Gregor MacGregor

Gregor MacGregor came from Latin America to London, England, in 1820 and pronounced that he had been created cazique (or prince) of the Principality of Poyais, independent region on the Bay of Honduras. Native chief King George Frederick of the Mosquito Shore and Nation had given him the territory of Poyais, 12,500 mile² (32,400 km²) of fertile land with untapped resources, a small number of settlers of British origin, and cooperative natives eager to please. He had created the beginnings of a country with civil service, army and democratic government. Now he needed settlers and investment and had come back ...

See also:

Gregor MacGregor, Gregor MacGregor - Cazique of Poyais, Gregor MacGregor - Eager settlers, Gregor MacGregor - Poyaisian scheme in France, Gregor MacGregor - Lesser Poyais schemes, Gregor MacGregor - Books

Read more here: » Gregor MacGregor: Encyclopedia II - Gregor MacGregor - Cazique of Poyais

A confidence trick, confidence game, also known as a con or scam, is an attempt to intentionally mislead a person or persons (known as the "mark") usually with the goal of financial or other gain. The confidence trickster, con man, scam artist or con artist often works with one or more accomplices called shills, who try to encourage the mark by pretending to believe the trickster. In a traditional con, the mark is encouraged to believe that they will obtain money dishonestly by c ...

Including:

• Confidence trick - Origin of the term
• Confidence trick - Well-known confidence tricks
• Confidence trick - Extra finesse
• Confidence trick - Famous convicted and alleged con artists
• Confidence trick - Confidence tricks in the movies and television
• Confidence trick - Confidence tricks in literature
• Confidence trick - Quotations

Read more here: » Confidence trick: Encyclopedia - Confidence trick

Uppingham School is a co-educational English public school in the small town of Uppingham in Rutland. It was founded in 1584 by Archdeacon Johnson, together with local rival Oakham School. Reverend Edward Thring was the most famous headmaster, 1853-87 and made many innovative changes to the school's curriculum which were later adopted in other English schools. During his headship the school was forced to move temporarily to Borth in Wales after a typhoid outbreak ravaged the student body. The 10 boys' boarding houses at Uppingham are: Brooklands, Constables, Farleigh, Fircroft, Highfield, Lorne Hou ...

Including:

• Uppingham School - Notable alumni Old Uppinghamians

Read more here: » Uppingham School: Encyclopedia - Uppingham School

In the broadest sense, a fraud is a deception made for personal gain, although it has a more specific legal meaning, the exact details varying between jurisdictions. Many hoaxes are fraudulent, although those not made for personal gain are not best described in this way. Not all frauds are hoaxes - electoral fraud, for example. Fraud permeates many areas of life, including art, archaelogogy and science. In the broad legal sense a fraud is any crime or civil wrong for gain that utilises some deception prac ...

Including:

• Fraud - English Law
• Fraud - Known and alleged fraudsters and various forms of fraud

Read more here: » Fraud: Encyclopedia - Fraud

In the present day seven main types of micronations are prevalent: Social, economic, or political simulations. Exercises in personal entertainment or self-aggrandisement. Exercises in fantasy or creative fiction. Vehicles for the promotion of an agenda. Entities created for fraudulent purposes. Historical anomalies and aspirant states. New country projects. Micr ...

See also:

Micronation, Micronation - Definition of micronation, Micronation - Evolution of micronationalism, Micronation - Micronations from the 1960-70s, Micronation - Micronations in Australia, Micronation - Impact of the Internet, Micronation - Recent examples, Micronation - Categories of micronations, Micronation - Social economic or political simulations, Micronation - Exercises in personal entertainment or self-aggrandisement, Micronation - Exercises in fantasy or creative fiction, Micronation - Vehicles for the promotion of an agenda, Micronation - Entities created for allegedly fraudulent purposes, Micronation - Historical anomalies and aspirant states, Micronation - New country projects, Micronation - Academic literary and media attention, Micronation - General entries, Micronation - Specific examples

Read more here: » Micronation: Encyclopedia II - Micronation - Categories of micronations

Many con men employ extra tricks to keep the victim from going to the police: Illegal money. A common ploy of investment scammers is to encourage the victim to use money that has been concealed from the tax authorities. The victim cannot go to the authorities without revealing that they have committed tax fraud. Illegal enterprise. Many swindles involve a minor element of crime or some other misdeed. The victim is made to think that they will gain money by helping fraudsters get huge sums out of a country (the classic N ...

