Francis Fukuyama (United States, 1952- ) Fukuyama is best known as the author of the controversial book The End of History and the Last Man, in which he argues that the progression of human history as a struggle between ideologies is largely at an end, with the world settling on liberal democracy after the end of the Cold War. However, Fukuyama is not a liberal but a (neo)conservative, even called a bio-Luddite or bioconservative. Some literature: The End of History and the Last Man, 1 ...

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Contributions to liberal theory, Contributions to liberal theory - Niccolò Machiavelli, Contributions to liberal theory - Desiderius Erasmus, Contributions to liberal theory - Hugo Grotius, Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Hobbes, Contributions to liberal theory - Baruch Spinoza, Contributions to liberal theory - John Locke, Contributions to liberal theory - John Trenchard, Contributions to liberal theory - Charles de Montesquieu, Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Gordon, Contributions to liberal theory - François Quesnay, Contributions to liberal theory - Voltaire, Contributions to liberal theory - Benjamin Franklin, Contributions to liberal theory - David Hume, Contributions to liberal theory - Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Contributions to liberal theory - Denis Diderot, Contributions to liberal theory - Jean le Rond d'Alembert, Contributions to liberal theory - Samuel Adams, Contributions to liberal theory - Richard Price, Contributions to liberal theory - Anders Chydenius, Contributions to liberal theory - Adam Smith, Contributions to liberal theory - William Blackstone, Contributions to liberal theory - Immanuel Kant, Contributions to liberal theory - Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Contributions to liberal theory - Edmund Burke, Contributions to liberal theory - Joseph Priestley, Contributions to liberal theory - August Ludwig von Schlözer, Contributions to liberal theory - Patrick Henry, Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Paine, Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Jefferson, Contributions to liberal theory - Marquis de Condorcet, Contributions to liberal theory - Jeremy Bentham, Contributions to liberal theory - Emmanuel Sieyès, Contributions to liberal theory - James Madison, Contributions to liberal theory - Alexander Hamilton, Contributions to liberal theory - Anne Louise Germaine de Staël, Contributions to liberal theory - Benjamin Constant, Contributions to liberal theory - Jean-Baptiste Say, Contributions to liberal theory - Wilhelm von Humboldt, Contributions to liberal theory - David Ricardo, Contributions to liberal theory - James Mill, Contributions to liberal theory - Friedrich List, Contributions to liberal theory - Johan Rudolf Thorbecke, Contributions to liberal theory - Frédéric Bastiat, Contributions to liberal theory - Harriet Martineau, Contributions to liberal theory - Ralph Waldo Emerson, Contributions to liberal theory - Alexis de Tocqueville, Contributions to liberal theory - William Lloyd Garrison, Contributions to liberal theory - John Stuart Mill, Contributions to liberal theory - Abraham Lincoln, Contributions to liberal theory - Juan Bautista Alberdi, Contributions to liberal theory - Henry David Thoreau, Contributions to liberal theory - Jakob Burkhardt, Contributions to liberal theory - Herbert Spencer, Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Hill Green, Contributions to liberal theory - Carl Menger, Contributions to liberal theory - William Graham Sumner, Contributions to liberal theory - Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., Contributions to liberal theory - Lujo Brentano, Contributions to liberal theory - Tomás Masaryk, Contributions to liberal theory - Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, Contributions to liberal theory - Louis Brandeis, Contributions to liberal theory - Thorstein Veblen, Contributions to liberal theory - John Dewey, Contributions to liberal theory - Friedrich Naumann, Contributions to liberal theory - Max Weber, Contributions to liberal theory - Leonard Hobhouse, Contributions to liberal theory - Benedetto Croce, Contributions to liberal theory - Walther Rathenau, Contributions to liberal theory - William Beveridge, Contributions to liberal theory - Ludwig von Mises, Contributions to liberal theory - John Maynard Keynes, Contributions to liberal theory - José Ortega y Gasset, Contributions to liberal theory - Salvador de Madariaga, Contributions to liberal theory - Upton Sinclair, Contributions to liberal theory - Will Durant, Contributions to liberal theory - Adolf Berle, Contributions to liberal theory - Wilhelm Röpke, Contributions to liberal theory - Bertil Ohlin, Contributions to liberal theory - Friedrich Hayek, Contributions to liberal theory - Karl Popper, Contributions to liberal theory - Alan Paton, Contributions to liberal theory - John Hicks, Contributions to liberal theory - Raymond Aron, Contributions to liberal theory - Simone de Beauvoir, Contributions to liberal theory - John Kenneth Galbraith, Contributions to liberal theory - Isaiah Berlin, Contributions to liberal theory - Milton Friedman, Contributions to liberal theory - Arthur Schlesinger Jr., Contributions to liberal theory - James Buchanan, Contributions to liberal theory - John Rawls, Contributions to liberal theory - Murray Newton Rothbard, Contributions to liberal theory - Gore Vidal, Contributions to liberal theory - Noam Chomsky, Contributions to liberal theory - Ralf Dahrendorf, Contributions to liberal theory - Karl-Hermann Flach, Contributions to liberal theory - Joseph Raz, Contributions to liberal theory - Ronald Dworkin, Contributions to liberal theory - Richard Rorty, Contributions to liberal theory - Amartya Sen, Contributions to liberal theory - Robert Nozick, Contributions to liberal theory - Hernando de Soto, Contributions to liberal theory - Bruce Ackerman, Contributions to liberal theory - Joseph Stiglitz, Contributions to liberal theory - Martha Nussbaum, Contributions to liberal theory - Francis Fukuyama, Contributions to liberal theory - Dirk Verhofstadt, Contributions to liberal theory - Will Kymlicka

