bibliography

Read more here: » Amenhotep III: Encyclopedia - Amenhotep III

Known rulers, in the History of Egypt, for the Nineteenth Dynasty. The Eighteenth, Nineteenth and Twentieth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, New Kingdom. The Nineteenth Dynasty was founded by Vizier Ramesses I, whom Pharaoh Horemheb chose as his successor to the throne. This period is best known for its military conquests in modern Israel, Lebanon, and Syria. New Kingdom Egypt reached the zenith of its power under Seti I and Ramesses II, who ca ...

Read more here: » Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt: Encyclopedia - Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt

The earliest mention of the Sea Peoples proper is in an inscription of the Egyptian king Merneptah, whose rule is usually dated from 1213 BC to 1204 BC. Merneptah states that in the fifth year of his reign (1208 BC) he defeated an invasion of an allied force of Libyans and the Sea People, killing 6,000 soldiers and taking 9,000 prisoners. About 20 years later the Egyptian king Ramses III was forced to deal with another invasion of the Sea Peoples, this time allied with the Philistines. In the mortuary temple he built in Thebes, Ramses ...

See also:

Sea Peoples, Sea Peoples - Historic records, Sea Peoples - Hypotheses about the Sea Peoples

Read more here: » Sea Peoples: Encyclopedia II - Sea Peoples - Historic records

See also:

Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt, Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt - Nineteenth dynasty timeline

Read more here: » Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt: Encyclopedia II - Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt - Nineteenth dynasty timeline

Ramesses II was the third king of the 19th dynasty, and the son of Seti I and his Queen Tuya. The most memorable of Ramesses' wives was Nefertari. Others among his wives were Isisnofret and Maathorneferure, Princess of Hatti. The writer Terence Gray stated in 1923 that Ramesses II had as many as 20 sons and 20 daughters; more recent scholars, however, believe his offspring, while numerous, were far fewer, somewhere around 90. His children include Bintanath and Meritamen (princesses and their father's wives), Setnakht (Sethnakhte), the Pharaoh Merneptah (who su ...

See also:

Ramesses II, Ramesses II - Life, Ramesses II - The Pharaoh of the Exodus?

Read more here: » Ramesses II: Encyclopedia II - Ramesses II - Life

Only a generation later, a Hittite king had chosen the site as his residence and capital. The Hittites, speaking an Indo-European language had been drifting into the area, without notable violence or mass migrations, for some time. The Hattian Hattush now became the Hittite Hattusha, and the king took the name of Hattusili I, the "one from Hattusha." Hattusili marked the beginning of a royal line of H ...

See also:

Hattusa, Hattusa - The surroundings, Hattusa - Early history of the city, Hattusa - The Hittite Imperial City, Hattusa - Discovery of the city, Hattusa - Bibliography

Read more here: » Hattusa: Encyclopedia II - Hattusa - The Hittite Imperial City

References to a people whose name is transcribed into English as "Hittites" (or sometimes "Hettites") are found throughout the Hebrew Bible. These Biblical references to the Hittites are summarized below. It should be noted that the corpus of the Hebrew Bible was probably compiled in its near-final form between the 7th and 5th centuries BC, during or after the Babylonian exile, as related in the Book of Ezra, with a further revision in the Masoretic text occurring some time between ca. 200 BC and 100 AD, as inferred from textual analysis of the Septuagint, Dead Sea Scrolls, and other sources. < ...

See also:

Hittites, Hittites - Archaeological discovery, Hittites - History, Hittites - The Biblical Hittites, Hittites - The references, Hittites - The traditional view, Hittites - The mainstream view, Hittites - Other views, Hittites - Literature

Read more here: » Hittites: Encyclopedia II - Hittites - The Biblical Hittites

Ramesses II was the third king of the 19th dynasty, and the son of Seti I and his Queen Tuya. The most memorable of Ramesses' wives was Nefertari. Others among his wives were Isisnofret and Maathorneferure, Princess of Hatti. The writer Terence Gray stated in 1923 that Ramesses II had as many as 200 sons and 200 daughters; more recent scholars, however, believe his offspring, while numerous, were far fewer, somewhere around 90. His children include Bintanath and Meritamen (princesses and their father's wives), Setnakht (Sethnakhte), the Pharaoh Merneptah (who su ...