See also:

Confidence trick, Confidence trick - Origin of the term, Confidence trick - Well-known confidence tricks, Confidence trick - Extra finesse, Confidence trick - Famous convicted and alleged con artists, Confidence trick - Confidence tricks in the movies and television, Confidence trick - Confidence tricks in literature, Confidence trick - Quotations

Read more here: » Confidence trick: Encyclopedia II - Confidence trick - Extra finesse

This is a list by country of every cricketer who has played at least one Test match or one-day international. List of cricketers - Australia. Ted A'Beckett · Terry Alderman · George Alexander · Harry Alexander · Frank Allan · Peter Allan · Reginald Allen · Tommy Andrews · Jo Angel · Ken Archer · Ron Archer · Warwick Armstrong · Jack Badcock · Alick Bannerman · Charles Bannerman · Warren Bardsley · Sid Barnes · Ben Barnett · Jack Barrett · Graeme Beard · John Benaud · Richie Bena ...

See also:

List of cricketers, List of cricketers - Test and one-day international cricketers, List of cricketers - Australia, List of cricketers - Bangladesh, List of cricketers - Canada, List of cricketers - East Africa, List of cricketers - England, List of cricketers - Hong Kong, List of cricketers - India, List of cricketers - Kenya, List of cricketers - Namibia, List of cricketers - Netherlands, List of cricketers - New Zealand, List of cricketers - Pakistan, List of cricketers - Scotland, List of cricketers - South Africa, List of cricketers - Sri Lanka, List of cricketers - UAE, List of cricketers - USA, List of cricketers - West Indies, List of cricketers - Zimbabwe, List of cricketers - Other cricketers, List of cricketers - Australia, List of cricketers - Canada, List of cricketers - Denmark, List of cricketers - England and Wales, List of cricketers - Fiji, List of cricketers - Hong Kong, List of cricketers - India, List of cricketers - Ireland, List of cricketers - Netherlands, List of cricketers - New Zealand, List of cricketers - Oman, List of cricketers - Pakistan, List of cricketers - Scotland, List of cricketers - South Africa, List of cricketers - Sri Lanka, List of cricketers - United Arab Emirates, List of cricketers - USA, List of cricketers - West Indies, List of cricketers - Zimbabwe, List of cricketers - Non-players, List of cricketers - Administrators, List of cricketers - Commentators historians and writers, List of cricketers - Fans, List of cricketers - Statisticians and scorers, List of cricketers - Umpires

Read more here: » List of cricketers: Encyclopedia II - List of cricketers - Test and one-day international cricketers

In England and Wales the common law offence of conspiracy to defraud has been retained alongside the statutory form of conspiracy, and it is far wider in its scope than any of the individual statutory offences based on theft including agreements to do something that might not be an offence if done by one person. Examples given by the Law Commission include: the unauthorised acquisition, disclosure or misuse of confidential information, which does not count as "property" for the purposes of theft; the abuse of a fiduciar ...

See also:

Fraud, Fraud - English Law, Fraud - Known and alleged fraudsters and various forms of fraud

Read more here: » Fraud: Encyclopedia II - Fraud - English Law

The micronation phenomenon is tied closely to the development of the nation-state concept in the 19th century, and the earliest recognisable micronations can be dated to that period. Most were founded by eccentric adventurers or business speculators, and several were remarkably successful. These include the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, ruled by the Clunies-Ross family, and Sarawak, ruled by the "White Rajahs" of the Brooke family; both were independent personal fiefdoms in all but name, and survived until well into the 20th century. Author Peter ...

See also:

Micronation, Micronation - Definition of micronation, Micronation - Evolution of micronationalism, Micronation - Micronations from the 1960-70s, Micronation - Micronations in Australia, Micronation - Impact of the Internet, Micronation - Recent examples, Micronation - Categories of micronations, Micronation - Social economic or political simulations, Micronation - Exercises in personal entertainment or self-aggrandisement, Micronation - Exercises in fantasy or creative fiction, Micronation - Vehicles for the promotion of an agenda, Micronation - Entities created for allegedly fraudulent purposes, Micronation - Historical anomalies and aspirant states, Micronation - New country projects, Micronation - Academic literary and media attention, Micronation - General entries, Micronation - Specific examples

Read more here: » Micronation: Encyclopedia II - Micronation - Evolution of micronationalism

Micronations generally have a number of common features: Micronations often assert that they wish to be widely recognised as sovereign states — but they are not so recognised by established states. Micronations are quite small, both geographically and in terms of membership. They rarely have more than a few hundred members — and the vast majority have no more than one or two active participants. Some micronations issue instruments such as passports, stamps, and currency, and confer titles and awards — but these are rarely recogn ...

