Hair is a filamentous outgrowth of the skin found only in mammals. In some species it is absent at certain stages of life. It projects from the epidermis, though it grows from follicles deep in the dermis. So-called "hairs" (trichomes) are also found on plants. The projections on insects and spiders are actually bristles. The hair of non-human species is commonly referred to as fur. There are varieties of cats, dogs, and mice bred to have little or no visible hair. Hair serves a number of different functions. It provides insula ...

Including:

• Hair - Human hair
• Hair - Structure
• Hair - Types of hair
• Hair - Hair change with aging
• Hair - Androgenic hair
• Hair - Other information

Read more here: » Hair: Encyclopedia - Hair

See also:

Hair, Hair - Human hair, Hair - Structure, Hair - Types of hair, Hair - Hair change with aging, Hair - Androgenic hair, Hair - Other information

Read more here: » Hair: Encyclopedia II - Hair - Structure

Typically, humans have the longest hair on the top of the head, with shorter hair on the eyelids and eyebrows. The axillary (armpit) hair and pubic hair serves as lubrication during rubbing. Sometimes, the term body hair is used, to distinguish it from hair on the head. Individual hairs alternate periods of growth and dormancy. During the growth portion of the cycle, hair follicles are long and bulbous, and the hair advances outward at about a third of a millimeter per day. After three to six months, body hair growth stops (the ...

See also:

Hair, Hair - Human hair, Hair - Structure, Hair - Types of hair, Hair - Hair change with aging, Hair - Androgenic hair, Hair - Other information

Read more here: » Hair: Encyclopedia II - Hair - Human hair

Cercus (plural cerci) is the scientific word for certain hair-like sensory structures on some types of insects. Other related archivesinsects

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Crinoline was originally a stiff fabric with a weft of horse-hair and a warp of cotton or linen thread. The fabric first appeared around 1830, but by 1850 the word had come to mean a stiffened petticoat or rigid skirt-shaped structure of steel designed to support the skirts of a woman’s dress into the required shape. Crinoline - Origin of the word. The name 'crinoline' was invented by one of the fabric's manufacturers, who combined the Latin words crinis (meaning hair) and linum (meaning fla ...

Including:

• Crinoline - Origin of the word
• Crinoline - The History of the Crinoline
• Crinoline - Problems with the crinoline
• Crinoline - The crinoline's decline
• Crinoline - The crinoline today

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A biomolecule is a chemical compound that naturally occurs in living organisms. Biomolecules consist primarily of carbon and hydrogen, along with nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur. Other elements sometimes are incorporated but these are much less common. Biomolecules are necessary for the existence of all known forms of life. For example, humans possess skin and hair. The main component of hair is keratin, an agglomeration of proteins which are themselves polymers built from amino acids. Amino acids are some of the most i ...

Including:

• Biomolecule - Types of biomolecules
• Biomolecule - Nucleosides and nucleotides
• Biomolecule - Saccharides
• Biomolecule - Lipids
• Biomolecule - Hormones
• Biomolecule - Amino acids
• Biomolecule - Protein structure
• Biomolecule - Metalloproteins
• Biomolecule - Vitamins

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Acne is an inflammatory disease of the skin, caused by changes in the pilosebaceous units (skin structures consisting of a hair follicle and its associated sebaceous gland). The condition is common in puberty as a result of an abnormal response to normal levels of the male hormone testosterone. The response for most people diminishes over time and acne thus tends to disappear, or at least decrease, after one reaches their early twenties. There is, however, no way to predict how long it will take for it to disappear entirely, an ...

Including:

• Acne - Symptoms
• Acne - Causes of acne
• Acne - Misconceptions about causes
• Acne - Treatments
• Acne - Available treatments
• Acne - Future treatments
• Acne - Preferred treatments by types of acne vulgaris
• Acne - Acne scars
• Acne - Similar conditions

Read more here: » Acne: Encyclopedia - Acne

Shampoo is a hair care product primarily used to remove the oils, dirt, skin particles and grime that gradually build-up in the hair. Shampoo - History. The word shampoo in English usage dates back to 1762, with the meaning "to massage". The word was a loan from Anglo-Indian shampoo, in turn from Hindi champo, imperative of champna, "to press, knead the muscles, massage". During the early stages of shampoo, English hairdressers boiled soap in soda water and added herbs to ...