See also:

Ramesses II, Ramesses II - Life

Read more here: » Ramesses II: Encyclopedia II - Ramesses II - Life

"Hittite" is a modern name, chosen after the (still disputed) identification of the Hattusa kingdom with the Hittites mentioned in the Old Testament. In multi-lingual texts found in Hittite locations, passages written in the Hittite language are preceded by the adverb nesili (or nasili), "(speech) of Nesa", the second capital of the Empire. In one case, the label is Kanisumnili, "that which is spoken in Kanes", an alternative name for the same city. Although the Hittite empire was composed of people from many dive ...

See also:

Hittite language, Hittite language - Name, Hittite language - Decipherment, Hittite language - Classification and relatives, Hittite language - Features of the language, Hittite language - Genders and cases, Hittite language - Laryngeals

Read more here: » Hittite language: Encyclopedia II - Hittite language - Name

Ankara - General attractions. Anıtkabir: Located on an imposing hill in the Anittepe quarter of the city stands the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of the Republic of Turkey. Completed in 1953, it is an impressive fusion of ancient and modern architecture. An adjacent museum houses a superior wax statue of Atatürk, his writings, letters and personal items, as well as an exhibition of photographs recording important moments in his life and in the establishment of the Republic (Anitkabir is open everyday, and the adja ...

See also:

Ankara, Ankara - History, Ankara - Attractions, Ankara - General attractions, Ankara - Archeological sites, Ankara - Modern monuments, Ankara - Mosques, Ankara - Parks, Ankara - Shopping, Ankara - Universities, Ankara - Transportation, Ankara - Sports

Read more here: » Ankara: Encyclopedia II - Ankara - Attractions

During the 2nd millennium BC the name Kan'an, favoured in Egyptian usage, was used for a province of the Egyptian empire bounded on the west by the Mediterranean Sea, on the north by the Pass of Hamath in southern Lebanon, on the east by the Jordan Valley and on the south by a line extended from the Dead Sea to the Gaza area. This region corresponds closely to the description given in the ...

See also:

Canaan, Canaan - Etymology, Canaan - Phoenician Canaan, Canaan - Canaan in Mesopotamian inscriptions, Canaan - Egyptian Canaan, Canaan - Biblical Canaanites

Read more here: » Canaan: Encyclopedia II - Canaan - Egyptian Canaan

Habiru - Sumerian records. Sumerian documents from the reign of Shulgi of Ur (around 2150 BC) describe a class of "unclothed people, who travel in dead silence, who destroy everything, whose menfolk go where they will — they establish their tents and their camps — they spend their time in the countryside without observing the decrees of my king". Those people are designated by a two-character cuneiform logogram of unknown pronunciation, which is conventionally transcribed as SA.GAZ. Although the ...

See also:

Habiru, Habiru - The sources, Habiru - Sumerian records, Habiru - Early Mesopotamian sources, Habiru - Canaanite sources, Habiru - Egyptian sources, Habiru - Hittite sources, Habiru - Mitanni sources, Habiru - Ugarit, Habiru - Interpretations, Habiru - Habiru as a loose ethnic group, Habiru - Habiru and the Hebrew, Habiru - Habiru as a general term

Read more here: » Habiru: Encyclopedia II - Habiru - The sources

Before 2000 BC a settlement of the apparently indigenous Hatti people was established on sites that had been occupied even earlier. The earliest traces of settlement on the site is from the Sixth Millennium BC. In the 19th and 18th centuries BC, merchants from Ashur in Assyria established a trading post here, setting up in their own separate quarter of the city. The center of their trade network was located in Kanesh (Nesha), the archaeological site known as Kültepe near Kayseri. Business dealings required record-keeping: the trade network from Ashur int ...

