The Gregorian calendar is the calendar that is used nearly everywhere in the world. A modification of the Julian calendar, it was first proposed by the Neapolitan doctor Aloysius Lilius, and was decreed by Pope Gregory XIII, for whom it was named, on 24 February 1582 (Note: The papal bull Inter gravissimas was signed in the year 1581 for unknown reasons, but printed on 1 March 1582. Although the use of the date 1581 is often attributed to the supposed adoption by the papacy of a reckoning by which the year began on 25 March, other contemporaneous papal bulls have years that do not agree with March years, let alo ...

Including:

Gregorian calendar - History
Gregorian calendar - Invention Gregorian calendar - Beginning of the year Gregorian calendar - Adoption outside of Roman Catholic nations
Gregorian calendar - Proleptic Gregorian calendar Gregorian calendar - Confusion with British vs. American usage Gregorian calendar - Difference between Gregorian and Julian calendar dates Gregorian calendar - Months of the year Gregorian calendar - Accuracy Gregorian calendar - Calendar seasonal error Gregorian calendar - Numerical facts Gregorian calendar - Number of leap years starting on a given day of the week Gregorian calendar - Days of the week Gregorian calendar - Reference

Read more here: » Gregorian calendar: Encyclopedia - Gregorian calendar

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Gregorian calendar, Gregorian calendar - History, Gregorian calendar - Invention, Gregorian calendar - Beginning of the year, Gregorian calendar - Adoption outside of Roman Catholic nations, Gregorian calendar - Proleptic Gregorian calendar, Gregorian calendar - Confusion with British vs. American usage, Gregorian calendar - Difference between Gregorian and Julian calendar dates, Gregorian calendar - Months of the year, Gregorian calendar - Accuracy, Gregorian calendar - Calendar seasonal error, Gregorian calendar - Numerical facts, Gregorian calendar - Number of leap years starting on a given day of the week, Gregorian calendar - Days of the week, Gregorian calendar - Reference

Read more here: » Gregorian calendar: Encyclopedia II - Gregorian calendar - Proleptic Gregorian calendar

Gregorian calendar - Invention. The motivation of the Catholic Church in adjusting the calendar was to have Easter celebrated at the time that they thought had been agreed to at the First Council of Nicaea in 325. Although a canon of the council implies that all churches used the same Easter, they did not. The Church of Alexandria celebrated Easter on the Sunday after the 14th day of the Moon that falls on or after the vernal equinox, which they placed on 21 March. However, the Church of Rome still regarded 25 Ma ...

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Gregorian calendar, Gregorian calendar - History, Gregorian calendar - Invention, Gregorian calendar - Beginning of the year, Gregorian calendar - Adoption outside of Roman Catholic nations, Gregorian calendar - Proleptic Gregorian calendar, Gregorian calendar - Confusion with British vs. American usage, Gregorian calendar - Difference between Gregorian and Julian calendar dates, Gregorian calendar - Months of the year, Gregorian calendar - Accuracy, Gregorian calendar - Calendar seasonal error, Gregorian calendar - Numerical facts, Gregorian calendar - Number of leap years starting on a given day of the week, Gregorian calendar - Days of the week, Gregorian calendar - Reference

Read more here: » Gregorian calendar: Encyclopedia II - Gregorian calendar - History

Carl-Johan Calleman is an internationally recognized authority in the studies of the Mayan Calendar. He has appeared in Swedish, Finnish and Mexican television and American Web-TV. He has published two books about the Mayan Calendar and he was one of the main speakers at a Mexican conference in Yucatan 1998 about the Mayan Calendar.

Read more here: » Mayan Calendar: About Materialist and Spiritual Calendars

A calendar is a system for naming periods of time, typically days. These names are known as calendar dates. The dates may be based on the perceived motion of astronomical objects. A calendar is also a physical device (often paper) that illustrates the system (for example, a desktop calendar) — this is the most common usage of the word. As a subset, 'calendar' is also used to denote a list of particular set of planned events (for example, court calendar). Calendar - Calendar systems. Including:

Calendar - Calendar systems
Calendar - Solar calendars Calendar - Lunar calendars Calendar - Fiscal calendars
Calendar - Calendar subdivisions Calendar - Other calendar types
Calendar - Complete and incomplete calendars Calendar - Pragmatic theoretical and mixed calendars
Calendar - Uses Calendar - Currently used calendars Calendar - Sources

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A date in a calendar is a reference to a particular day by means of a calendar system. The calendar date allows the particular day to be identified. A person can often determine how many days a particular date comes after another date. For example, "19 February 2003", is ten days after "9 February 2003", in the Gregorian calendar. In most calendar systems, the date consists of three parts: the day of month, month, and the year. There may also be additional parts, such as the day of week. Years are usually counted from a particular starting p ...

Including:

Calendar date - Date format
Calendar date - Little endian forms starting with the day Calendar date - Big endian forms starting with the year Calendar date - Middle endian forms starting with the month Calendar date - Usage issues Calendar date - Day and year only Calendar date - Week number used

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A calendar era is the year numbering system used by a calendar. For example, the Gregorian calendar numbers its years in the Western Christian era (the Coptic and Ethiopic churches have their own Christian eras, see below). The instant, date, or year from which time is marked is called the epoch of the era. There are many different calendar eras. Some are listed below along with their abbreviations (if any). A.D. (or AD) — for the Latin Anno Domini, meaning in the year of our Lord. Yea ...