Including:

• Shampoo - History
• Shampoo - Description
• Shampoo - Ingredients
• Shampoo - Detergents
• Shampoo - Dimethicone
• Shampoo - Additives Useless and Otherwise
• Shampoo - Specialized shampoos

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Since the 1980s, drug therapy has increasingly become a realistic management option for baldness for men and women, as increased understanding of the mechanisms of normal and pathologic hair growth has pointed the way to improved treatments. Scientifically proven baldness treatments continue to be an area of research that receives a large amount of funding. More than half of men are affected by male pattern baldness by age 50, and baldness treatment is estimated to be a US $1 billion per year industry.^Including:

• Baldness treatments - General concerns
• Baldness treatments - Propecia
• Baldness treatments - Possible health concerns
• Baldness treatments - Propecia's effects in detail
• Baldness treatments - Revivogen
• Baldness treatments - Antiandrogens
• Baldness treatments - Minoxidil
• Baldness treatments - Copper peptides
• Baldness treatments - Ketoconazole
• Baldness treatments - Diet and Lifestyle
• Baldness treatments - Others
• Baldness treatments - Hair transplant
• Baldness treatments - Hair multiplication future treatment

Read more here: » Baldness treatments: Encyclopedia - Baldness treatments

A comb is a device made of solid material, generally flat, always toothed, used in hair care for staightening and cleaning hair or other fibers. The etymology of the English word is ancient, going straight back to Indo-European roots meaning "tooth", "toothed", "to bite", and found in ancient Greek and Sanskrit. Combs are among the older tools known to mankind, having been found in very refined forms already in settlements dating back to 5000 years ago in Persia — possibly at the height o ...

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Cysteine is a naturally occurring hydrophobic amino acid which has a sulfhydryl group and is found in most proteins, though only in small quantities. When it is exposed to air it oxidizes to form cystine, which is two cysteine molecules joined by a disulfide bond. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is derived from cysteine and is a popular dietary supplement that is metabolized into the antioxidant glutathione. Cysteine - Biochemistry. Cysteine contains a highly nucleophilic thiol group, and one of its primar ...

Including:

• Cysteine - Biochemistry
• Cysteine - Dietary Sources
• Cysteine - Production
• Cysteine - Applications
• Cysteine - Sheep

Read more here: » Cysteine: Encyclopedia - Cysteine

Aquatic Insects live some portion of their life cycle in the water. They feed in the same ways as other Insects. Some diving insects, such as predaceous diving beetles, can hunt for food underwater where land-living insects cannot compete. One problem that aquatic insects must overcome is how to get oxygen while they are under water. All animals require a source of oxygen to live. Insects draw air into their bodies through spiracles, holes found along the sides of the abdomen. These spiracles are connected to tracheal tu ...

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Usher syndrome is a genetic disease causing deaf-blindness. It is essentially progressive retinitis pigmentosa combined with congenital hearing impairment. It is almost always inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and is estimated to occur in 1 in 10,000 people. Whilst this is a rare genetic condition, it represents the major cause of syndromic deafness with blindness. The condition gets its name from British ophthalmologist, C.H. Usher, who in 1914 wrote a paper describing several cases in which the link between conge ...

Including:

• Usher syndrome - Usher syndrome I
• Usher syndrome - Usher syndrome II
• Usher syndrome - Usher syndrome III

Read more here: » Usher syndrome: Encyclopedia - Usher syndrome

In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat (laminar) and thin, to expose the chloroplast containing cells (chlorenchyma tissue) to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate fully into the tissues. Leaves are also the sites in most plants where respiration, transpiration, and guttation take place. Leaves can store food and water, and are modified in some plants for other purposes. The comparable structures of ferns are correctl ...

Including:

• Leaf - Leaf anatomy
• Leaf - Epidermis
• Leaf - Mesophyll
• Leaf - Veins
• Leaf - Leaf morphology
• Leaf - Basic leaf types
• Leaf - Arrangement on the stem
• Leaf - Divisions of the lamina blade
• Leaf - Venation arrangement of the veins
• Leaf - Leaf terminology
• Leaf - Margins edge
• Leaf - Tip of the leaf
• Leaf - Base of the leaf
• Leaf - Surface of the leaf
• Leaf - Hairiness trichomes
• Leaf - Adaptations

Read more here: » Leaf: Encyclopedia - Leaf

In zootomy and dermatology, skin is an organ of the integumentary system composed of a layer of tissues that protect underlying muscles and organs. As the interface with the surroundings, it plays the most important role in protecting against pathogens. Its other main functions are insulation and temperature regulation, sensation and vitamin D and B synthesis. Skin has pigmentation, provided by melanocytes, which absorbs some of the potentially dangerous radiation in sunlight. It also contains DNA repair enzymes which reverse U ...

