Guide for the Perplexed

The work is divided into three books. Guide for the Perplexed - Book One. The book begins with Maimonides' thesis against anthropomorphism. In the Bible, one can find many expressions which describe God in human terms, for instance the "hand of God". Maimonides was strongly against what he believed to be a heresy present in unlearned Jews who then assume God to be cor ...

See also:

Guide for the Perplexed, Guide for the Perplexed - About the work, Guide for the Perplexed - Structure, Guide for the Perplexed - Book One, Guide for the Perplexed - Book Two, Guide for the Perplexed - Book Three, Guide for the Perplexed - How to read the Guide, Guide for the Perplexed - Reactions and Criticism, Guide for the Perplexed - Translations

Read more here: » Guide for the Perplexed: Encyclopedia II - Guide for the Perplexed - Structure

Kashrut (Hebrew: כַּשְׁרוּת kašrûṯ) or "keeping kosher" (Hebrew: כָּשֵׁר kāšēr) is the name of the Jewish dietary laws. Food in accord with halakha (Jewish law) is termed kosher in English, from the Hebrew term kasher, meaning "fit" (in this context, fit for Jewish consumption). Food not in accord with Jewish law is termed treifah or treif (טְרֵפָה ṭərēp̄āh) ...

Including:

• Kashrut - Types of foods
• Kashrut - Identification of kosher foods
• Kashrut - Reasons for the Biblical dietary laws
• Kashrut - Ritual purity and holiness
• Kashrut - Symbolic purpose
• Kashrut - Maintenance of a separate culture
• Kashrut - Hygiene
• Kashrut - Other reasons
• Kashrut - U.S. Laws regarding use of word Kosher
• Kashrut - How kashrut is viewed by Judaism today
• Kashrut - Vegetarianism
• Kashrut - Kashrut and animal welfare
• Kashrut - Kashrut and Islam
• Kashrut - Notes

Read more here: » Kashrut: Encyclopedia - Kashrut

According to many religions, a miracle, derived from the old Latin word miraculum meaning 'something wonderful', is a striking interposition of divine intervention by God in the universe by which the operations of the ordinary course of Nature are overruled, suspended, or modified. People in different faiths have substantially different definitions of the word miracle. Even within a specific religion there is often more than one usage of the term. Sometimes the term miracle may refer to the action of a supernatural being that is not a god. Then the term divine intervention refers spec ...

Including:

• Miracle - Miracles as supernatural acts
• Miracle - Aristotelian and Neo-Aristotelian views of miracles
• Miracle - Non-literal reinterpretations of miracles
• Miracle - Transcendent and nontranscendent miracles
• Miracle - Miracles as a product of creative art and social acceptance
• Miracle - Miracles as commonplace events
• Miracle - Miracles as viewed by different religions
• Miracle - Miracles as described by the Bible
• Miracle - Christian views of miracles
• Miracle - Catholic views of miracles
• Miracle - Islamic view of miracles
• Miracle - Hindu views of miracles
• Miracle - Jewish views of miracles
• Miracle - Contemporary miracles
• Miracle - Notes and References

Read more here: » Miracle: Encyclopedia - Miracle

This entry contains a timeline of the development of Judaism and the Jewish people. Note that all dates are given according to the Common Era (Christian), not the Jewish calendar. For more detailed information on Jewish history, including links to individual country histories, see Jewish history. Timeline of Jewish history - Biblical history. A separate article exists on the timeline of Biblical characters and the Israelites. See the entry on the history of ancient Israel and Judah. Note, however, that the ...

Including:

• Timeline of Jewish history - Biblical history
• Timeline of Jewish history - Post Biblical-history
• Timeline of Jewish history - 200 BCE to 700 CE
• Timeline of Jewish history - 701 to 1500
• Timeline of Jewish history - 1501 to 1800
• Timeline of Jewish history - 1801 to 1900
• Timeline of Jewish history - 1901 to 1945
• Timeline of Jewish history - 1946 to Today

Read more here: » Timeline of Jewish history: Encyclopedia - Timeline of Jewish history

Brit milah (Hebrew: ברית מילה; literally "covenant [of] circumcision"), also bris milah (Ashkenazi pronunciation) is a religious ceremony within Judaism that welcomes infant Jewish boys into a covenant between God and the Children of Israel through ritual circumcision performed by a mohel ("circumcisor") in the presence of family and friends, followed by a celebratory meal (seudat mitzvah). Brit milah - Biblical origin. According to the Hebrew Bible, in the Book of Genesis 17:1- ...