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The City has a strong sporting tradition, being home to Premiership football team Newcastle United, and Guinness Premiership rugby union side Newcastle Falcons, for whom England's "(Rugby Union) World Cup winning hero" Jonny Wilkinson features. The city's Metro Radio Arena is home to Newcastle Vipers ice hockey team, and Newcastle Eagles basketball team. The City's Speedway team Newcastle Diamonds are based at Brough Park in Byker, a venue that is also home to greyhound racing. Newcastle Racecourse at High Gosforth Park holds regular meets, including the prestigious race for the Northumberlan ...

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Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne - History and development, Newcastle upon Tyne - Architecture and urban development, Newcastle upon Tyne - Transport and infrastructure, Newcastle upon Tyne - Air, Newcastle upon Tyne - Rail, Newcastle upon Tyne - Road, Newcastle upon Tyne - Sea, Newcastle upon Tyne - Bus, Newcastle upon Tyne - Sport, Newcastle upon Tyne - Education, Newcastle upon Tyne - Entertainment, Newcastle upon Tyne - Bars and clubs, Newcastle upon Tyne - Theatre, Newcastle upon Tyne - Music, Newcastle upon Tyne - Shopping, Newcastle upon Tyne - Outdoor pursuits, Newcastle upon Tyne - Religion, Newcastle upon Tyne - Christianity, Newcastle upon Tyne - Judaism, Newcastle upon Tyne - Media, Newcastle upon Tyne - Broadcast, Newcastle upon Tyne - Print, Newcastle upon Tyne - Gay community, Newcastle upon Tyne - List of people from Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne - Born in Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne - Residents past and present, Newcastle upon Tyne - Twin Cities, Newcastle upon Tyne - Museums & Places of Interest, Newcastle upon Tyne - In Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne - In the surrounding area

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Newcastle upon Tyne - Air. Newcastle International Airport located near Ponteland is the fastest growing airport in the UK. The airport currently handles a little under five million passengers per year, with more than 80 destinations available world-wide. A journey from the city center to the Airport takes some 15 minutes by car or 20 minutes on the Tyne and Wear Metro service.

Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne - History and development, Newcastle upon Tyne - Architecture and urban development, Newcastle upon Tyne - Transport and infrastructure, Newcastle upon Tyne - Air, Newcastle upon Tyne - Rail, Newcastle upon Tyne - Road, Newcastle upon Tyne - Sea, Newcastle upon Tyne - Bus, Newcastle upon Tyne - Sport, Newcastle upon Tyne - Education, Newcastle upon Tyne - Entertainment, Newcastle upon Tyne - Bars and clubs, Newcastle upon Tyne - Theatre, Newcastle upon Tyne - Music, Newcastle upon Tyne - Shopping, Newcastle upon Tyne - Outdoor pursuits, Newcastle upon Tyne - Religion, Newcastle upon Tyne - Christianity, Newcastle upon Tyne - Judaism, Newcastle upon Tyne - Media, Newcastle upon Tyne - Broadcast, Newcastle upon Tyne - Print, Newcastle upon Tyne - Gay community, Newcastle upon Tyne - List of people from Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne - Born in Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne - Residents past and present, Newcastle upon Tyne - Twin Cities, Newcastle upon Tyne - Museums & Places of Interest, Newcastle upon Tyne - In Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne - In the surrounding area

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Charles Darwin's theory that evolution occurred through natural selection changed the thinking of countless fields of study from biology to anthropology. His work established that "evolution" had occurred: not necessarily that it was by natural or sexual selection (this particular recognition would not become fully standard until the rediscovery of Gregor Mendel's work in the early 20th century and the creation of the modern synthesis). Others before him had outlined the idea of natural selection: in his lifetime Darwin acknowledged the earl ...

