Miss Martineau edited a volume of Letters on the Laws of Man's Nature and Development, published in March 1851. Its form is that of a correspondence between herself and the garrulous self-styled scientist Henry G. Atkinson, and it expounds that doctrine of philosophical atheism to which Miss Martineau in Eastern Life had depicted the course of human belief as tending. The existence of a first cause is not denied, but is declared unknowable, and the authors, while regarded by others as denying it, certainly considered themselves ...

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Harriet Martineau, Harriet Martineau - Early life, Harriet Martineau - London and the United States, Harriet Martineau - Ambleside, Harriet Martineau - Mesmerism

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Harriet Martineau, Harriet Martineau - Early life, Harriet Martineau - London and the United States, Harriet Martineau - Ambleside, Harriet Martineau - Mesmerism

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Martineau was born in Norwich, where her father was a manufacturer. The family was of Huguenot extraction (see James Martineau) and professed Unitarian views. The atmosphere of her home was industrious, intellectual and austere; she herself was clever, but weakly and unhappy; she had no sense of taste or smell, and moreover early grew deaf, having to use an ear trumpet. At the age of fifteen the state of her health and nerves led to a prolonged visit to her father's sister, Mrs Kentish, who kept a school at Bristol. Here, in the companionshi ...

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Harriet Martineau, Harriet Martineau - Early life, Harriet Martineau - London and the United States, Harriet Martineau - Ambleside, Harriet Martineau - Mesmerism

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In 1832 she moved to London, where she numbered among her acquaintances Henry Hallam, Henry Hart Milman, Thomas Malthus, Monckton Milnes, Sydney Smith, Edward George Bulwer-Lytton, and later Thomas Carlyle. Until 1834 she continued to be occupied with her political economy series and with a supplemental series of Illustrations of Taxation. Four stories supporting the Whig Poor Law reforms came out about the same time. These tales, direct, lucid, written without any appearance of effort, and yet practically effective, display the characterist ...

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Harriet Martineau, Harriet Martineau - Early life, Harriet Martineau - London and the United States, Harriet Martineau - Ambleside, Harriet Martineau - Mesmerism

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Francis Fukuyama (United States, 1952- ) Fukuyama is best known as the author of the controversial book The End of History and the Last Man, in which he argues that the progression of human history as a struggle between ideologies is largely at an end, with the world settling on liberal democracy after the end of the Cold War. However, Fukuyama is not a liberal but a (neo)conservative, even called a bio-Luddite or bioconservative. Some literature: The End of History and the Last Man, 1 ...

See also:

Contributions to liberal theory, Contributions to liberal theory - Niccolò Machiavelli, Contributions to liberal theory - Desiderius Erasmus, Contributions to liberal theory - Hugo Grotius, Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Hobbes, Contributions to liberal theory - Baruch Spinoza, Contributions to liberal theory - John Locke, Contributions to liberal theory - John Trenchard, Contributions to liberal theory - Charles de Montesquieu, Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Gordon, Contributions to liberal theory - François Quesnay, Contributions to liberal theory - Voltaire, Contributions to liberal theory - Benjamin Franklin, Contributions to liberal theory - David Hume, Contributions to liberal theory - Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Contributions to liberal theory - Denis Diderot, Contributions to liberal theory - Jean le Rond d'Alembert, Contributions to liberal theory - Samuel Adams, Contributions to liberal theory - Richard Price, Contributions to liberal theory - Anders Chydenius, Contributions to liberal theory - Adam Smith, Contributions to liberal theory - William Blackstone, Contributions to liberal theory - Immanuel Kant, Contributions to liberal theory - Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Contributions to liberal theory - Edmund Burke, Contributions to liberal theory - Joseph Priestley, Contributions to liberal theory - August Ludwig von Schlözer, Contributions to liberal theory - Patrick Henry, Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Paine, Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Jefferson, Contributions to liberal theory - Marquis de Condorcet, Contributions to liberal theory - Jeremy Bentham, Contributions to liberal theory - Emmanuel Sieyès, Contributions to liberal theory - James Madison, Contributions to liberal theory - Alexander Hamilton, Contributions to liberal theory - Anne Louise Germaine de Staël, Contributions to liberal theory - Benjamin Constant, Contributions to liberal theory - Jean-Baptiste Say, Contributions to liberal theory - Wilhelm von Humboldt, Contributions to liberal theory - David Ricardo, Contributions to liberal theory - James Mill, Contributions to liberal theory - Friedrich List, Contributions to liberal theory - Johan Rudolf Thorbecke, Contributions to liberal theory - Frédéric Bastiat, Contributions to liberal theory - Harriet Martineau, Contributions to liberal theory - Ralph Waldo Emerson, Contributions to liberal theory - Alexis de Tocqueville, Contributions to liberal theory - William Lloyd Garrison, Contributions to liberal theory - John Stuart Mill, Contributions to liberal theory - Abraham Lincoln, Contributions to liberal theory - Juan Bautista Alberdi, Contributions to liberal theory - Henry David Thoreau, Contributions to liberal theory - Jakob Burkhardt, Contributions to liberal theory - Herbert Spencer, Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Hill Green, Contributions to liberal theory - Carl Menger, Contributions to liberal theory - William Graham Sumner, Contributions to liberal theory - Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., Contributions to liberal theory - Lujo Brentano, Contributions to liberal theory - Tomás Masaryk, Contributions to liberal theory - Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, Contributions to liberal theory - Louis Brandeis, Contributions to liberal theory - Thorstein Veblen, Contributions to liberal theory - John Dewey, Contributions to liberal theory - Friedrich Naumann, Contributions to liberal theory - Max Weber, Contributions to liberal theory - Leonard Hobhouse, Contributions to liberal theory - Benedetto Croce, Contributions to liberal theory - Walther Rathenau, Contributions to liberal theory - William Beveridge, Contributions to liberal theory - Ludwig von Mises, Contributions to liberal theory - John Maynard Keynes, Contributions to liberal theory - José Ortega y Gasset, Contributions to liberal theory - Salvador de Madariaga, Contributions to liberal theory - Upton Sinclair, Contributions to liberal theory - Will Durant, Contributions to liberal theory - Adolf Berle, Contributions to liberal theory - Wilhelm Röpke, Contributions to liberal theory - Bertil Ohlin, Contributions to liberal theory - Friedrich Hayek, Contributions to liberal theory - Karl Popper, Contributions to liberal theory - Alan Paton, Contributions to liberal theory - John Hicks, Contributions to liberal theory - Raymond Aron, Contributions to liberal theory - Simone de Beauvoir, Contributions to liberal theory - John Kenneth Galbraith, Contributions to liberal theory - Isaiah Berlin, Contributions to liberal theory - Milton Friedman, Contributions to liberal theory - Arthur Schlesinger Jr., Contributions to liberal theory - James Buchanan, Contributions to liberal theory - John Rawls, Contributions to liberal theory - Murray Newton Rothbard, Contributions to liberal theory - Gore Vidal, Contributions to liberal theory - Noam Chomsky, Contributions to liberal theory - Ralf Dahrendorf, Contributions to liberal theory - Karl-Hermann Flach, Contributions to liberal theory - Joseph Raz, Contributions to liberal theory - Ronald Dworkin, Contributions to liberal theory - Richard Rorty, Contributions to liberal theory - Amartya Sen, Contributions to liberal theory - Robert Nozick, Contributions to liberal theory - Hernando de Soto, Contributions to liberal theory - Bruce Ackerman, Contributions to liberal theory - Joseph Stiglitz, Contributions to liberal theory - Martha Nussbaum, Contributions to liberal theory - Francis Fukuyama, Contributions to liberal theory - Dirk Verhofstadt, Contributions to liberal theory - Will Kymlicka

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Niccolò Machiavelli (Florence, 1469-1527), best known for his Il Principe was the founder of realist political philosophy, advocated republican government, citizen armies, division of power, protection of personal property, and restraint of government expenditure as being necessary to the liberties of a republic. He wrote extensively on the need for individual initiative - virtu - as an essential characteristic of stable government. He argued that liberty was the central good which government should protect, and that "g ...