See also:

Micronation, Micronation - Definition of micronation, Micronation - Evolution of micronationalism, Micronation - Micronations from the 1960-70s, Micronation - Micronations in Australia, Micronation - Impact of the Internet, Micronation - Recent examples, Micronation - Categories of micronations, Micronation - Social economic or political simulations, Micronation - Exercises in personal entertainment or self-aggrandisement, Micronation - Exercises in fantasy or creative fiction, Micronation - Vehicles for the promotion of an agenda, Micronation - Entities created for allegedly fraudulent purposes, Micronation - Historical anomalies and aspirant states, Micronation - New country projects, Micronation - Academic literary and media attention, Micronation - General entries, Micronation - Specific examples

Read more here: » Micronation: Encyclopedia II - Micronation - Definition of micronation

The 1960s and 1970s witnessed the foundation of a number of territorial micronations. The first of these, Sealand, was established in 1967 on an abandoned World War II gun platform in the North Sea just off the East Anglian coast of England, and has survived into the present day. Others were founded on libertarian principles and involved schemes to construct artificial islands, but only three are ...

See also:

Micronation, Micronation - Definition of micronation, Micronation - Evolution of micronationalism, Micronation - Micronations from the 1960-70s, Micronation - Micronations in Australia, Micronation - Impact of the Internet, Micronation - Recent examples, Micronation - Categories of micronations, Micronation - Social economic or political simulations, Micronation - Exercises in personal entertainment or self-aggrandisement, Micronation - Exercises in fantasy or creative fiction, Micronation - Vehicles for the promotion of an agenda, Micronation - Entities created for allegedly fraudulent purposes, Micronation - Historical anomalies and aspirant states, Micronation - New country projects, Micronation - Academic literary and media attention, Micronation - General entries, Micronation - Specific examples

Read more here: » Micronation: Encyclopedia II - Micronation - Micronations from the 1960-70s

One of the most recent examples of a micronation is the "Königreich Kreuzberg" (Kingdom of Kreuzberg) which was founded in 2002 by Christel Göritz and her son Rick in Zweibrücken, Germany, on land previously occupied by a U.S. military base. Rick took the title of King, his mother that of "King Mum". Eberhard Bayer, a Prosecutor in Zweibrücken, declared that he would not prosecute the Göritzs for the offence of abuse of titles, as the title of 'King' had been abolished in Germany, "and is therefore not protected". The town of Zweibrücken was t ...

See also:

Micronation, Micronation - Definition of micronation, Micronation - Evolution of micronationalism, Micronation - Micronations from the 1960-70s, Micronation - Micronations in Australia, Micronation - Impact of the Internet, Micronation - Recent examples, Micronation - Categories of micronations, Micronation - Social economic or political simulations, Micronation - Exercises in personal entertainment or self-aggrandisement, Micronation - Exercises in fantasy or creative fiction, Micronation - Vehicles for the promotion of an agenda, Micronation - Entities created for allegedly fraudulent purposes, Micronation - Historical anomalies and aspirant states, Micronation - New country projects, Micronation - Academic literary and media attention, Micronation - General entries, Micronation - Specific examples

Read more here: » Micronation: Encyclopedia II - Micronation - Recent examples

Micronations generally have a number of common features: Many micronations assert that they wish to be widely recognised as sovereign states — but they are not so recognised by established states. Micronations are quite small, both geographically and in terms of membership. They rarely have more than a few hundred members — and the vast majority have no more than one or two active participants. Micronations typically issue instruments such as passports, stamps, and currency, and confer titles and awards — but these are rarely recogn ...

See also:

Micronation, Micronation - Definition of micronation, Micronation - Evolution of micronationalism, Micronation - Micronations from the 1960-70s, Micronation - Micronations in Australia, Micronation - Impact of the Internet, Micronation - Recent examples, Micronation - Categories of micronations, Micronation - Social economic or political simulations, Micronation - Exercises in personal entertainment or self-aggrandisement, Micronation - Exercises in fantasy or creative fiction, Micronation - Vehicles for the promotion of an agenda, Micronation - Entities created for allegedly fraudulent purposes, Micronation - Historical anomalies and aspirant states, Micronation - New country projects, Micronation - Academic literary and media attention, Micronation - General entries, Micronation - Specific examples

Read more here: » Micronation: Encyclopedia II - Micronation - Definition of micronation

There has been a small but growing amount of attention paid to the micronation phenomenon in recent years. Most interest in academic circles has been concerned with studying the apparently anomalous legal situations affecting such entities as Sealand and the Hutt River Province, in exploring how some micronations represent grassroots political ideas, and in the creation of role-playing entities for instructional purposes. In his 1996 book, Peter Lamborn Wilson analysed 16th to 19th century pirate utopias located on the Barbary Coa ...