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Charles Darwin, Charles Darwin - Life, Charles Darwin - Early life, Charles Darwin - Journey on the Beagle, Charles Darwin - Career in science inception of theory, Charles Darwin - Marriage and children, Charles Darwin - Development of theory, Charles Darwin - Announcement and publication of theory, Charles Darwin - Reaction, Charles Darwin - Further work until his death, Charles Darwin - Religious views, Charles Darwin - Legacy, Charles Darwin - Commemoration, Charles Darwin - Eugenics, Charles Darwin - Social Darwinism, Charles Darwin - Works, Charles Darwin - Published works, Charles Darwin - Letters

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Norwich is considered to have a wealth of historical architecture. The medieval period is represented by the 11th-century cathedral, 12th-century castle (now a museum) and a large number of parish churches as well as a few houses and public buildings. Most of the medieval building is in the city centre. From the 18th century the pre-eminent local name is Thomas Ivory, who built the Assembly Rooms (1776), the Octagon Chapel (1756), St Helen's House (1752) in the grounds of the Great Hospital, and innovative speculative housing in Surrey Street (c. 1761). Ivory should not be confused with the Irish archit ...

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Norwich, Norwich - History, Norwich - Roman, Norwich - Early English/Norman Conquest, Norwich - Middle Ages, Norwich - English Civil Wars to Victorian Era, Norwich - Present-day, Norwich - Culture, Norwich - Business and shopping, Norwich - Entertainment, Norwich - Sport, Norwich - Perception, Norwich - Geography, Norwich - Infrastructure, Norwich - Travellers' comments, Norwich - Famous names associated with City, Norwich - Contemporary names associated with Norwich, Norwich - Architecture, Norwich - Twinned Cities

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The city has two universities, the University of Newcastle upon Tyne that earned the coveted Sunday Times University of the Year award in 2000 and the newer Northumbria University that was established in 1992 and was voted 'Best New University' by the Times Good University Guide 2005. There are eleven LEA-funded 11 to 18 schools and seven independent schools with sixth forms in Newcastle. The Newcastle Royal Grammar School is often claimed to be one of the foremost schools in the North of England. Newcastle College is the largest general ...

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Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne - History and development, Newcastle upon Tyne - Architecture and urban development, Newcastle upon Tyne - Transport and infrastructure, Newcastle upon Tyne - Air, Newcastle upon Tyne - Rail, Newcastle upon Tyne - Road, Newcastle upon Tyne - Sea, Newcastle upon Tyne - Bus, Newcastle upon Tyne - Sport, Newcastle upon Tyne - Education, Newcastle upon Tyne - Entertainment, Newcastle upon Tyne - Bars and clubs, Newcastle upon Tyne - Theatre, Newcastle upon Tyne - Music, Newcastle upon Tyne - Shopping, Newcastle upon Tyne - Outdoor pursuits, Newcastle upon Tyne - Religion, Newcastle upon Tyne - Christianity, Newcastle upon Tyne - Judaism, Newcastle upon Tyne - Media, Newcastle upon Tyne - Broadcast, Newcastle upon Tyne - Print, Newcastle upon Tyne - Gay community, Newcastle upon Tyne - List of people from Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne - Born in Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne - Residents past and present, Newcastle upon Tyne - Twin Cities, Newcastle upon Tyne - Museums & Places of Interest, Newcastle upon Tyne - In Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne - In the surrounding area

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In 1839, now married to Emma and settled in foggy London, Darwin continued to look to the countryside for information and began a Questions & Experiments notebook with ideas that would have seemed bizarrely mundane to the "philosophical" scientists of the time. He printed Questions about the Breeding of Animals and sent them out to gentlemen farmers, asking for information on animal husbandry from their nurserymen and gamekeepers on how they crossed varieties or selected offspring. Of only three who responded one simply fou ...

