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Gregorian Calendar | A Wisdom Archive on Gregorian Calendar | | Gregorian Calendar A selection of articles related to Gregorian Calendar | |
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Gregorian calendar
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Gregorian Calendar | | | |  Gregorian Calendar: Encyclopedia II - Computus - HistoryEaster is the most important Christian feast. Accordingly, the proper date of its celebration has been a cause of much controversy, at least as early as the meeting (c. 154) of Anicetus, bishop of Rome and Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna. The problem for Christians using the solar Julian calendar was that the passion and resurrection of Jesus occurred during the Jewish feast of Passover, which Jews celebrate accordi ...
See also:Computus, Computus - History, Computus - Theory, Computus - Tabular methods, Computus - Gregorian calendar, Computus - Julian calendar, Computus - Algorithms, Computus - Gauss's algorithm, Computus - Meeus/Jones/Butcher Gregorian algorithm, Computus - Meeus Julian algorithm Read more here: » Computus: Encyclopedia II - Computus - History |
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| | | | | Gregorian Calendar: Encyclopedia II - Leap year - Julian calendar The Julian calendar adds an extra day to February in years divisible by 4.
This rule gives an average year length of 365.25 days. The excess of about 0.0076 days with respect to the vernal equinox year means that the vernal equinox moves a day earlier in the calendar every 130 years or so.
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See also:Leap year, Leap year - Gregorian calendar, Leap year - Which day is the leap day?, Leap year - Julian calendar, Leap year - Revised Julian Calendar, Leap year - Chinese calendar, Leap year - Hebrew calendar, Leap year - Hindu Calendar, Leap year - Iranian calendar, Leap year - Long term leap year rules, Leap year - Marriage proposal, Leap year - Saint Patrick and the leap year, Leap year - Birthdays Read more here: » Leap year: Encyclopedia II - Leap year - Julian calendar |
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| | | | | Gregorian Calendar: Encyclopedia II - Month - Calendrical consequences At the simplest level, all lunar calendars are based on the approximation that 2 lunations last 59 days: a 30 day full month followed by a 29 day hollow month — but this is only marginally accurate and quickly needs correction by using larger cycles, or the equivalent of leap days.
Second, the synodic month does not fit easily into the year, which makes constructing accurate, rule-based lunisolar calendars difficult. The most common solution to this problem is the Metonic cycle, which takes advantage of the fact that 2 ...
See also:Month, Month - Astronomical background, Month - Sidereal month, Month - Tropical month, Month - Anomalistic month, Month - Draconic month, Month - Synodic month, Month - Month lengths, Month - Calendrical consequences, Month - Months in various calendars, Month - Julian and Gregorian calendars, Month - French Republican calendar, Month - Islamic calendar, Month - Hebrew Calendar, Month - Hindu Calendar, Month - Iranian/Persian calendar, Month - Icelandic/Old Norse calendar, Month - Notes Read more here: » Month: Encyclopedia II - Month - Calendrical consequences |
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| | | | | Gregorian Calendar: Encyclopedia II - Computus - Theory The solar year is always counted to have 365 days (excluding a small remainder). A lunar year of 12 months is counted to have 354 days, meaning the average lunation is 29½ days (excluding another small remainder). The solar year is 11 days longer than the lunar year. Supposing a solar and lunar year start on the same day, with a crescent new moon indicating the beginning of a new lunar month on 1 January, 11 days of the new lunar year will have already passed by the commencement of the new solar year. After two years the difference will hav ...
See also:Computus, Computus - History, Computus - Theory, Computus - Tabular methods, Computus - Gregorian calendar, Computus - Julian calendar, Computus - Algorithms, Computus - Gauss's algorithm, Computus - Meeus/Jones/Butcher Gregorian algorithm, Computus - Meeus Julian algorithm Read more here: » Computus: Encyclopedia II - Computus - Theory |
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| | | | | Gregorian Calendar: Encyclopedia II - Leap year - Hebrew calendar The Hebrew calendar is also lunisolar with an embolistic month. In the Hebrew calendar the extra month is called Adar Alef (first Adar) and is added before Adar, which then becomes Adar Sheni (second Adar). According to the Metonic cycle, this is done seven times every nineteen years, specifically, in years, 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 19.