See also:

Micronation, Micronation - Definition of micronation, Micronation - Evolution of micronationalism, Micronation - Micronations from the 1960-70s, Micronation - Micronations in Australia, Micronation - Impact of the Internet, Micronation - Recent examples, Micronation - Categories of micronations, Micronation - Social economic or political simulations, Micronation - Exercises in personal entertainment or self-aggrandisement, Micronation - Exercises in fantasy or creative fiction, Micronation - Vehicles for the promotion of an agenda, Micronation - Entities created for allegedly fraudulent purposes, Micronation - Historical anomalies and aspirant states, Micronation - New country projects, Micronation - Academic literary and media attention, Micronation - General entries, Micronation - Specific examples

Read more here: » Micronation: Encyclopedia II - Micronation - Academic literary and media attention

The 1960s and 1970s witnessed the foundation of a number of territorial micronations. The first of these, Sealand, was founded in 1967 on an abandoned World War II gun platform in the North Sea just off the East Anglian coast of England, and has survived into the present day. Others were founded on libertarian principles and involved schemes to construct artificial islands, but only three are known to have had even limited success in realising that goal. Republic of Rose Island was a 400 square-metre platform built in Italian national ...

See also:

Micronation, Micronation - Definition of micronation, Micronation - Evolution of micronationalism, Micronation - Micronations from the 1960-70s, Micronation - Micronations in Australia, Micronation - Impact of the Internet, Micronation - Recent examples, Micronation - Categories of micronations, Micronation - Social economic or political simulations, Micronation - Exercises in personal entertainment or self-aggrandisement, Micronation - Exercises in fantasy or creative fiction, Micronation - Vehicles for the promotion of an agenda, Micronation - Entities created for allegedly fraudulent purposes, Micronation - Historical anomalies and aspirant states, Micronation - New country projects, Micronation - Academic literary and media attention, Micronation - General entries, Micronation - Specific examples

Read more here: » Micronation: Encyclopedia II - Micronation - Micronations from the 1960-70s

Physical abuse Torture / Severe corporal punishment Psychological abuse Humiliation / Intimidation / Bullying Hate speech / Manipulation / Stalking / Coercive persuasion Sexual abuse Sexual assault / Rape Sexual harassment Child abuse / Domestic violence Prisoner abuse / Elder abuse Animal abuse Police brutality Human experimentation Alves Reis, a Portuguese fraudster who forged documents to print official escudo banknotes. He i ...

See also:

Fraud, Fraud - English Law, Fraud - Known and alleged fraudsters and various forms of fraud

Read more here: » Fraud: Encyclopedia II - Fraud - Known and alleged fraudsters and various forms of fraud

Micronationalism shed much of its traditionally eccentric anti-establishment mantle and took on a distinctly hobbyist perspective from the mid-1990s when the emerging popularity of the Internet made it possible to create and promote statelike entities in an entirely electronic medium, with relative ease. As a result the number of exclusively online, fantasy or simulation-based micronations expanded dramatically. The activities of these types of micronations are almost exclusively limited to simulations of diplomatic activity (includin ...

See also:

Micronation, Micronation - Definition of micronation, Micronation - Evolution of micronationalism, Micronation - Micronations from the 1960-70s, Micronation - Micronations in Australia, Micronation - Impact of the Internet, Micronation - Recent examples, Micronation - Categories of micronations, Micronation - Social economic or political simulations, Micronation - Exercises in personal entertainment or self-aggrandisement, Micronation - Exercises in fantasy or creative fiction, Micronation - Vehicles for the promotion of an agenda, Micronation - Entities created for allegedly fraudulent purposes, Micronation - Historical anomalies and aspirant states, Micronation - New country projects, Micronation - Academic literary and media attention, Micronation - General entries, Micronation - Specific examples

Read more here: » Micronation: Encyclopedia II - Micronation - Impact of the Internet

Micronational activities were disproportionately common throughout Australia in the final three decades of the 20th century. The Hutt River Province Principality was the first manifestation of the phenomenon; it was founded in 1970, when Prince Leonard (born Leonard George Casley) declared his farming property independent after a dispute over wheat quotas. 1976 witnessed the creation of the Province of Bumbunga on a rural property near Snowtown, South Australia, by an eccentric British monarchist named Alex Brackstone, while a German immigra ...