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Development of Darwin's theory, Development of Darwin's theory - Background, Development of Darwin's theory - Married life, Development of Darwin's theory - First writings on the theory, Development of Darwin's theory - Essay, Development of Darwin's theory - Vestiges published, Development of Darwin's theory - Trifling facts, Development of Darwin's theory - Barnacles, Development of Darwin's theory - Hooker reads the Essay, Development of Darwin's theory - British Association: Vestiges and Wilberforce, Development of Darwin's theory - Health problems, Development of Darwin's theory - Water Cure, Development of Darwin's theory - Homologies in barnacles, Development of Darwin's theory - Annie falls ill, Development of Darwin's theory - Family life, Development of Darwin's theory - Progressive reforms, Development of Darwin's theory - Renewal of work on Species, Development of Darwin's theory - Towards publication

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In January 1842 Darwin sent a tentative description of his ideas in a letter to Lyell, who was then touring America. Lyell, dismayed that his erstwhile ally had become a Transmutationist, noted that Darwin "denies seeing a beginning to each crop of species". Illness was a continuing problem, and as his books on Coral Reefs and Fish reached print he and Emma left London on 18 May, visiting her parents at Maer Hall then moving on to Shrewsbury on 15 June for rest and quiet. Here Darwin formulated a 35 page '"Pencil Sketch"' of his theor ...

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Development of Darwin's theory, Development of Darwin's theory - Background, Development of Darwin's theory - Married life, Development of Darwin's theory - First writings on the theory, Development of Darwin's theory - Essay, Development of Darwin's theory - Vestiges published, Development of Darwin's theory - Trifling facts, Development of Darwin's theory - Barnacles, Development of Darwin's theory - Hooker reads the Essay, Development of Darwin's theory - British Association: Vestiges and Wilberforce, Development of Darwin's theory - Health problems, Development of Darwin's theory - Water Cure, Development of Darwin's theory - Homologies in barnacles, Development of Darwin's theory - Annie falls ill, Development of Darwin's theory - Family life, Development of Darwin's theory - Progressive reforms, Development of Darwin's theory - Renewal of work on Species, Development of Darwin's theory - Towards publication

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In the summer of 1829 he gave up medicine as his father Doctor Robert Waring Darwin considered that Erasmus's "delicate frame" could not withstand a career "involving, if successful, a severe strain on body & mind" and decided to pension him off. Eras was "very agreeable" to retiring at the age of 26 and planned to live in London with "an air cushion in his rooms" to allow a visiting Charles to stay with him. The brothers visited the Birmingham Music Festival for what Charles described as the "most glorious" experience. That Christmas Ch ...

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Erasmus Alvey Darwin, Erasmus Alvey Darwin - Education, Erasmus Alvey Darwin - Retirement, Erasmus Alvey Darwin - Miss Martineau, Erasmus Alvey Darwin - Uncle Ras

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By September 1854 his second volume of Barnacles had been printed and dispatched, and he turned his attention to Species, telling his cousin William Darwin Fox that he planned to "view all facts that I can master..to see how far they favour or are opposed to the notion that wild species are mutable or immutable". All available information was examined for "hostile facts" and discussed with Hooker, who had resisted what he called Darwin's "Elastic theory" ...

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Development of Darwin's theory, Development of Darwin's theory - Background, Development of Darwin's theory - Married life, Development of Darwin's theory - First writings on the theory, Development of Darwin's theory - Essay, Development of Darwin's theory - Vestiges published, Development of Darwin's theory - Trifling facts, Development of Darwin's theory - Barnacles, Development of Darwin's theory - Hooker reads the Essay, Development of Darwin's theory - British Association: Vestiges and Wilberforce, Development of Darwin's theory - Health problems, Development of Darwin's theory - Water Cure, Development of Darwin's theory - Homologies in barnacles, Development of Darwin's theory - Annie falls ill, Development of Darwin's theory - Family life, Development of Darwin's theory - Progressive reforms, Development of Darwin's theory - Renewal of work on Species, Development of Darwin's theory - Towards publication

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Norwich - Infrastructure. Norwich is connected to Peterborough via Kings Lynn by the A47, the (port of) Ipswich by the A140, Cambridge (and the motorway M11 to London) by the A11. Rail links to the rest of the country are via London Liverpool St Station and Peterborough. Local lines also run to destinations including Great Yarmouth, Lowestoft and Sheringham. Norwich formerly had three stations running to a number of other local destinations, but now the rail t ...

