hard disk

1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 1956 - Events. January 1 - End of Anglo-Egyptian Codominium in Sudan. January 16 - President Gamal Abdal Nasser of Egypt vows to reconquer Palestine. January 26 - 1956 Winter Olympic Games open in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. January 26 - The United Kingdom bans heroin. January 25-January 26 - Finnish troops reoccupy Porkkala after Soviet troops vacate its military base. Civilian ...

Including:

• 1956 - Events
• 1956 - February
• 1956 - March
• 1956 - April
• 1956 - May
• 1956 - June
• 1956 - July
• 1956 - August
• 1956 - September
• 1956 - October
• 1956 - November
• 1956 - December
• 1956 - Unknown date
• 1956 - Births
• 1956 - January
• 1956 - February
• 1956 - March
• 1956 - April
• 1956 - May
• 1956 - June
• 1956 - July
• 1956 - August
• 1956 - September
• 1956 - October
• 1956 - November
• 1956 - December
• 1956 - Deaths
• 1956 - January
• 1956 - February
• 1956 - March
• 1956 - April
• 1956 - May
• 1956 - June
• 1956 - July
• 1956 - August
• 1956 - September
• 1956 - October
• 1956 - November
• 1956 - December
• 1956 - Unknown dates
• 1956 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1956: Encyclopedia - 1956

An application typically crashes when it performs an operation which is not allowed by the operating system. The operating system then shuts down the application. Typical errors that result in application crashes include: attempting to read or write memory that is not allocated for reading or writing by that application (general protection fault) attempting to execute privileged or invalid instructions unforeseen circumstances or poor code writing that results in the program executing an endless l ...

See also:

Crash computing, Crash computing - Etymology, Crash computing - Application crashes, Crash computing - Website Crashes, Crash computing - Operating system crashes

Read more here: » Crash computing: Encyclopedia II - Crash computing - Application crashes

Computer files can be divided into two broad categories: binary and text. Text files are files which contain ordinary textual characters with essentially no formatting; binary files are all other files. Or, rather, text files are a special case of binary files, since any file is fundamentally a sequence of bits, and many computer components (for example, all hard disk circuitry and most system software) make no distinction between file types. However, a large percentage of application programs can understand and use text files ...

Including:

• Binary and text files - Text files
• Binary and text files - Binary files
• Binary and text files - Related Links

Read more here: » Binary and text files: Encyclopedia - Binary and text files

Blu-ray Disc (BD) is a next-generation optical disc format meant for storage of high-definition video and high-density data. The Blu-ray standard was jointly developed by a group of consumer electronics and PC companies called the Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA). As compared to the HD DVD format, its main competitor, Blu-ray has more information capacity per layer, 25 instead of 15 gigabyt ...

Including:

• Blu-ray Disc - Variations and sizes
• Blu-ray Disc - Technology
• Blu-ray Disc - Laser and optics
• Blu-ray Disc - Hard-coating technology
• Blu-ray Disc - Codecs
• Blu-ray Disc - Java Software Support
• Blu-ray Disc - Compatibility
• Blu-ray Disc - Region codes
• Blu-ray Disc - Digital Rights Management
• Blu-ray Disc - Applications
• Blu-ray Disc - Stand-alone recorders and games consoles
• Blu-ray Disc - PC data storage
• Blu-ray Disc - Corporate support
• Blu-ray Disc - Complete List of Announced BD Launch Releases
• Blu-ray Disc - Alternatives
• Blu-ray Disc - Trivia

Read more here: » Blu-ray Disc: Encyclopedia - Blu-ray Disc

The boot sector is a region (typically the first 512 bytes) of a hard disk, floppy disk, or similar data storage device, or a partition thereof. Each partition has a boot sector, while the entire disk drive has a master boot record. It is normally the latter to which the term refers, but computers configured to boot multiple operating systems may use the former as well. The boot sector is loaded to memory and executed as a part of the bootstrap sequence. The boot sector often contains a small computer program that loads the operati ...

Read more here: » Boot sector: Encyclopedia - Boot sector

Bubble memory is a type of computer memory that uses a thin film of a magnetic material to hold small magnetized areas, known as bubbles, which each store one bit of data. Bubble memory was a very promising technology in the 1970s, but flopped commercially when hard disks proliferated in the 1980s. Bubble memory - Prehistory: Twistor memory. Bubble memory is largely the brainchild of a single person, Andrew Bobeck. Bobeck had worked on all sorts of magnetics related projects through the 1960s, and tw ...

Including:

• Bubble memory - Prehistory: Twistor memory
• Bubble memory - Magnetic bubbles
• Bubble memory - Features and applications

Read more here: » Bubble memory: Encyclopedia - Bubble memory

In computing, a benchmark is the result of running a computer program, or a set of programs, in order to assess the relative performance of an object, by running a number of standard tests and trials against it. The term, benchmark, is also commonly used for specially-designed benchmarking programs themselves. Benchmarking is usually associated with assessing performance characteristics of computer hardware, for example, the floating point operation performance of a ...