Including:

• Brit milah - Biblical origin
• Brit milah - History
• Brit milah - Reason
• Brit milah - Kvatter
• Brit milah - Metzitzah
• Brit milah - By mouth
• Brit milah - By tube
• Brit milah - Conversion and exceptions
• Brit milah - Dam brit
• Brit milah - Milah l'shem giur
• Brit milah - Social context
• Brit milah - Recent views
• Brit milah - Historical view
• Brit milah - The anti-circumcision movement

Read more here: » Brit milah: Encyclopedia - Brit milah

A prophet is a person who is believed to communicate with God, or with a deity. Prophets claim to speak for God (or the gods), with the purpose of delivering a divinely inspired message. A prophet often operates through some means of divination or channeling. The process of receiving a message from God (or the gods) is known either as prophecy or as revelation. (In this sense, the terms are synonyms.) In popular usage, especially among Christians, a prophet is believed to be someone foretelling the future. While t ...

Including:

• Prophet - Sociological taxonomy of prophets
• Prophet - Pagan Greek and Roman oracles
• Prophet - Prophets in the Tanakh Hebrew Bible
• Prophet - Prophets in Jewish thought
• Prophet - Christian concepts of a prophet
• Prophet - Latter-day Saint concept of prophets
• Prophet - Jehovah's Witnesses concepts of a prophet
• Prophet - Unification Church
• Prophet - The Islamic concept of prophet
• Prophet - The Bahá'í concept of prophet
• Prophet - The Direct Worship concept of prophet
• Prophet - Tenrikyo concept of prophet
• Prophet - Other prophets
• Prophet - Assessment of the prophet's authenticity and false prophets
• Prophet - Jewish views
• Prophet - Christian views
• Prophet - Muslim views
• Prophet - Prophets in science-fiction and fantasy

Read more here: » Prophet: Encyclopedia - Prophet

The article Judaism and Christianity compares and contrasts two closely related Abrahamic religions that are in some ways parallel to each other and in other ways fundamentally divergent in theology and practice. Whereas the article on the Judeo-Christian tradition emphasizes continuities and convergences between the two religions, this article emphasizes that Judaism and Christianity each have widely diverging views of their respective relationship to the other, and of elements they have in common, such as the Bible and God. Including:

• Judaism and Christianity - Neither religion is monolithic
• Judaism and Christianity - Raison d'être of the religion
• Judaism and Christianity - The nature of religion: national versus universal
• Judaism and Christianity - Concepts of God
• Judaism and Christianity - Understanding of the Bible
• Judaism and Christianity - Sin and Original Sin
• Judaism and Christianity - Faith versus good deeds
• Judaism and Christianity - Love
• Judaism and Christianity - Abortion
• Judaism and Christianity - War violence and pacifism
• Judaism and Christianity - Judgement
• Judaism and Christianity - Capital punishment
• Judaism and Christianity - Heaven and Hell
• Judaism and Christianity - The Messiah
• Judaism and Christianity - Catholic views
• Judaism and Christianity - Eastern Orthodox views
• Judaism and Christianity - Jewish views
• Judaism and Christianity - Evangelism
• Judaism and Christianity - Miscellaneous
• Judaism and Christianity - Mutual views
• Judaism and Christianity - Common Jewish views of Christianity
• Judaism and Christianity - Common Christian views of Judaism

Read more here: » Judaism and Christianity: Encyclopedia - Judaism and Christianity

Jewish philosophy is not a universally agreed-upon term, but it does exist as a field of scholarship. It is therefore a subject that requires careful analysis, definition, clarification and explanation. Some may claim that it is an attempt to fuse the fields of secular (even atheistic) philosophy with the religious teachings of Judaism (an Abrahamic religion). Others may claim that it is a relatively latter-day form of rationalization for Judaism itself. It should be noted that the primary source documents for Judaism, such as the Tor ...