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The Chinese calendar is a lunisolar calendar incorporating elements of a lunar calendar with those of a solar calendar. In China today, the Gregorian Calendar is used for most day to day activities, but the Chinese calendar is still used for marking traditional holidays such as Chinese New Year (Spring Festival), Duan Wu festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, and in astrology, such as choosing the most auspicious date for a wedding or the opening of a building. Because each month follows one cycle of the moon, it is also used to determ ...

Including:

Chinese calendar - History
Chinese calendar - Legendary beginnings Chinese calendar - Early History Chinese calendar - The Taichuli calendar Chinese calendar - The True Sun and Moon Chinese calendar - The Gregorian Reform and the 1929 time change
Chinese calendar - Calendar Rules Chinese calendar - Year Markings
Chinese calendar - Regnal Years Chinese calendar - The Stem-Branch Cycle Chinese calendar - Solar Year versus Lunar Year
Chinese calendar - Hours of the Day Chinese calendar - The Chinese Zodiac Chinese calendar - Solar term Chinese calendar - Holidays Chinese calendar - Purpose of the Intercalary Months Chinese calendar - The relevance of the calendar today
Chinese calendar - Practical uses Chinese calendar - Cultural issues

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The Attic calendar is the calendar that was in use in ancient Attica, the ancestral territory of the Athenian polis. This article focuses on the 5th and 4th centuries BC, the classical period that produced some of the most significant works of ancient Greek literature. Because of the relative wealth of evidence from Athens, of all the Hellenic calendars it is the best understood. Viewed from the standpoint of the modern Gregorian calendar, this ancient system has many peculiar features. This is a part of its appeal: as a cultural artif ...

Including:

Attic calendar - Local focus of the system Attic calendar - More than one calendar Attic calendar - Festival calendar
Attic calendar - List of months Attic calendar - Lunisolar calendar Attic calendar - Names of the months Attic calendar - Days of the month
Attic calendar - State calendar Attic calendar - Manipulation of the calendar Attic calendar - Dating long range events Attic calendar - Sidereal calendar

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The Maya calendar is actually a system of distinct calendars and almanacs used by the Maya civilization of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. These different calendars tracked observable phenomena such as the solar year, the lunar year, and the synodic period of the planet Venus; others had a divinatory or ritualistic purpose without any known association to natural cycles. These calendars could be synchronised and interlocked in complex ways, their combina ...

Including:

Maya calendar - General overview Maya calendar - Maya concepts of time Maya calendar - Tzolk'in
Maya calendar - Divination Maya calendar - Origin of the Tzolkin
Maya calendar - Haab
Maya calendar - Wayeb
Maya calendar - Calendar Round Maya calendar - Long Count
Maya calendar - Calculating Long Count dates Maya calendar - Calculating the Tzolkin date portion Maya calendar - Calculating the Haab date portion Maya calendar - End of the world?
Maya calendar - Venus cycle

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The Coptic calendar, also called the Alexandrian Calendar, is used by the Coptic Orthodox Church. It is based on the Ancient Egyptian calendar. To avoid the calendar creep of the latter, a reform of the Ancient Egyptian calendar was introduced at the time of Ptolemy III (Decree of Canopus, in 238 BC) which consisted in the intercalation of a 6th epagomenal day every fourth year. However, this reform was opposed by the Egyptian priests, and the idea was not adopted until 25 BC, when the Roman Emperor Augustus formally reformed t ...

Including:

Coptic calendar - The Coptic year Coptic calendar - The date of Christmas Coptic calendar - The date of Easter Coptic calendar - Coptic months

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Gregorian chant is also known as plainchant or plainsong and is a form of monophonic, unaccompanied singing, which was developed in the Catholic church, mainly during the period 800-1000. It takes its name from Pope St. Gregory the Great, who is believed to have brought it to the West based on Eastern models of Byzantine chant. This music was traditionally sung by monks or other male clerics and was used during religious services. It is the music of the Roman Rite of the Mass, also known as the Gregorian rite or T ...

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Gregorian chant - History Gregorian chant - The music and its performers Gregorian chant - Gregorian chant in the liturgy

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Various reforms to the Gregorian calendar currently used by most of the world have been proposed. Reformers cite several problems with the Gregorian calendar: It is not perpetual. Each year starts on a different day of the week, and calendars expire every year. Months are not equal in length, requiring the mnemonic rhyme, “Thirty days hath September…” to remember which month is 28, 29, 30, or 31 days long. It is difficult to determine the weekday of any given day of the year. The year's fo ...

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Calendar reform - Perpetual calendars Calendar reform - 13-month calendar proposals Calendar reform - Specific proposals

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The Hebrew calendar (Hebrew: הלוח העברי) or Jewish calendar is the annual calendar used in Judaism. It determines the dates of the Jewish holidays, the appropriate Torah portions for public reading, Yahrzeits (the date to commemorate the death of a relative), and the specific daily Psalms which some customarily read. Two major forms of the calendar have been used: an observational form used prior to the destruction of the Second Temple in 70, and based on witnesses observing ...