Including:

• Benchmark computing - Purpose
• Benchmark computing - Challenges
• Benchmark computing - Types of benchmarks
• Benchmark computing - Common benchmarks
• Benchmark computing - Open source benchmarks
• Benchmark computing - windows benchmarks

Read more here: » Benchmark computing: Encyclopedia - Benchmark computing

Methods and media for sound recording are varied and have undergone significant changes between the first time sound was actually recorded for later playback until now. Sound recording - Technology. Sound recording - Mechanical recording. The first devices for recording sound were mechanical in nature. In 1796 a Swiss watchmaker named Antoine Favre described his idea for what we now call the cylinder musical box. This can be considered an early method of recording a melod ...

Including:

• Sound recording - Technology
• Sound recording - Mechanical recording
• Sound recording - Magnetic recording
• Sound recording - Recording on film
• Sound recording - Digital recording
• Sound recording - Technique
• Sound recording - Source

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The Amiga CD32 was the first 32-bit CD-ROM based game console. It was launched at the Science Museum in London, United Kingdom on 16 July 1993. The CD32 was based on Commodore's Amiga A1200 computer. It was essentially an A1200 without a keyboard, floppy drive, mouse, or monitor, that was housed in a different enclosure. Amiga CD32 - Technical specifications. Motorola 68020 (68EC020RC16) at 14.3 MHz 2MB Chip RAM 1MB ROM with Kickstart ROM 3.1 and integrated cdfs.filesystem 1 ...

Including:

• Amiga CD32 - Technical specifications
• Amiga CD32 - Software
• Amiga CD32 - Uses of the CD32

Read more here: » Amiga CD32: Encyclopedia - Amiga CD32

Anti-virus software consists of computer programs that attempt to identify, thwart and eliminate computer viruses and other malicious software (malware). Anti-virus software typically uses two different techniques to accomplish this: Examining (scanning) files to look for known viruses matching definitions in a virus dictionary Identifying suspicious behavior from any computer program which might indicate infection. Such analysis may include data captures, port monitoring and other methods. Most commercial anti-virus software uses both of these appr ...

Including:

• Anti-virus software - Approaches to virus detection
• Anti-virus software - Virus dictionary approach
• Anti-virus software - Suspicious behavior approach
• Anti-virus software - Other ways to detect viruses
• Anti-virus software - Issues of concern
• Anti-virus software - List of antivirus software and companies
• Anti-virus software - For corporate market
• Anti-virus software - Commercial and shareware
• Anti-virus software - Freeware
• Anti-virus software - GPL software
• Anti-virus software - Unclassified
• Anti-virus software - Testing Organizations

Read more here: » Anti-virus software: Encyclopedia - Anti-virus software

For the album, see Sound Affects. Sound effects or audio effects are artificially created or enhanced sounds, or sound processes used to emphasize artistic or other content of movies, video games, music, or other media. In motion picture and television production, a sound effect is a sound recorded and presented to make a specific storytelling or creative point without the use of dialogue or music. The term often refers to a process applied to a recording, without necessarily referring to the recordi ...

Including:

• Sound effect - History
• Sound effect - In film
• Sound effect - In video games
• Sound effect - Recording effects
• Sound effect - Processing effects
• Sound effect - Aesthetics in film
• Sound effect - Techniques

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The Microsoft Xbox is a sixth generation era video game console first released on November 15, 2001 in North America, then released on February 22, 2002 in Japan, and on March 14, 2002 in Europe. It was Microsoft's first independent venture into the console arena, after having developed the operating system and development tools for the MSX, and having collaborated with Sega in porting Windows CE to the Sega Dreamcast console. Notable launch titles for the console include Amped, Dead or Alive 3, Halo: Combat EvolvedIncluding:

• Xbox - History
• Xbox - Development
• Xbox - Software
• Xbox - Xbox Live
• Xbox - Market share
• Xbox - Hardware
• Xbox - Detailed specifications
• Xbox - Special Limited Editions
• Xbox - Official Xbox accessories
• Xbox - Audio/video connectors
• Xbox - Networking
• Xbox - Multimedia
• Xbox - Controllers and removable storage
• Xbox - Screenshots
• Xbox - Xbox and DirectX
• Xbox - Modding the Xbox
• Xbox - Price history
• Xbox - Xbox 360
• Xbox - Programming for Xbox

Read more here: » Xbox: Encyclopedia - Xbox

Backup in computer engineering refers to the copying of data for the purpose of having an additional copy of an original source. If the original data is damaged or lost, the data may be copied back from that source, a process which is known as Data recovery or Restore. The "data" in question may be either data as such, or stored program code, both of which are treated the same by the backup software. Backups differ from an archive in that the data is nec ...