In addition, the Hebrew calendar has postponement rules that postpone the start of the year by one or two days. The year before the postponement gets one or two extra days, and the year w ...
See also:Leap year, Leap year - Gregorian calendar, Leap year - Which day is the leap day?, Leap year - Julian calendar, Leap year - Revised Julian Calendar, Leap year - Chinese calendar, Leap year - Hebrew calendar, Leap year - Hindu Calendar, Leap year - Iranian calendar, Leap year - Long term leap year rules, Leap year - Marriage proposal, Leap year - Saint Patrick and the leap year, Leap year - Birthdays Read more here: » Leap year: Encyclopedia II - Leap year - Hebrew calendar |
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| | | | | Gregorian Calendar: Encyclopedia II - Month - Astronomical background The motion of the Moon in its orbit is very complicated and its period is not constant. Moreover, many cultures (most notably those using the ancient Hebrew (Jewish) calendar and the Islamic calendar) start a month with the first appearance of the thin crescent of the new moon after sunset over the western horizon. The date and time of this actual observation depends on the exact geographical longitude as well as latitude, atmospheric conditions, the visual acuity of the observers, etc. Therefore the beginning and lengths of months in these ...
See also:Month, Month - Astronomical background, Month - Sidereal month, Month - Tropical month, Month - Anomalistic month, Month - Draconic month, Month - Synodic month, Month - Month lengths, Month - Calendrical consequences, Month - Months in various calendars, Month - Julian and Gregorian calendars, Month - French Republican calendar, Month - Islamic calendar, Month - Hebrew Calendar, Month - Hindu Calendar, Month - Iranian/Persian calendar, Month - Icelandic/Old Norse calendar, Month - Notes Read more here: » Month: Encyclopedia II - Month - Astronomical background |
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| | | | | | Gregorian Calendar: Encyclopedia II - Leap year - Birthdays A person who was born on 29 February may be called a "leapling". In non-leap years they usually celebrate their birthday on 28 February or 1 March.
There are many instances in children's literature where a person's claim to be only a quarter of their actual age turns out be based on counting their leap-year birthdays. A similar device is used in the plot of the Gilbert and Sullivan operetta The Pirates of Penzance.
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See also:Leap year, Leap year - Gregorian calendar, Leap year - Which day is the leap day?, Leap year - Julian calendar, Leap year - Revised Julian Calendar, Leap year - Chinese calendar, Leap year - Hebrew calendar, Leap year - Hindu Calendar, Leap year - Iranian calendar, Leap year - Long term leap year rules, Leap year - Marriage proposal, Leap year - Saint Patrick and the leap year, Leap year - Birthdays Read more here: » Leap year: Encyclopedia II - Leap year - Birthdays |
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| | | | | Gregorian Calendar: Encyclopedia II - Heisei - Events 1989 marked one of the most rapid economic growth spurts in Japanese history. With a strong yen and a favorable exchange rate with the dollar, the Bank of Japan kept interest rates low, sparking an investment boom that drove Tokyo property values up sixty percent within the year. Shortly before New Year's Day, the Nikkei 225 reached its record high of 39,000. By 1991, it had fallen to 15,000, signifying the end o ...
See also:Heisei, Heisei - Meaning, Heisei - Events, Heisei - Japanese era name to Gregorian calendar system conversion: Read more here: » Heisei: Encyclopedia II - Heisei - Events |
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| | | | | Gregorian Calendar: Encyclopedia II - Liturgical year - Eastern Orthodox Church In a few, predominantly Eastern Orthodox, nations, religious holidays are celebrated on the corresponding day in the Julian Calendar. From 1900 until 2100, there is a thirteen-day difference between the Julian and the Gregorian Calendar, which is used in most of the world as well as in Eastern Orthodox countries for civil purposes. Thus, for example, Christmas is celebrated on January 7 in these countries. The computation of the day of Easter is, however, completely different between the tw ...