See also:

Contributions to liberal theory, Contributions to liberal theory - Niccolò Machiavelli, Contributions to liberal theory - Desiderius Erasmus, Contributions to liberal theory - Hugo Grotius, Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Hobbes, Contributions to liberal theory - Baruch Spinoza, Contributions to liberal theory - John Locke, Contributions to liberal theory - John Trenchard, Contributions to liberal theory - Charles de Montesquieu, Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Gordon, Contributions to liberal theory - François Quesnay, Contributions to liberal theory - Voltaire, Contributions to liberal theory - Benjamin Franklin, Contributions to liberal theory - David Hume, Contributions to liberal theory - Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Contributions to liberal theory - Denis Diderot, Contributions to liberal theory - Jean le Rond d'Alembert, Contributions to liberal theory - Samuel Adams, Contributions to liberal theory - Richard Price, Contributions to liberal theory - Anders Chydenius, Contributions to liberal theory - Adam Smith, Contributions to liberal theory - William Blackstone, Contributions to liberal theory - Immanuel Kant, Contributions to liberal theory - Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Contributions to liberal theory - Edmund Burke, Contributions to liberal theory - Joseph Priestley, Contributions to liberal theory - August Ludwig von Schlözer, Contributions to liberal theory - Patrick Henry, Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Paine, Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Jefferson, Contributions to liberal theory - Marquis de Condorcet, Contributions to liberal theory - Jeremy Bentham, Contributions to liberal theory - Emmanuel Sieyès, Contributions to liberal theory - James Madison, Contributions to liberal theory - Alexander Hamilton, Contributions to liberal theory - Anne Louise Germaine de Staël, Contributions to liberal theory - Benjamin Constant, Contributions to liberal theory - Jean-Baptiste Say, Contributions to liberal theory - Wilhelm von Humboldt, Contributions to liberal theory - David Ricardo, Contributions to liberal theory - James Mill, Contributions to liberal theory - Friedrich List, Contributions to liberal theory - Johan Rudolf Thorbecke, Contributions to liberal theory - Frédéric Bastiat, Contributions to liberal theory - Harriet Martineau, Contributions to liberal theory - Ralph Waldo Emerson, Contributions to liberal theory - Alexis de Tocqueville, Contributions to liberal theory - William Lloyd Garrison, Contributions to liberal theory - John Stuart Mill, Contributions to liberal theory - Abraham Lincoln, Contributions to liberal theory - Juan Bautista Alberdi, Contributions to liberal theory - Henry David Thoreau, Contributions to liberal theory - Jakob Burkhardt, Contributions to liberal theory - Herbert Spencer, Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Hill Green, Contributions to liberal theory - Carl Menger, Contributions to liberal theory - William Graham Sumner, Contributions to liberal theory - Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., Contributions to liberal theory - Lujo Brentano, Contributions to liberal theory - Tomás Masaryk, Contributions to liberal theory - Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, Contributions to liberal theory - Louis Brandeis, Contributions to liberal theory - Thorstein Veblen, Contributions to liberal theory - John Dewey, Contributions to liberal theory - Friedrich Naumann, Contributions to liberal theory - Max Weber, Contributions to liberal theory - Leonard Hobhouse, Contributions to liberal theory - Benedetto Croce, Contributions to liberal theory - Walther Rathenau, Contributions to liberal theory - William Beveridge, Contributions to liberal theory - Ludwig von Mises, Contributions to liberal theory - John Maynard Keynes, Contributions to liberal theory - José Ortega y Gasset, Contributions to liberal theory - Salvador de Madariaga, Contributions to liberal theory - Upton Sinclair, Contributions to liberal theory - Will Durant, Contributions to liberal theory - Adolf Berle, Contributions to liberal theory - Wilhelm Röpke, Contributions to liberal theory - Bertil Ohlin, Contributions to liberal theory - Friedrich Hayek, Contributions to liberal theory - Karl Popper, Contributions to liberal theory - Alan Paton, Contributions to liberal theory - John Hicks, Contributions to liberal theory - Raymond Aron, Contributions to liberal theory - Simone de Beauvoir, Contributions to liberal theory - John Kenneth Galbraith, Contributions to liberal theory - Isaiah Berlin, Contributions to liberal theory - Milton Friedman, Contributions to liberal theory - Arthur Schlesinger Jr., Contributions to liberal theory - James Buchanan, Contributions to liberal theory - John Rawls, Contributions to liberal theory - Murray Newton Rothbard, Contributions to liberal theory - Gore Vidal, Contributions to liberal theory - Noam Chomsky, Contributions to liberal theory - Ralf Dahrendorf, Contributions to liberal theory - Karl-Hermann Flach, Contributions to liberal theory - Joseph Raz, Contributions to liberal theory - Ronald Dworkin, Contributions to liberal theory - Richard Rorty, Contributions to liberal theory - Amartya Sen, Contributions to liberal theory - Robert Nozick, Contributions to liberal theory - Hernando de Soto, Contributions to liberal theory - Bruce Ackerman, Contributions to liberal theory - Joseph Stiglitz, Contributions to liberal theory - Martha Nussbaum, Contributions to liberal theory - Francis Fukuyama, Contributions to liberal theory - Dirk Verhofstadt, Contributions to liberal theory - Will Kymlicka