Including:

• Jewish philosophy - Approaches
• Jewish philosophy - Early Jewish philosophy
• Jewish philosophy - Philo of Alexandria
• Jewish philosophy - Avicebron Solomon ibn Gabirol
• Jewish philosophy - Jewish Mysticism Kabbalah
• Jewish philosophy - Saadia Gaon
• Jewish philosophy - Karaite philosophy
• Jewish philosophy - Bahya ibn Paquda's Duties of the Heart
• Jewish philosophy - Yehuda Halevi and the Kuzari
• Jewish philosophy - The rise of Aristotelian thought
• Jewish philosophy - Maimonides
• Jewish philosophy - Position in the history of thought
• Jewish philosophy - Renaissance philosophers
• Jewish philosophy - Post-Enlightenment Jewish philosophers
• Jewish philosophy - Modern Jewish philosophy
• Jewish philosophy - Holocaust theology
• Jewish philosophy - Modern Jewish philosophers
• Jewish philosophy - Orthodox Judaism philosophers
• Jewish philosophy - Conservative Judaism philosophers
• Jewish philosophy - Reform Judaism philosophers
• Jewish philosophy - Reconstructionist Judaism philosophers
• Jewish philosophy - Others
• Jewish philosophy - Philosophers informed by their Jewish background

Read more here: » Jewish philosophy: Encyclopedia - Jewish philosophy

Moshe ben Maimon (March 30, 1135–December 13, 1204) was a Jewish rabbi, physician, and philosopher. Moshe ben Maimon's Hebrew name is רבי משה בן מיימון and his Arabic name is موسى بن ميمون بن عبد الله القرطبي الإسرائيلي, Mussa bin Maimun ibn Abdallah al-Kurtubi al-Israili. However, he is most commonly known by his Greek name, Moses Maimonides (Μωησής Μαϊμονίδης), and many Jewish works refer to him by the acronym of his title and name, RaMBaMIncluding:

• Maimonides - Biography
• Maimonides - Works and bibliography
• Maimonides - Influence
• Maimonides - The 13 principles of faith
• Maimonides - Halakhic works
• Maimonides - Philosophy
• Maimonides - Negative theology
• Maimonides - Prophecy
• Maimonides - The problem of evil
• Maimonides - Astrology
• Maimonides - True beliefs versus necessary beliefs
• Maimonides - Resurrection acquired immortality and the afterlife

Read more here: » Maimonides: Encyclopedia - Maimonides

Negative theology - also known as the Via Negativa (Latin for "Negative Way") and Apophatic theology - is a theology that attempts to describe God by negation, to speak of God only in terms of what may be said about God and to avoid what may not be said. In brief, the attempt is to gain and express knowledge of God by describing what God is not (apophasis), rather than by describing what God is. The apophatic tradition is often allied with or expressed in tandem with the approach of mysticism, which ...

Including:

• Negative theology - Apophatic description of God
• Negative theology - In the Christian tradition
• Negative theology - In the Jewish tradition
• Negative theology - In Hinduism
• Negative theology - In Buddhism
• Negative theology - In other Eastern traditions

Read more here: » Negative theology: Encyclopedia - Negative theology

The idea that humans existed before Adam, which is known as the Pre-Adamite hypothesis or Preadamism, has a long history, probably having its origins in early pagan responses to Jewish and Christian claims regarding the origins of the human race. Advocates are known as PreAdamites as are the humans that are supposed to have existed before Adam. The first known debate took place between Theophilus of Antioch and an Egyptian pagan Apollonius, who argued that the world was 153,075 years old. Figures such as this occur regularly in Greek and Roman literature, as do the clai ...

Read more here: » Pre-Adamite: Encyclopedia - Pre-Adamite

Rabbi Avraham son of Rambam (1168 – December 7, 1237, also Avraham Maimuni) the son of Maimonides (Rambam) was the head of the Egyptian Jewish community following his father. Avraham son of Rambam - Biography. Avraham was born in Fostat, Egypt - his father, Maimonides, was fifty-one years old then. The boy was "modest, highly refined and unusually good natured"; he was also noted for his brilliant intellect and even while a youth became known as a great scholar. When his father died ...