See also:Liturgical year, Liturgical year - Western Christianity, Liturgical year - Advent, Liturgical year - Christmas, Liturgical year - Ordinary Time Time after Epiphany and Septuagesima, Liturgical year - Lent, Liturgical year - Easter, Liturgical year - Ordinary Time Time After Pentecost, Liturgical year - Anglican and Protestant churches, Liturgical year - Eastern Orthodox Church, Liturgical year - The twelve Great Feasts, Liturgical year - Resources Read more here: » Liturgical year: Encyclopedia II - Liturgical year - Eastern Orthodox Church |
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| | | | | Gregorian Calendar: Encyclopedia II - Japanese era name - Unofficial nengō system 私年号 Besides the official nengō system, one encounters in pre-modern works the use of private or unofficial nengō system, known as shinengō (私年号). Little is known about the origin of shinengō. However, scholars have pointed out that the shinengō Hakuho (白鳳) was used during the period from 673 to 686, when no official nengō was designated. Another shinengō Hoko (法興) is said to have been in use during the reign of Emperor Suiko (推古天皇), by the Prince Shotoku (聖徳太子) ...
See also:Japanese era name, Japanese era name - Overview, Japanese era name - Historical nengō, Japanese era name - Nengō in Modern Japan, Japanese era name - Conversion table from nengō to Gregorian calendar years, Japanese era name - Unofficial nengō system 私年号 Read more here: » Japanese era name: Encyclopedia II - Japanese era name - Unofficial nengō system 私年号 |
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| | | | | Gregorian Calendar: Encyclopedia II - Hanukkah - When Hanukkah occurs The dates of Hanukkah are determined by the Hebrew Calendar. Hanukkah begins at the 25th day of Kislev and concluding on the 2nd or 3rd day of Tevet (Kislev can have 29 or 30 days). The Jewish day begins at sunset, whereas the Gregorian Calendar begins the day at midnight. So, the first day of Hanukkah actually begins at sunset of the day immediately before the date noted on Gregorian calendars.
For example, in 2006 Gregorian calendars will likely list Hanukkah on Saturday, December 16, but 25 Kislev actually begins at sunset on Decem ...
See also:Hanukkah, Hanukkah - Commemoration, Hanukkah - Historical sources, Hanukkah - In the Talmud, Hanukkah - In the Septuagint, Hanukkah - The story, Hanukkah - Hanukkah rituals, Hanukkah - Kindling the Hanukkah Lights, Hanukkah - When to light the lights, Hanukkah - Blessings over the candles, Hanukkah - Additions to the daily prayers, Hanukkah - Traditional Hanukkah foods, Hanukkah - Hanukkah games: Dreidel and Gelt, Hanukkah - Dreidel, Hanukkah - Chanukkah Gelt, Hanukkah - Interaction with other traditions, Hanukkah - Alternative spellings based on transliterating Hebrew letters, Hanukkah - Background, Hanukkah - Chronology, Hanukkah - Battles of the Maccabean revolt, Hanukkah - When Hanukkah occurs, Hanukkah - Hanukkah's dates in the Gregorian calendar Read more here: » Hanukkah: Encyclopedia II - Hanukkah - When Hanukkah occurs |
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| | | | | | Gregorian Calendar: Encyclopedia II - Hanukkah - When Hanukkah occurs Further information: Jewish holidays 2000-2050
The dates of Hanukkah are determined by the Hebrew Calendar. Hanukkah begins at the 25th day of Kislev and concluding on the 2nd or 3rd day of Tevet (Kislev can have 29 or 30 days). The Jewish day begins at sunset, whereas the Gregorian Calendar begins the day at midnight. So, the first day of Hanukkah actually begins at sunset of the day immediat ...