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Norwich, Norwich - History, Norwich - Roman, Norwich - Early English/Norman Conquest, Norwich - Middle Ages, Norwich - English Civil Wars to Victorian Era, Norwich - Present-day, Norwich - Culture, Norwich - Business and shopping, Norwich - Entertainment, Norwich - Sport, Norwich - Perception, Norwich - Geography, Norwich - Infrastructure, Norwich - Travellers' comments, Norwich - Famous names associated with City, Norwich - Contemporary names associated with Norwich, Norwich - Architecture, Norwich - Twinned Cities

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In 1507 the poet John Skelton (1460-1529) wrote of two destructive fires in his Lament for the City of Norwich. All life is brief, and frail all man's estate. City, farewell: I mourn thy cruel fate. Thomas Fuller in his The Worthies of England described the City in 1662 as - Either a city in an orchard or an orchard in a city, so equally are houses and trees blended in it, so that the pleasure of the country and the populousness of the city meet here together. Yet ...

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Norwich, Norwich - History, Norwich - Roman, Norwich - Early English/Norman Conquest, Norwich - Middle Ages, Norwich - English Civil Wars to Victorian Era, Norwich - Present-day, Norwich - Culture, Norwich - Business and shopping, Norwich - Entertainment, Norwich - Sport, Norwich - Perception, Norwich - Geography, Norwich - Infrastructure, Norwich - Travellers' comments, Norwich - Famous names associated with City, Norwich - Contemporary names associated with Norwich, Norwich - Architecture, Norwich - Twinned Cities

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Newcastle upon Tyne - Christianity. Newcastle has two cathedrals, the Anglican St. Nicholas and the Roman Catholic St. Mary's. Cardinal Basil Hume was born in the city in 1923. Newcastle is home to one of the largest Anglican churches in the country, Jesmond Parish Church. Newcastle upon Tyne - Judaism. No records exist of Jews being resident in Newcastle before 1830 although there is a tradition that the community dates from 1775. It is thought, however, that over 500 y ...

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Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne - History and development, Newcastle upon Tyne - Architecture and urban development, Newcastle upon Tyne - Transport and infrastructure, Newcastle upon Tyne - Air, Newcastle upon Tyne - Rail, Newcastle upon Tyne - Road, Newcastle upon Tyne - Sea, Newcastle upon Tyne - Bus, Newcastle upon Tyne - Sport, Newcastle upon Tyne - Education, Newcastle upon Tyne - Entertainment, Newcastle upon Tyne - Bars and clubs, Newcastle upon Tyne - Theatre, Newcastle upon Tyne - Music, Newcastle upon Tyne - Shopping, Newcastle upon Tyne - Outdoor pursuits, Newcastle upon Tyne - Religion, Newcastle upon Tyne - Christianity, Newcastle upon Tyne - Judaism, Newcastle upon Tyne - Media, Newcastle upon Tyne - Broadcast, Newcastle upon Tyne - Print, Newcastle upon Tyne - Gay community, Newcastle upon Tyne - List of people from Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne - Born in Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne - Residents past and present, Newcastle upon Tyne - Twin Cities, Newcastle upon Tyne - Museums & Places of Interest, Newcastle upon Tyne - In Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne - In the surrounding area

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Newcastle upon Tyne - Bars and clubs. Newcastle has a reputation of being a fun-loving city with many bars, restaurants and night clubs. It consistently features in lists of the top ten party cities in the world. Recently, Newcastle has become popular as a destination for Stag and Hen parties. The majority of clubs in Newcastle are located in three main areas. The oldest of these is the Bigg Market a favourite haunt for the more indigenous of the locals, followed by the trendy Quayside area, a spectacular ...

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Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne - History and development, Newcastle upon Tyne - Architecture and urban development, Newcastle upon Tyne - Transport and infrastructure, Newcastle upon Tyne - Air, Newcastle upon Tyne - Rail, Newcastle upon Tyne - Road, Newcastle upon Tyne - Sea, Newcastle upon Tyne - Bus, Newcastle upon Tyne - Sport, Newcastle upon Tyne - Education, Newcastle upon Tyne - Entertainment, Newcastle upon Tyne - Bars and clubs, Newcastle upon Tyne - Theatre, Newcastle upon Tyne - Music,