Including:

• Avraham son of Rambam - Biography
• Avraham son of Rambam - Works

Read more here: » Avraham son of Rambam: Encyclopedia - Avraham son of Rambam

According to Strauss, modern Social Science Positivism (the heir to the traditions of both Auguste Comte and Max Weber), in making purportedly value-free judgements, fails the ultimate test of justifying its own existence (which would require a value-judgement, of sorts) and ultimately leads to nihilism. Strauss taught that Liberalism, strictly speaking, contained within it an intrinsic tendency towards relativism, which in turn led to a sort of nihilism--a kind of decadence, value-free aimlessness, and hedonism which he believed he saw perm ...

See also:

Leo Strauss, Leo Strauss - Life, Leo Strauss - Philosophy, Leo Strauss - Strauss on Reading, Leo Strauss - Strauss on politics, Leo Strauss - What might Straussianism be?, Leo Strauss - Strauss in the Public View, Leo Strauss - Recommended Readings, Leo Strauss - Quotations, Leo Strauss - Bibliography of Published texts, Leo Strauss - Writings about Maimonides and Jewish philosophy, Leo Strauss - Bibliography on Leo Strauss

Read more here: » Leo Strauss: Encyclopedia II - Leo Strauss - Strauss on politics

List of publications in philosophy - Western philosophy. Plato, Charmides Plato, Lysis Plato, Laches Plato, Protagoras Plato, Euthydemus Plato, Cratylus Plato, Phaedrus Plato, Ion Plato, Symposium Plato, Meno Plato, Euthyphro Plato, Apology Plato, Crito Plato, Phaedo Plato, Go ...

See also:

List of publications in philosophy, List of publications in philosophy - Historical texts, List of publications in philosophy - Western philosophy, List of publications in philosophy - Eastern philosophy, List of publications in philosophy - Twentieth-century philosophy, List of publications in philosophy - Ethics value and social philosophy, List of publications in philosophy - Logic language and mathematics, List of publications in philosophy - General philosophy lists, List of publications in philosophy - General philosophy topics, List of publications in philosophy - General online philosophy resources

Read more here: » List of publications in philosophy: Encyclopedia II - List of publications in philosophy - Historical texts

Love is a central value in both Judaism and Christianity. In Jesus and Yahweh: The Names Divine, literary critic Harold Bloom argues that their notions of love are fundamentally different. Specifically, he links the Jewish conception of love to justice, and the Christian conception of love to charity. As in English, the Hebrew word for "love," ahavah אהבה, is used to describe intimate or romantic feelings or relationships, such as the love between parent and child in Genesis 22:2; 25: 28; 37:3; the love between close friends in I Samuel 18:2, 20:17; or the love betw ...

See also:

Judaism and Christianity, Judaism and Christianity - Neither religion is monolithic, Judaism and Christianity - Raison d'être of the religion, Judaism and Christianity - The nature of religion: national versus universal, Judaism and Christianity - Concepts of God, Judaism and Christianity - Understanding of the Bible, Judaism and Christianity - Sin and Original Sin, Judaism and Christianity - Faith versus good deeds, Judaism and Christianity - Love, Judaism and Christianity - Abortion, Judaism and Christianity - War violence and pacifism, Judaism and Christianity - Judgement, Judaism and Christianity - Capital punishment, Judaism and Christianity - Heaven and Hell, Judaism and Christianity - The Messiah, Judaism and Christianity - Catholic views, Judaism and Christianity - Eastern Orthodox views, Judaism and Christianity - Jewish views, Judaism and Christianity - Evangelism, Judaism and Christianity - Miscellaneous, Judaism and Christianity - Mutual views, Judaism and Christianity - Common Jewish views of Christianity, Judaism and Christianity - Common Christian views of Judaism

Read more here: » Judaism and Christianity: Encyclopedia II - Judaism and Christianity - Love

List of translators - Literature. Geoffrey Chaucer Alamgir Hashmi David Homel - translator of Quebec literature into English Charles Muller Rabindranath Tagore Taufiq Rafat - translated classical Punjabi poetry into English Cecil Parrott - translator of The Good Soldier Svejk. Celina Wieniewska - translator of Polish, esp. Bruno Schulz Jerzy Ficowski - translator of Polish, esp. Bruno Schulz David H. Rosenthal - translat ...

