Hadhramaut

The Qu'aiti sultans ruled most of Hadramaut, under a loose British protectorate, the Aden Protectorate, from 1882 to 1967, when the Hadhramaut was annexed by South Yemen. The Qu'aiti dynasty was founded by 'Umar bin Awadh al-Qu’aiti, a Yafa’i tribesman from Southern Arabia, whose wealth and influence as hereditary Jemadar of the Nizam of Hyderabad’s armed forces enabled him to establish the Qu’aiti dynasty in the latter half of the 19th century, winning British recognition of his paramount status in the region, in 1882. ...

See also:

Hadhramaut, Hadhramaut - Modern history of the Wadi Hadhramaut

Read more here: » Hadhramaut: Encyclopedia II - Hadhramaut - Modern history of the Wadi Hadhramaut

History of Yemen. History of Yemen - Ancient history. Yemen was one of the oldest centers of civilization in the Near East. Its relatively fertile land and adequate rainfall in a moister climate helped sustain a stable population, a feature recognized by the ancient Greek geographer Ptolemy, who described Yemen as Eudaimon Arabia (better known in its Latin translation, Arabia Felix) meaning "fortunate Arabia." Between the 12th century BC and the 6th century AD, it was dominated by three ...

Including:

• History of Yemen - Ancient history
• History of Yemen - Persian period
• History of Yemen - Medieval history
• History of Yemen - Modern History
• History of Yemen - Former North Yemen
• History of Yemen - Former South Yemen
• History of Yemen - Republic of Yemen

Read more here: » History of Yemen: Encyclopedia - History of Yemen

Aden (Arabic: عدن [ʿAdan]) is a city in Yemen, 105 miles (170 kilometers) East of Bab-el-Mandeb. It is a natural port, built on an old volcanic peninsula and first used by the ancient Kingdom of Awsan between the 5th and 7th centuries BC. Aden has a population of about 590,000[1] and is located at 12.779444° N 45.03667° E. Aden consists of a number of small towns: the port city, the industrial city known as Little Aden with its large oil refinery, and Madinat ash-Sha'b, ...

Including:

• Aden - History
• Aden - British Rule
• Aden - Little Aden 1955 to 1967
• Aden - Federation of South Arabia and the Aden Emergency
• Aden - Independence

Read more here: » Aden: Encyclopedia - Aden

Dr. Christoph Marcinkowski (born May 21, 1964) is an award-winning German scholar in Islamic, Iranian, and Southeast Asian studies based in Singapore. He is also active as an editor and journalist. Dr Marcinkowski is the first scholar who has published a book studying the close diplomatic and cultural contacts between Safavid Iran and the kingdom of Ayutthaya (Siam, present-day Thailand) during the 17th century, with a special focus o ...

Including:

• Christoph Marcinkowski - Early Life and Education
• Christoph Marcinkowski - Academic Positions and Work Experience
• Christoph Marcinkowski - Awards and Recognitions
• Christoph Marcinkowski - Major Works Books
• Christoph Marcinkowski - Reviews of Dr Marcinkowski's Books by Other Scholars
• Christoph Marcinkowski - Articles by Dr Marcinkowski in Academic Journals

Read more here: » Christoph Marcinkowski: Encyclopedia - Christoph Marcinkowski

A wadi (Arabic وادي, pronounced "waadee") is a dry riverbed that contains water only during times of heavy rain. The term "Wadi" is very widely found in Arabic place names. Wadis tend to be associated with centers of human population because of the availability of sub-surface water. In English the term "Wadi" is sometimes used interchangeably with "oasis", which is correct linguistically, although many geographers and car ...

Including:

• Wadi - List of Wadis

Read more here: » Wadi: Encyclopedia - Wadi

Usāmah bin Muhammad bin `Awad bin Lādin (born March 10, 1957; Arabic: أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن), commonly known as Osama bin Laden, or Usama bin Laden, (Arabic: أسامة بن لادن), is the founder of the militant organization al-Qaeda. There is strong evidence linking Osama and al-Qaeda to several terrorist acts worldwide, most particularly the September 11, 2001 attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C., which ...

Including:

• Osama bin Laden - Background
• Osama bin Laden - Family and childhood
• Osama bin Laden - Turn towards extremism
• Osama bin Laden - Appearance and manner
• Osama bin Laden - Names
• Osama bin Laden - Whereabouts

Read more here: » Osama bin Laden: Encyclopedia - Osama bin Laden

The Republic of Yemen (Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية), composed of former North and South Yemen, is a country on the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia and is a part of the Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden on the south and the Red Sea on the west. It borders Oman to the northeast and Saudi Arabia elsewhere. Its territory includes the remote island of Socotra, about 350 km to the south off the coast of East Africa. Yemen - History. Main article: History of Yemen ...