Including:

• Skin - Layers
• Skin - Types
• Skin - Functions
• Skin - Hygiene
• Skin - Aging and disease

Read more here: » Skin: Encyclopedia - Skin

The German Shepherd Dog is a large, strong, substantial-looking dog. The fur is a double-coat and can be either short or long haired. It varies in color, coming in many different shades, mostly cream (tan) and brown, but also solid black or white. Dogs with coats that have tricolored hair (that is, black and white and either brown or red) are called sable or agouti. Different kennel clubs have different standards for the breed according to size, weight, coat color and structure. See also:

German Shepherd Dog, German Shepherd Dog - Appearance, German Shepherd Dog - Common faults, German Shepherd Dog - Breed lines, German Shepherd Dog - Variant sizes and coats, German Shepherd Dog - Temperament, German Shepherd Dog - Temperament Differences Among Lines, German Shepherd Dog - Health, German Shepherd Dog - History, German Shepherd Dog - Working German Shepherd Dogs, German Shepherd Dog - Shepherding, German Shepherd Dog - Miscellaneous, German Shepherd Dog - Breed names, German Shepherd Dog - Breed Name History, German Shepherd Dog - Famous Shepherds

Read more here: » German Shepherd Dog: Encyclopedia II - German Shepherd Dog - Appearance

The German Shepherd Dog is a large, strong, handsome-looking dog. The fur is a double-coat and can be either short or long haired. It varies in color, coming in many different shades, mostly cream (tan) and brown, but also solid black or white. Dogs with coats that have tricolored hair (that is, black and white and either brown or red) are called sable or agouti. Different kennel clubs have different standards for the breed according to size, weight, coat color and structure.German Shepards are loving dogs they work great for families. See also:

German Shepherd Dog, German Shepherd Dog - Appearance, German Shepherd Dog - Common faults, German Shepherd Dog - Breed lines, German Shepherd Dog - Variant sizes and coats, German Shepherd Dog - Temperament, German Shepherd Dog - Temperament Differences Among Lines, German Shepherd Dog - Health, German Shepherd Dog - History, German Shepherd Dog - Working German Shepherd Dogs, German Shepherd Dog - Shepherding, German Shepherd Dog - Miscellaneous, German Shepherd Dog - Breed names, German Shepherd Dog - Famous Shepherds

Read more here: » German Shepherd Dog: Encyclopedia II - German Shepherd Dog - Appearance

Cells in the epidermis contain a structural matrix of keratin which makes this outermost layer of the skin almost waterproof, and along with collagen and elastin, gives skin its strength. Rubbing and pressure cause keratin to proliferate with the formation of protective calluses — useful for athletes and on the fingertips of musicians who play stringed instruments. Keratinized epidermal cells are constantly shed and replaced (see dandruff). In mammals there are soft epithelial keratins, the cytokeratins, and harder hair keratins. As ...

See also:

Keratin, Keratin - Keratin in the Kingdom Animalia, Keratin - Molecular biology and biochemistry

Read more here: » Keratin: Encyclopedia II - Keratin - Keratin in the Kingdom Animalia

The major components of the integumentary system are the cutaneous membrane (skin), and its accessory structures (hair, nails, exocrine glands). Cutaneous glands include: Sudoriferous glands - or sweat glands Sebaceous glands - oil-producing glands Ceruminous glands - glands of the ear canal that produce cerumen (earwax) Mammary glands - milk-producing glands located in the breasts ...

See also:

Integumentary system, Integumentary system - Components, Integumentary system - Sources

Read more here: » Integumentary system: Encyclopedia II - Integumentary system - Components

Water striders can stand effortlessly on water due to their non-wetting legs. Writing in Nature, biophysicists Xuefeng Gao and Lei Jiang show that the water resistance of the legs is due to the "special hierarchical structure of the legs, which are covered by large numbers of oriented tiny hairs (microsetae) with fine nanogrooves". They go on to demonstrate that this physical structure is more important than the chemical properties of the wax coating of the legs. Gao and Jiang calculate the maximal supporting force of a single leg to ...

See also:

Water strider, Water strider - Method of propulsion of a water strider, Water strider - Nature of the hydrophobic legs of a water strider

Read more here: » Water strider: Encyclopedia II - Water strider - Nature of the hydrophobic legs of a water strider