See also:

List of translators, List of translators - Translators into English, List of translators - Literature, List of translators - Philosophy, List of translators - Other, List of translators - Translators into languages other than English

Read more here: » List of translators: Encyclopedia II - List of translators - Translators into English

One of the major trends in modern Jewish philosophy was the attempt to develop a theory of Judaism through existentialism. One of the primary players in this field was Franz Rosenzweig. While researching his doctoral dissertation on the 19th-century German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Rosenzweig reacted against Hegel's idealism and favored an existential approach. Rosenzweig, for a time, considered conversion to Christianity, but in 1913, he turned to Jewish philosophy. He became a philosopher and student of Hermann Cohen. Roze ...

See also:

Jewish philosophy, Jewish philosophy - Approaches, Jewish philosophy - Early Jewish philosophy, Jewish philosophy - Philo of Alexandria, Jewish philosophy - Avicebron Solomon ibn Gabirol, Jewish philosophy - Jewish Mysticism Kabbalah, Jewish philosophy - Saadia Gaon, Jewish philosophy - Karaite philosophy, Jewish philosophy - Bahya ibn Paquda's Duties of the Heart, Jewish philosophy - Yehuda Halevi and the Kuzari, Jewish philosophy - The rise of Aristotelian thought, Jewish philosophy - Maimonides, Jewish philosophy - Position in the history of thought, Jewish philosophy - Renaissance philosophers, Jewish philosophy - Post-Enlightenment Jewish philosophers, Jewish philosophy - Modern Jewish philosophy, Jewish philosophy - Holocaust theology, Jewish philosophy - Modern Jewish philosophers, Jewish philosophy - Orthodox Judaism philosophers, Jewish philosophy - Conservative Judaism philosophers, Jewish philosophy - Reform Judaism philosophers, Jewish philosophy - Reconstructionist Judaism philosophers, Jewish philosophy - Others, Jewish philosophy - Philosophers informed by their Jewish background

Read more here: » Jewish philosophy: Encyclopedia II - Jewish philosophy - Modern Jewish philosophy

A Brit milah could be circumvented with Dam Brit, or foregone altogether with a Milah L'Shem Giur: Brit milah - Dam brit. A symbolic pinprick, in place of a Brit milah, because the person unable to undergo a ritual (versus surgical) circumcision. Dam brit (heb. דם ברית "Blood [of the] Covenant") refers to the fulfillme ...

See also:

Brit milah, Brit milah - Biblical origin, Brit milah - History, Brit milah - Reason, Brit milah - Kvatter, Brit milah - Metzitzah, Brit milah - By mouth, Brit milah - By tube, Brit milah - Conversion and exceptions, Brit milah - Dam brit, Brit milah - Milah l'shem giur, Brit milah - Social context, Brit milah - Recent views, Brit milah - Historical view, Brit milah - The anti-circumcision movement

Read more here: » Brit milah: Encyclopedia II - Brit milah - Conversion and exceptions

Rabbi Isserles was born in Kraków. His father was a prominent Talmudist, said to have been independently wealthy, and probably headed the community; his grandfather, Jehiel Luria, was the first Rabbi of Brisk. Isserles studied in Lublin under Rabbi Shalom Shachna, who became his father in law. Among his fellow pupils were his relative Solomon Luria (Maharshal), and Chayyim b. Bezalel, an older brother of the Maharal. Rema’s wife died young, at the age of 20 and he later established the “Rema Shul” in Kraków in her memory (originally ...

See also:

Moses Isserles, Moses Isserles - Biography, Moses Isserles - Works

Read more here: » Moses Isserles: Encyclopedia II - Moses Isserles - Biography

In Jewish belief, God is defined as the Creator of the universe: "In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth" (Genesis 1:1); similarly, "I am God, I make all things" (Isaiah 44:24). God, as Creator, is by definition separate from the physical universe and thus exists outside of space and time. God is therefore absolutely different from anything else, and, as above, is in consequence held to be totally unknowable. It is for th ...

See also:

Negative theology, Negative theology - Apophatic description of God, Negative theology - In the Christian tradition, Negative theology - In the Jewish tradition, Negative theology - In Hinduism, Negative theology - In Buddhism, Negative theology - In other Eastern traditions

Read more here: » Negative theology: Encyclopedia II - Negative theology - In the Jewish tradition