See also:Hanukkah, Hanukkah - Commemoration, Hanukkah - Historical sources, Hanukkah - In the Talmud, Hanukkah - In the Septuagint, Hanukkah - The story, Hanukkah - Hanukkah rituals, Hanukkah - Kindling the Hanukkah Lights, Hanukkah - When to light the lights, Hanukkah - Blessings over the candles, Hanukkah - Additions to the daily prayers, Hanukkah - Traditional Hanukkah foods, Hanukkah - Hanukkah games: Dreidel and Gelt, Hanukkah - Dreidel, Hanukkah - Chanukkah Gelt, Hanukkah - Interaction with other traditions, Hanukkah - Alternative spellings based on transliterating Hebrew letters, Hanukkah - Background, Hanukkah - Chronology, Hanukkah - Battles of the Maccabean revolt, Hanukkah - When Hanukkah occurs, Hanukkah - Hanukkah's dates in the Gregorian calendar Read more here: » Hanukkah: Encyclopedia II - Hanukkah - When Hanukkah occurs |
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| | | | | Gregorian Calendar: Encyclopedia II - Eid ul-Adha - Observing Eid ul-Adha It is celebrated on the 10th day of the month of Dhul Hijja (ذو الحجة) of the lunar Islamic calendar, after Hajj, the annual pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia. This happens to be approximately 70 days after the end of the month of Ramadan.
While Eid ul-Fitr is considered to be three days, Eid ul-Adha is supposed to be four days. The first day is the primary holiday, on which men, women, and children are expected to dress in their finest clothing and perform prayer (Salah) in a large congregation. Muslims who can afford to do ...
See also:Eid ul-Adha, Eid ul-Adha - The story behind Eid ul-Adha, Eid ul-Adha - Observing Eid ul-Adha, Eid ul-Adha - Other names for Eid ul-Adha, Eid ul-Adha - Eid ul-Adha in the Gregorian calendar Read more here: » Eid ul-Adha: Encyclopedia II - Eid ul-Adha - Observing Eid ul-Adha |
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| | | | | | Gregorian Calendar: Encyclopedia II - Eid ul-Fitr - Timing The holiday follows the month of Ramadan, falling on the first day of Shawwal (the tenth month in the Islamic calendar). As with all months in the Islamic calendar, it begins with the sighting of the new moon. For this reason there may be regional differences in the exact date of Eid, with some Muslims fasting for 29 days and some for 30 days.
Eid ul-Fitr commemorates the end of the month of Ramadan. Fasting is forbidden on this day as it marks the end of the month-long fast of Ramadan. A Muslim is encouraged to rise early and partake ...
See also:Eid ul-Fitr, Eid ul-Fitr - History, Eid ul-Fitr - Timing, Eid ul-Fitr - Traditions and Practices, Eid ul-Fitr - Eid ul-Fitr in Indonesia, Eid ul-Fitr - Eid ul-Fitr in the USA and Canada, Eid ul-Fitr - Eid ul-Fitr in Malaysia and Singapore, Eid ul-Fitr - Eid ul-Fitr in India Pakistan and Bangladesh, Eid ul-Fitr - Eid ul-Fitr in Iran, Eid ul-Fitr - Eid ul-Fitr in the Gregorian Calendar Read more here: » Eid ul-Fitr: Encyclopedia II - Eid ul-Fitr - Timing |
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| | | | | Gregorian Calendar: Encyclopedia II - Taishō period - Communism and the Response The victory of the Bolsheviks in Russia in 1917 and their hopes for a world revolution led to the establishment of the Comintern (a contraction of Communist International, the organization founded in Moscow in 1919 to coordinate the world communist movement). The Comintern realized the importance of Japan in achieving successful revolution in East Asia and actively worked to form the Japan Communist Party (Nihon Kyōsantō), which was founded in July, 1922. The announced goals of the Japan Communist Party in 1923 were an end to feudalism, ab ...
See also:Taishō period, Taishō period - Meiji Legacy, Taishō period - World War I and hegemony in China, Taishō period - Japan after World War I: Taishō Democracy, Taishō period - Communism and the Response, Taishō period - Taishō foreign policy, Taishō period - End of the Taishō Democracy, Taishō period - Timeline, Taishō period - Japanese era name to Gregorian calendar system conversion: Read more here: » Taishō period: Encyclopedia II - Taishō period - Communism and the Response |
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| | | | | Gregorian Calendar: Encyclopedia II - Taishō period - Meiji Legacy On July 30, 1912, the Meiji Emperor died and Crown Prince Yoshihito succeded the throne, beginning the Taishō period. The end of the Meiji period was marked by huge government domestic and overseas investments and defense programs, nearly exhausted credit, and a lack of foreign exchange to pay debts.