Read more here: » Contributions to liberal theory: Encyclopedia II - Contributions to liberal theory - Niccolò Machiavelli

This is an (partial) overview of individuals that contributed to the development of liberal theory on a worldwide scale and therefore are strongly associated with the liberal tradition and instrumental in the exposition of political liberalism as a philosophy. The contributors are listed in approximately chronological order, beginning from the roots of realism, rationalism and humanism in the Renaissance, all movements which were influential in the creation of what is thought of as liberal political theory. These include Desiderius Erasmus, ...

Including:

Contributions to liberal theory - Niccolò Machiavelli Contributions to liberal theory - Desiderius Erasmus Contributions to liberal theory - Hugo Grotius Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Hobbes Contributions to liberal theory - Baruch Spinoza Contributions to liberal theory - John Locke Contributions to liberal theory - John Trenchard Contributions to liberal theory - Charles de Montesquieu Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Gordon Contributions to liberal theory - François Quesnay Contributions to liberal theory - Voltaire Contributions to liberal theory - Benjamin Franklin Contributions to liberal theory - David Hume Contributions to liberal theory - Jean-Jacques Rousseau Contributions to liberal theory - Denis Diderot Contributions to liberal theory - Jean le Rond d'Alembert Contributions to liberal theory - Samuel Adams Contributions to liberal theory - Richard Price Contributions to liberal theory - Anders Chydenius Contributions to liberal theory - Adam Smith Contributions to liberal theory - William Blackstone Contributions to liberal theory - Immanuel Kant Contributions to liberal theory - Anne Robert Jacques Turgot Contributions to liberal theory - Edmund Burke Contributions to liberal theory - Joseph Priestley Contributions to liberal theory - August Ludwig von Schlözer Contributions to liberal theory - Patrick Henry Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Paine Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Jefferson Contributions to liberal theory - Marquis de Condorcet Contributions to liberal theory - Jeremy Bentham Contributions to liberal theory - Emmanuel Sieyès Contributions to liberal theory - James Madison Contributions to liberal theory - Alexander Hamilton Contributions to liberal theory - Anne Louise Germaine de Staël Contributions to liberal theory - Benjamin Constant Contributions to liberal theory - Jean-Baptiste Say Contributions to liberal theory - Wilhelm von Humboldt Contributions to liberal theory - David Ricardo Contributions to liberal theory - James Mill Contributions to liberal theory - Friedrich List Contributions to liberal theory - Johan Rudolf Thorbecke Contributions to liberal theory - Frédéric Bastiat Contributions to liberal theory - Harriet Martineau Contributions to liberal theory - Ralph Waldo Emerson Contributions to liberal theory - Alexis de Tocqueville Contributions to liberal theory - William Lloyd Garrison Contributions to liberal theory - John Stuart Mill Contributions to liberal theory - Abraham Lincoln Contributions to liberal theory - Juan Bautista Alberdi Contributions to liberal theory - Henry David Thoreau Contributions to liberal theory - Jakob Burkhardt Contributions to liberal theory - Herbert Spencer Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Hill Green Contributions to liberal theory - Carl Menger Contributions to liberal theory - William Graham Sumner Contributions to liberal theory - Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. Contributions to liberal theory - Lujo Brentano Contributions to liberal theory - Tomás Masaryk Contributions to liberal theory - Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk Contributions to liberal theory - Louis Brandeis Contributions to liberal theory - Thorstein Veblen Contributions to liberal theory - John Dewey Contributions to liberal theory - Friedrich Naumann Contributions to liberal theory - Max Weber Contributions to liberal theory - Leonard Hobhouse Contributions to liberal theory - Benedetto Croce Contributions to liberal theory - Walther Rathenau Contributions to liberal theory - William Beveridge Contributions to liberal theory - Ludwig von Mises Contributions to liberal theory - John Maynard Keynes Contributions to liberal theory - José Ortega y Gasset Contributions to liberal theory - Salvador de Madariaga Contributions to liberal theory - Upton Sinclair Contributions to liberal theory - Will Durant Contributions to liberal theory - Adolf Berle Contributions to liberal theory - Wilhelm Röpke Contributions to liberal theory - Bertil Ohlin Contributions to liberal theory - Friedrich Hayek Contributions to liberal theory - Karl Popper Contributions to liberal theory - Alan Paton Contributions to liberal theory - John Hicks Contributions to liberal theory - Raymond Aron Contributions to liberal theory - Simone de Beauvoir Contributions to liberal theory - John Kenneth Galbraith Contributions to liberal theory - Isaiah Berlin Contributions to liberal theory - Milton Friedman Contributions to liberal theory - Arthur Schlesinger Jr. Contributions to liberal theory - James Buchanan Contributions to liberal theory - John Rawls Contributions to liberal theory - Murray Newton Rothbard Contributions to liberal theory - Gore Vidal Contributions to liberal theory - Noam Chomsky Contributions to liberal theory - Ralf Dahrendorf Contributions to liberal theory - Karl-Hermann Flach Contributions to liberal theory - Joseph Raz Contributions to liberal theory - Ronald Dworkin Contributions to liberal theory - Richard Rorty Contributions to liberal theory - Amartya Sen Contributions to liberal theory - Robert Nozick Contributions to liberal theory - Hernando de Soto Contributions to liberal theory - Bruce Ackerman Contributions to liberal theory - Joseph Stiglitz Contributions to liberal theory - Martha Nussbaum Contributions to liberal theory - Francis Fukuyama Contributions to liberal theory - Dirk Verhofstadt Contributions to liberal theory - Will Kymlicka