Including:

• Yemen - History
• Yemen - Politics
• Yemen - Governorates
• Yemen - Geography
• Yemen - Economy
• Yemen - Foreign relations
• Yemen - Demographics
• Yemen - Languages
• Yemen - Culture
• Yemen - Holidays
• Yemen - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Yemen: Encyclopedia - Yemen

Culture in Johor is influenced by visitors and traders throughout history. The biggest influence would be the Javanese and the Arabs. The strong Arab influence is apparent in art performances like Zapin and Hamdolok, musical instruments like gambus. Other visible legacies in Johor Bahru are the names Wadi Hana and Wadi Hassan area populated by Arab community from Hadhramaut in the southeast of Yemen. Wadi means valley in Arabic. Johor - Clothing. Cekak Musang and Teluk Belanga are types ...

See also:

Johor, Johor - History of Johor, Johor - Notable history of Johor, Johor - Geography, Johor - Physical, Johor - Weather, Johor - Links to Singapore, Johor - Transportation hubs, Johor - Ports, Johor - Airports, Johor - Government structure of Johor, Johor - Monarchy, Johor - State government, Johor - Districts, Johor - State anthem, Johor - Education in Johor, Johor - Places of interest, Johor - Major tourist attraction, Johor - National park and forest reserves, Johor - Endau Rompin National Park, Johor - Gunung Ledang National Park, Johor - Tanjung Piai National Park, Johor - Pulau Kukup National Park, Johor - Mersing Marine Park, Johor - Gunung Pulai Recreational Forest, Johor - Gunung Arong Recreational Forest, Johor - Gunung Lambak Recreational Forests, Johor - Gunung Belumut Moss Mountain Recreational Forest, Johor - Gunung Panti Recreational Forests, Johor - Sungai Sedili Besar and Sungai Sedili Kecil Wetland Preservation, Johor - Sungai Lebam Wetland Preservation, Johor - Cultural heritage of Johor, Johor - Clothing, Johor - Zapin dance, Johor - Kuda Kepang, Johor - Legend of Badang, Johor - Legend of Malim Deman, Johor - Legend of Gunung Ledang, Johor - Awang's spear returned to Dayang, Johor - Hamdolok, Johor - Songs of Johor, Johor - Cuisine

Read more here: » Johor: Encyclopedia II - Johor - Cultural heritage of Johor

Yemen was one of the oldest centers of civilization in the Near East. Its relatively fertile land and adequate rainfall in a moister climate helped sustain a stable population, a feature recognized by the ancient Greek geographer Ptolemy, who described Yemen as Eudaimon Arabia (better known in its Latin translation, Arabia Felix) meaning "fortunate Arabia." Between the 12th century BC and the 6th century AD, it was dominated by three successive civilisations which controlled the lu ...

See also:

History of Yemen, History of Yemen - Ancient history, History of Yemen - Persian period, History of Yemen - Medieval history, History of Yemen - Modern History, History of Yemen - Former North Yemen, History of Yemen - Former South Yemen, History of Yemen - Republic of Yemen

Read more here: » History of Yemen: Encyclopedia II - History of Yemen - Ancient history

Main article: History of Yemen The port's convenient position on the sea route between India and Europe has made Aden desirable to rulers who sought to possess it at various times throughout history. Known as Arabian Eudaemon in the 1st century BC, it was a transshipping point for the Red Sea trade, but fell on hard times when new shipping practices by-passed it and made the daring direct crossing to India in the 1st century AD, according to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. See also:

Aden, Aden - History, Aden - British Rule, Aden - Little Aden 1955 to 1967, Aden - Federation of South Arabia and the Aden Emergency, Aden - Independence

Read more here: » Aden: Encyclopedia II - Aden - History

There are quite a number of peoples today who cling to the ancient tradition that they are descended from the Jewish Lost Tribes: the tribesmen of Afghanistan, the Mohammedan Berbers of West Africa, and the six million Christian Igbo people of Nigeria. Unquestionably, they all practice certain ancient Hebraic customs and beliefs, which lends some credibility to their fantastic-sounding claims. (cited on p. 217, Pictorial History of t ...