The influence of western culture in the Meiji era continued. Kobayashi Kiyichika (1847–1915) adopted western painting style, while continuing to work in ukiyo-e. Okakura Kakuzo (1862–1913) kept an interest in traditional Japanese painting. Mori Ōgai (1862–1922) and Natsume Sōseki (1867–1916) studied in the West a ...
See also:Taishō period, Taishō period - Meiji Legacy, Taishō period - World War I and hegemony in China, Taishō period - Japan after World War I: Taishō Democracy, Taishō period - Communism and the Response, Taishō period - Taishō foreign policy, Taishō period - End of the Taishō Democracy, Taishō period - Timeline, Taishō period - Japanese era name to Gregorian calendar system conversion: Read more here: » Taishō period: Encyclopedia II - Taishō period - Meiji Legacy |
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| | | | | Gregorian Calendar: Encyclopedia II - Taishō period - World War I and hegemony in China Seizing the opportunity of Berlin's distraction with the European War and wanting to expand its sphere of influence in China, Japan declared war on Germany on August 23, 1914 and quickly occupied German-leased territories in China's Shandong Province and the Mariana, Caroline, and Marshall Islands in the Pacific. On November 7, Jiaozhou surrendered to Japan.
With its Western allies heavily involved in the war in Europe, Japan sought further to consolidate its position in China by presenting the Twenty-One Demands to China in January, ...
See also:Taishō period, Taishō period - Meiji Legacy, Taishō period - World War I and hegemony in China, Taishō period - Japan after World War I: Taishō Democracy, Taishō period - Communism and the Response, Taishō period - Taishō foreign policy, Taishō period - End of the Taishō Democracy, Taishō period - Timeline, Taishō period - Japanese era name to Gregorian calendar system conversion: Read more here: » Taishō period: Encyclopedia II - Taishō period - World War I and hegemony in China |
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| | | | | Gregorian Calendar: Encyclopedia II - Taishō period - Japan after World War I: Taishō Democracy The postwar era brought Japan unprecedented prosperity. Japan went to the peace conference at Versailles in 1919 as one of the great military and industrial powers of the world and received official recognition as one of the "Big Five" of the new international order. Tokyo was granted a permanent seat on the Council of the League of Nations, and the peace treaty confirmed the transfer to Japan of Germany's rights in Shandong, a provision that led to anti-Japanese riots and a mass political movement throughout China. Similarly, Germany's form ...
See also:Taishō period, Taishō period - Meiji Legacy, Taishō period - World War I and hegemony in China, Taishō period - Japan after World War I: Taishō Democracy, Taishō period - Communism and the Response, Taishō period - Taishō foreign policy, Taishō period - End of the Taishō Democracy, Taishō period - Timeline, Taishō period - Japanese era name to Gregorian calendar system conversion: Read more here: » Taishō period: Encyclopedia II - Taishō period - Japan after World War I: Taishō Democracy |
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| | | | | Gregorian Calendar: Encyclopedia II - Taishō period - Taishō foreign policy Emerging Chinese nationalism, the victory of the communists in Russia, and the growing presence of the United States in East Asia all worked against Japan's postwar foreign policy interests. The four-year Siberian expedition and activities in China, combined with big domestic spending programs, had depleted Japan's wartime earnings. Only through more competitive business practices, supported by further economic development and industrial modernization, all accommodated by the growth of the Zaibatsu (lit., "wealth cliques"), could Japan hope ...
See also:Taishō period, Taishō period - Meiji Legacy, Taishō period - World War I and hegemony in China, Taishō period - Japan after World War I: Taishō Democracy, Taishō period - Communism and the Response, Taishō period - Taishō foreign policy, Taishō period - End of the Taishō Democracy, Taishō period - Timeline, Taishō period - Japanese era name to Gregorian calendar system conversion: Read more here: » Taishō period: Encyclopedia II - Taishō period - Taishō foreign policy |
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