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The Westminster Review was founded in 1823 by Jeremy Bentham and James Mill as a journal for philosophical radicals, and was published from 1824 to 1914. In 1851 the journal was acquired by John Chapman based at 142 the Strand, London, a publisher who originally had medical training. The then unknown Mary Ann Evans, later better known by her pen name of George Eliot, had brought together his authors, including Francis Newman, W. R. Greg, Harriet Martineau and the young journalist Herbert Spencer who had been working and living ...

Including:

Westminster Review - Notable contributors

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Baruch Spinoza (Netherlands, 1632-1677) is in his Tractatus Theologico-Politicus and Tractatus Politicus a proto-liberal defending the value of separation of church and state as well as forms of democracy. In the first mentioned book, Spinoza expresses an early criticism of religious intolerance and a defense of secular government. Spinoza was a thoroughgoing determinist who held that absolutely everything that happens occurs through the operation of necessity. For him, even human behaviour is fully determined, freedom b ...

See also:

Contributions to liberal theory, Contributions to liberal theory - Niccolò Machiavelli, Contributions to liberal theory - Desiderius Erasmus, Contributions to liberal theory - Hugo Grotius, Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Hobbes, Contributions to liberal theory - Baruch Spinoza, Contributions to liberal theory - John Locke, Contributions to liberal theory - John Trenchard, Contributions to liberal theory - Charles de Montesquieu, Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Gordon, Contributions to liberal theory - François Quesnay, Contributions to liberal theory - Voltaire, Contributions to liberal theory - Benjamin Franklin, Contributions to liberal theory - David Hume, Contributions to liberal theory - Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Contributions to liberal theory - Denis Diderot, Contributions to liberal theory - Jean le Rond d'Alembert, Contributions to liberal theory - Samuel Adams, Contributions to liberal theory - Richard Price, Contributions to liberal theory - Anders Chydenius, Contributions to liberal theory - Adam Smith, Contributions to liberal theory - William Blackstone, Contributions to liberal theory - Immanuel Kant, Contributions to liberal theory - Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Contributions to liberal theory - Edmund Burke, Contributions to liberal theory - Joseph Priestley, Contributions to liberal theory - August Ludwig von Schlözer, Contributions to liberal theory - Patrick Henry, Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Paine, Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Jefferson, Contributions to liberal theory - Marquis de Condorcet,