See also:

Ten Lost Tribes, Ten Lost Tribes - The Tribes in history, Ten Lost Tribes - Background to the controversy, Ten Lost Tribes - Varied claims, Ten Lost Tribes - David Horowitz, Ten Lost Tribes - Nathan Ausubel, Ten Lost Tribes - British Israelism, Ten Lost Tribes - Later-day Saints movement, Ten Lost Tribes - Biblical Support of the Ten Lost Tribes, Ten Lost Tribes - Antisemitic interpretations, Ten Lost Tribes - Groups claiming descent from specific lost tribes

Read more here: » Ten Lost Tribes: Encyclopedia II - Ten Lost Tribes - Varied claims

There are quite a number of peoples today who cling to the ancient tradition that they are descended from the Jewish Lost Tribes: the tribesmen of Afghanistan, the Mohammedan Berbers of West Africa, and the six million Christian Igbo people of Nigeria. Unquestionably, they all practice certain ancient Hebraic customs and beliefs, which lends some credibility to their fantastic-sounding claims. (cited on p. 217, Pictorial History of t ...

See also:

Ten Lost Tribes, Ten Lost Tribes - The Tribes in History, Ten Lost Tribes - Background to controversy, Ten Lost Tribes - Varied claims, Ten Lost Tribes - David Horowitz, Ten Lost Tribes - Nathan Ausubel, Ten Lost Tribes - British Israelism, Ten Lost Tribes - LDS and Some Others, Ten Lost Tribes - Antisemitic interpretations, Ten Lost Tribes - Groups claiming descent from specific lost tribes

Read more here: » Ten Lost Tribes: Encyclopedia II - Ten Lost Tribes - Varied claims

Main article: History of Yemen British interests in the area which would later become the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY), began to grow when in 1832, British East India Company forces captured the port of Aden, to provide a coaling station for ships en route to India. Aden was ruled as part of British India until 1937, when the city of Aden became the Colony of Aden. The Aden hinterland and Hadhramaut to the east formed the remainder of what would become South Yemen and was not administered directly by Aden ...

See also:

People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, People's Democratic Republic of Yemen - History, People's Democratic Republic of Yemen - Politics & Social Life, People's Democratic Republic of Yemen - Human Rights, People's Democratic Republic of Yemen - Subdivisions, People's Democratic Republic of Yemen - Economy, People's Democratic Republic of Yemen - As of 1976

Read more here: » People's Democratic Republic of Yemen: Encyclopedia II - People's Democratic Republic of Yemen - History

The geography and ruling Imams of north Yemen kept the country isolated from foreign influence before 1962. The country's relations with Saudi Arabia were defined by the Taif Agreement of 1934, which delineated the northernmost part of the border between the two kingdoms and set the framework for commercial and other intercourse. The Taif Agreement has been renewed periodically in 20-year increments, and its validity was reaffirmed in 1995. Relations with the British colonial authoritie ...

See also:

Yemen, Yemen - History, Yemen - Politics, Yemen - Governorates, Yemen - Geography, Yemen - Economy, Yemen - Foreign relations, Yemen - Demographics, Yemen - Languages, Yemen - Culture, Yemen - Holidays, Yemen - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Yemen: Encyclopedia II - Yemen - Foreign relations

Osama bin Laden - Afghan Jihad. His wealth and connections permitted him to pursue his interest in supporting the mujahideen, Muslim guerrillas fighting the Soviet Union in Afghanistan following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. (See: the History of Afghanistan.) By 1984 he had established an organization named Maktab al-Khadamat (MAK) (Office of Order in English), which funneled money, ...

See also:

Osama bin Laden, Osama bin Laden - Background, Osama bin Laden - Family and childhood, Osama bin Laden - Turn towards extremism, Osama bin Laden - Appearance and manner, Osama bin Laden - Names, Osama bin Laden - Military and terrorist activity, Osama bin Laden - Afghan Jihad, Osama bin Laden - Formation of al-Qaeda, Osama bin Laden - Refuge in Afghanistan, Osama bin Laden - Attacks on United States targets, Osama bin Laden - September 11, Osama bin Laden - Whereabouts

Read more here: » Osama bin Laden: Encyclopedia II - Osama bin Laden - Military and terrorist activity

There are quite a number of peoples today who cling to the ancient tradition that they are descended from the Jewish Lost Tribes: the tribesmen of Afghanistan, the Mohammedan Berbers of West Africa, and the six million Christian Igbo people of Nigeria. Unquestionably, they all practice certain ancient Hebraic customs and beliefs, which lends some credibility to their fantastic-sounding claims. (cited on p. 217, Pictorial History of t ...