Including:

Hebrew calendar - History
Hebrew calendar - Biblical period Hebrew calendar - Babylonian exile Hebrew calendar - Second Temple era Hebrew calendar - Roman Era Hebrew calendar - Alexandrian Jewish calendar Hebrew calendar - Transition period
Hebrew calendar - When does the year begin? Hebrew calendar - Modern calendar
Hebrew calendar - Epoch Hebrew calendar - Measurement of the month Hebrew calendar - Pattern of calendar years Hebrew calendar - Measurement of hours Hebrew calendar - Measurement of lunar conjunctions/molads Hebrew calendar - Metonic cycle Hebrew calendar - Special holiday rules Hebrew calendar - Karaite interpretation
Hebrew calendar - Accuracy

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The Malayalam calendar is a sidereal solar calendar used in the South Indian state of Kerala. It has twelve months: Chingam. "Onam", the most important festival of Kerala, is celebrated during this month. This comes during August or September of Gregorian Calendar. Kanni Thulam Vrischikam. The famous "Sabarimala" temple in Kerala is opened for devotees on the first day of this month for a period of two months. This period is called "Mandalakkaalam" DhanuIncluding:

Malayalam calendar - External link

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The Bangla calendar also known as Bangabda in the Bengali language, is the traditional calendar used in Bangladesh and Bangla (Bengali)-speaking regions of India. The calendar is based on the solar year. New Year's Day falls between 13 April and 15 April. Bangla calendar - History. Under the Mughals, agricultural taxes were collected according to the Hijri calendar. However, as the Hijri calendar is a lunar calendar, the agricultural year did not coincide with the fiscal year. Therefore, farmers were ...

Including:

Bangla calendar - History Bangla calendar - Months Bangla calendar - Organization Bangla calendar - Beginning of day Bangla calendar - Rule of leap year

Read more here: » Bangla calendar: Encyclopedia - Bangla calendar

The Zoroastrian calendar (sometimes referred to as the Persian calendar) has a year that is 365 days long, composed of 12 months of 30 days each, plus an additional period of 5 days at the end of the year. There are three versions of this calendar with different starting dates for the year. The Qadimi ("Ancient") calendar is used in Iran. The Shahanshahi (Shenshai) ('Imperial") calendar is used by the Parsees in India, and is exactly one month (30 days) behind the 'Qadmi calendar. The newer Fasli ("s ...

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The term Celtic calendar is used to refer to a variety of calendars used by Celtic-speaking peoples at different times in history. Celtic calendar - Neolithic Calendar?. A neolithic engraved stone found at Knowth, Ireland, may be a graphical representation of a lunar calendar. While pre-dating the Celts, Brennan (1994) speculates that it operates on the same principle as the Coligny calendar. Irish calendar, Celtic art Celtic calendar - Continental Celt ...

Including:

Celtic calendar - Neolithic Calendar? Celtic calendar - Continental Celtic Calendar Celtic calendar - Mediaeval Irish and Welsh Calendars Celtic calendar - Neo-Pagan calendars

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The Hindu calendar is of two types: the solar calendar or the saura māna the lunisolar calendar or the chāndra māna Both are described in this article. Hindu calendar - Basic structure. The structure of the Hindu calendar is of course composed of days making months making years. The system of describing days is the same in both the solar and lunisolar calendars. The system of describing months and hence years is what distinguishes the solar and lunisolar ...

Including:

Hindu calendar - Basic structure Hindu calendar - Day
Hindu calendar - Tithi Hindu calendar - Vaasara Hindu calendar - Nakshatra Hindu calendar - Yoga Hindu calendar - Karana
Hindu calendar - Month and year of the solar calendar Hindu calendar - Months of the lunisolar calendar
Hindu calendar - Naming lunar months Hindu calendar - Religious observances in case of extra and lost months
Hindu calendar - Year of the lunisolar calendar Hindu calendar - Another kind of lunisolar calendar Hindu calendar - Correspondence of the lunisolar calendar to the solar calendar Hindu calendar - Year numbering Hindu calendar - Year names Hindu calendar - Eras Hindu calendar - History

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The Julian calendar was in general use in Europe from the times of the Roman Empire until 1582, when Pope Gregory XIII promulgated the Gregorian Calendar, which was soon adopted by most Catholic countries. The Protestant countries followed later, and the countries of Eastern Europe even later. Great Britain had Thursday 14 September 1752 follow Wednesday 2 September 1752. Sweden adopted the new style calendar in 1753, but also for a twelve-year period starting in 1700 used a modified Julian Calendar. Russia remained on the Julian calendar un ...

See also:

Julian calendar, Julian calendar - From Roman to Julian, Julian calendar - Leap years error, Julian calendar - Naming of the months, Julian calendar - Lengths of the months, Julian calendar - Year numbering, Julian calendar - From Julian to Gregorian

Read more here: » Julian calendar: Encyclopedia II - Julian calendar - From Julian to Gregorian