Including:

• Backup - Backup strategies
• Backup - Backup media types
• Backup - Special cases
• Backup - Metrics
• Backup - Different roles of data backups
• Backup - Backup procedures
• Backup - Recovery strategy
• Backup - Validation and Verification

Read more here: » Backup: Encyclopedia - Backup

Computer hardware is the physical parts of a computer, as distinguished from the computer software or computer programs and data that operate within the hardware. The hardware of a computer is infrequently changed, in comparison with software and data which are "soft" in the sense that they are readily created, modified or erased on the computer. Firmware is special software that rarely, if ever, needs to be changed and so is stored on hardware devices such as read-only memory (ROM) where it is not readily ch ...

Including:

• Computer hardware - Personal computer hardware
• Computer hardware - Wiki links

Read more here: » Computer hardware: Encyclopedia - Computer hardware

The acronym DOS stands for disk operating system, an operating system component for computers that provides the abstraction of a file system resident on hard disk or floppy disk secondary storage. In some cases, the disk operating system was called DOS, and on the PC compatible platform, an entire family of operating systems was called DOS. DOS - DOS for IBM PC compatibles. In particular, DOS refers to the family of closely related operating systems which dominated the IBM PC compatible ...

Including:

• DOS - DOS for IBM PC compatibles
• DOS - Accessing hardware under DOS
• DOS - DOS and other PC operating systems
• DOS - Reserved device names under DOS
• DOS - Drive naming scheme
• DOS - DOS for other computers

Read more here: » DOS: Encyclopedia - DOS

'Digital Video (DV)' is a video format launched in 1996, and, in its smaller tape form factor MiniDV, has since become one of the standards for consumer and semiprofessional video production. The DV specification (originally known as the Blue Book, current official name IEC 61834) defines both the codec and the tape format. Features include intraframe compression for uncomplicated editing, a standard interface for transfer to non-linear editing systems (FireWire also known as IEEE 1394), and good video qual ...

Including:

• DV - Technical standards
• DV - Before the compression
• DV - Video compression
• DV - Chroma subsampling
• DV - Audio
• DV - Connectivity
• DV - Physical format
• DV - MiniDV / DV
• DV - DVCAM
• DV - DVCPRO
• DV - Other variants

Read more here: » DV: Encyclopedia - DV

A database management system (DBMS) is a computer program (or more typically, a suite of them) designed to manage a database (a large set of structured data), and run operations on the data requested by numerous clients. Typical examples of DBMS use include accounting, human resources and customer support systems. Originally found only in large organizations with the computer hardware needed to support large data sets, DBMSs have more recen ...

Including:

• Database management system - Terminology
• Database management system - History
• Database management system - Navigational DBMS
• Database management system - Relational DBMS
• Database management system - SQL DBMS
• Database management system - Object-oriented DBMS
• Database management system - Description

Read more here: » Database management system: Encyclopedia - Database management system

To help compare different orders of magnitudes this page lists lengths between 10-9 m (metre) and 10-8 m (1 nm and 10 nm). Lengths shorter than 1 nm 1 nm = 1 nanometre = 1000 picometres = 10 Ångströms is roughly the length of a sucrose molecule, calculated by Albert Einstein. 1.1 nm — diameter of a single-walled carbon nanotube 2 nm — diameter of DNA helix 3 nm — flying height of the head of a hard ...

Read more here: » 1 E-9 m: Encyclopedia - 1 E-9 m

A crash in computing is a condition where a program (either an application or part of the operating system) stops performing its expected function and also stops responding to other parts of the system. Often the offending program may simply appear to freeze. If this program is a critical part of the operating system kernel the entire computer may crash (a system crash). Many crashes are the result of the execution of a single machine instruction, but the causes of this are manifold. Typical causes are when the program counter ...

Including:

• Crash computing - Etymology
• Crash computing - Application crashes
• Crash computing - Website Crashes
• Crash computing - Operating system crashes

Read more here: » Crash computing: Encyclopedia - Crash computing

Control Data Corporation, or CDC, was one of the pioneering supercomputer firms. For most of the 1960s they built the fastest computers in the world by far, only losing that crown in the 1970s to what was effectively a spinoff. CDC was one of the eight major computer companies through most of the 1960s; along with CDC these were IBM, Burroughs, NCR, General Electric, Honeywell, RCA, and UNIVAC. CDC was well known and highly regarded throughout the industry at one time, but today is largely forgotten. Control Data ...

Including:

• Control Data Corporation - Background origins: WWII–1957
• Control Data Corporation - Early designs; and Cray's big plan
• Control Data Corporation - The CDC 6600: defining supercomputing
• Control Data Corporation - The CDC 7600 and 8600
• Control Data Corporation - The STAR and the Cyber
• Control Data Corporation - ETA Systems hard disks oblivion

Read more here: » Control Data Corporation: Encyclopedia - Control Data Corporation