See also:

Hattusa, Hattusa - The surroundings, Hattusa - Early history of the city, Hattusa - The Hittite Imperial City, Hattusa - Discovery of the city, Hattusa - Bibliography

Read more here: » Hattusa: Encyclopedia II - Hattusa - Early history of the city

Since 1906, the Deutsche Orientgesellschaft (the German Institute of Archaeology) has been excavating at Hattusa (with breaks during the two World Wars and the Depression). Archaeological work is still carried out by the German Institute of Archaeology (Deutsche Archäologische Institut). Hugo Winckler und Theodor Makridi Bey conducted the first excavations 1906, 1907 and 1911-13. One of its most important discoveries has been the cuneiform royal archives of clay tablets, consisting of official correspondence and contracts, as well as legal ...

See also:

Hattusa, Hattusa - The surroundings, Hattusa - Early history of the city, Hattusa - The Hittite Imperial City, Hattusa - Discovery of the city, Hattusa - Bibliography

Read more here: » Hattusa: Encyclopedia II - Hattusa - Discovery of the city

The region's vibrant history can be traced back to the Bronze Age Hatti civilization, which was succeeded in the 2nd millennium BC by the Hittites, in the 10th century BC by the Phrygians, then by the Lydians and Persians. Persian sovereignty lasted until the Persians' defeat at the hands of the Macedonian king Alexander the Great. In 333 BC, Alexander came from Gordium to Ankara and stayed in the city for a period of time. After his death at Babylon in 323 BC and the subsequent division of his empire amongst his generals, Ankara and its environs ...

See also:

Ankara, Ankara - History, Ankara - Attractions, Ankara - General attractions, Ankara - Archeological sites, Ankara - Modern monuments, Ankara - Mosques, Ankara - Parks, Ankara - Shopping, Ankara - Universities, Ankara - Transportation, Ankara - Sports

Read more here: » Ankara: Encyclopedia II - Ankara - History

The landscape surrounding the city included rich agricultural fields, hill lands for pasture, as well as woods. Smaller woods are still found outside the city but in ancient times there were much more. This meant the inhabitants had a great supply for timber when building their houses and other structures. The fields provided the people with a subsistence of wheat, barley and lentils. Linen was also grown, but their primary source for clothing was wool from sheep. They also hunted deer in the forest, but this was probably only a pleasure by ...

See also:

Hattusa, Hattusa - The surroundings, Hattusa - Early history of the city, Hattusa - The Hittite Imperial City, Hattusa - Discovery of the city, Hattusa - Bibliography

Read more here: » Hattusa: Encyclopedia II - Hattusa - The surroundings

At least as early as Eusebius of Caesarea, Ramesses II was identified with the pharaoh of whom the Biblical figure Moses is popularly believed to have demanded that his people be released from slavery. The identification is problematic for several reasons: Ramesses II was not drowned in the Sea. There is nothing in the archaeological or textual record of his reign suggesting the Plagues of Egypt or anything similar. Other candidates for Pharaoh of the Exodus include: ...

See also:

Ramesses II, Ramesses II - Life, Ramesses II - The Pharaoh of the Exodus?

Read more here: » Ramesses II: Encyclopedia II - Ramesses II - The Pharaoh of the Exodus?

In linguistic terms, Canaanite refers to the common ancestor of closely related Semitic languages including Hebrew, and Ugaritic, and was the first language to use a Semitic alphabet, from which the others derived their scripts; see Canaanite languages. The name Canaan is of obscure origins but is extremely ancient; the first known references appear in the 3rd millennium BC. The Biblical explanation is that it derives from Canaan, the son of Ham and the grandson of Noah, whose offspring correspond to the names of Cana ...

See also:

Canaan, Canaan - Etymology, Canaan - Phoenician Canaan, Canaan - Canaan in Mesopotamian inscriptions, Canaan - Egyptian Canaan, Canaan - Biblical Canaanites

Read more here: » Canaan: Encyclopedia II - Canaan - Etymology