See also:

Micronation, Micronation - Definition of micronation, Micronation - Evolution of micronationalism, Micronation - Micronations from the 1960-70s, Micronation - Micronations in Australia, Micronation - Impact of the Internet, Micronation - Recent examples, Micronation - Categories of micronations, Micronation - Social economic or political simulations, Micronation - Exercises in personal entertainment or self-aggrandisement, Micronation - Exercises in fantasy or creative fiction, Micronation - Vehicles for the promotion of an agenda, Micronation - Entities created for allegedly fraudulent purposes, Micronation - Historical anomalies and aspirant states, Micronation - New country projects, Micronation - Academic literary and media attention, Micronation - General entries, Micronation - Specific examples

Read more here: » Micronation: Encyclopedia II - Micronation - Micronations in Australia

This is a list of notable cricketers who have never played Test or one-day international cricket. List of cricketers - Australia. Bill Alley Darren Berry Aaron Bird Doug Bollinger John Buchanan Jarrad Burke Belinda Clark Rick Charlesworth Troy Cooley Edward Cowan Sam Cosstick Richard Driver Denise Emerson Callum Ferguson Eddie Gilbert Anne Gordon Zoe GossSee also:

List of cricketers, List of cricketers - Test and one-day international cricketers, List of cricketers - Australia, List of cricketers - Bangladesh, List of cricketers - Canada, List of cricketers - East Africa, List of cricketers - England, List of cricketers - Hong Kong, List of cricketers - India, List of cricketers - Kenya, List of cricketers - Namibia, List of cricketers - Netherlands, List of cricketers - New Zealand, List of cricketers - Pakistan, List of cricketers - Scotland, List of cricketers - South Africa, List of cricketers - Sri Lanka, List of cricketers - UAE, List of cricketers - USA, List of cricketers - West Indies, List of cricketers - Zimbabwe, List of cricketers - Other cricketers, List of cricketers - Australia, List of cricketers - Canada, List of cricketers - Denmark, List of cricketers - England and Wales, List of cricketers - Fiji, List of cricketers - Hong Kong, List of cricketers - India, List of cricketers - Ireland, List of cricketers - Netherlands, List of cricketers - New Zealand, List of cricketers - Oman, List of cricketers - Pakistan, List of cricketers - Scotland, List of cricketers - South Africa, List of cricketers - Sri Lanka, List of cricketers - United Arab Emirates, List of cricketers - USA, List of cricketers - West Indies, List of cricketers - Zimbabwe, List of cricketers - Non-players, List of cricketers - Administrators, List of cricketers - Commentators historians and writers, List of cricketers - Fans, List of cricketers - Statisticians and scorers, List of cricketers - Umpires

Read more here: » List of cricketers: Encyclopedia II - List of cricketers - Other cricketers

One of the most recent examples of a micronation is the "Königreich Kreuzberg" (Kingdom of Kreuzberg) which was founded in 2002 by Christel Göritz and her son Rick in Zweibrücken, Germany, on land previously occupied by a U.S. military base. Rick took the title of King, his mother that of "King Mum". Eberhard Bayer, a Prosecutor in Zweibrücken, declared that he would not prosecute the Göritzs for the offence of abuse of titles, as the title of 'King' had been abolishe ...

See also:

Micronation, Micronation - Definition of micronation, Micronation - Evolution of micronationalism, Micronation - Micronations from the 1960-70s, Micronation - Micronations in Australia, Micronation - Impact of the Internet, Micronation - Recent examples, Micronation - Categories of micronations, Micronation - Social economic or political simulations, Micronation - Exercises in personal entertainment or self-aggrandisement, Micronation - Exercises in fantasy or creative fiction, Micronation - Vehicles for the promotion of an agenda, Micronation - Entities created for allegedly fraudulent purposes, Micronation - Historical anomalies and aspirant states, Micronation - New country projects, Micronation - Academic literary and media attention, Micronation - General entries, Micronation - Specific examples

Read more here: » Micronation: Encyclopedia II - Micronation - Recent examples