See also:

Ten Lost Tribes, Ten Lost Tribes - The Tribes in history, Ten Lost Tribes - Background to the controversy, Ten Lost Tribes - Varied claims, Ten Lost Tribes - David Horowitz, Ten Lost Tribes - Nathan Ausubel, Ten Lost Tribes - British Israelism, Ten Lost Tribes - Later-day Saints movement, Ten Lost Tribes - Antisemitic interpretations, Ten Lost Tribes - Groups claiming descent from specific lost tribes

Read more here: » Ten Lost Tribes: Encyclopedia II - Ten Lost Tribes - Varied claims

The title carries moral weight and religious authority, as the ruler's role was defined in the Qur'an. The sultan however was not a religious teacher himself. In the Byzantine Empire and the traditional spheres of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, a comparable unity of church and state in the person of the ruler is termed Caesaropapism. The last non-Islamic ruler with comparable authority was Nicholas II, the last Tsar of Russia, though formally (if not in practice) the British monarch represents a similar union of church and state, being both ...

See also:

Sultan, Sultan - Muslim monarch ruling under the terms of shariah, Sultan - Former sultans and sultanates, Sultan - Middle Eastern & Central Asia, Sultan - Hami, Sultan - North Africa, Sultan - East Africa, Sultan - Southeast Asia, Sultan - India, Sultan - Contemporary sultanates, Sultan - Princely and aristocratic titles, Sultan - Military rank, Sultan - Sources and References

Read more here: » Sultan: Encyclopedia II - Sultan - Muslim monarch ruling under the terms of shariah

Culture in Johor is influenced by visitors and traders throughout history. The biggest influence would be the Javanese and the Arabs. The strong Arab influence is apparent in art performances like Zapin and Hamdolok, musical instruments like gambus. Other visible legacies in Johor Bahru are the names Wadi Hana and Wadi Hassan area populated by Arab community from Hadhramaut in the southeast of Yemen. Wadi means valley in Arabic. Johor - Clothing. Cekak Musang and Teluk Belanga are types ...

See also:

Johor, Johor - History of Johor, Johor - Geography, Johor - Physical, Johor - Weather, Johor - Links to Singapore, Johor - Transportation hubs, Johor - Ports, Johor - Airports, Johor - Government structure of Johor, Johor - Monarchy, Johor - State government, Johor - Districts, Johor - State anthem, Johor - Education in Johor, Johor - Places of interest, Johor - Major tourist attractions, Johor - National parks and forest reserves, Johor - Cultural heritage of Johor, Johor - Clothing, Johor - Zapin dance, Johor - Kuda Kepang, Johor - Legend of Badang, Johor - Legend of Malim Deman, Johor - Legend of Sultan Mahmud Mangkat Dijulang, Johor - Legend of Gunung Ledang, Johor - Awang's spear returned to Dayang, Johor - Hamdolok, Johor - Songs of Johor, Johor - Cuisine, Johor - Interesting Facts

Read more here: » Johor: Encyclopedia II - Johor - Cultural heritage of Johor

Aden Protectorate - Informal beginnings. What became known as the Aden Protectorate was initially informal arrangements of protection with nine tribes in the immediate hinterland of the port city of Aden: Abdali (Lahej) Alawi Amiri (Dhala) Aqrabi Aulaqi Fadhli Haushabi Subeihi Yafa British expansion into the area was designed to secure the important port that was, at the time, governed from British India. From 1874, ...

See also:

Aden Protectorate, Aden Protectorate - History, Aden Protectorate - Informal beginnings, Aden Protectorate - Formal treaties, Aden Protectorate - Advisory treaty, Aden Protectorate - Challenges to the status quo, Aden Protectorate - Federation, Aden Protectorate - Sources and References for further reading

Read more here: » Aden Protectorate: Encyclopedia II - Aden Protectorate - History

After World War II, while many European nations were granting independence to their colonies, Portugal's dictator António de Oliveira Salazar clung to the concept that Mozambique and other Portuguese possessions were overseas provinces of the mother country, and emigration to the colonies soared (Mozambique's Portuguese population was about 250,000 in 1975). The drive for Mozambican independence developed apace, and in 1962 several anti-colonial political groups formed the Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO), which initiated an armed campai ...

See also:

History of Mozambique, History of Mozambique - Independence, History of Mozambique - Civil War, History of Mozambique - Democracy

Read more here: » History of Mozambique: Encyclopedia II - History of Mozambique - Independence