Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922) - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Kemal Atatürk: Encyclopedia - Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–10 November 1938), until 1934 Mustafa Kemal, Turkish army officer and revolutionist statesman, was the fou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkish War Of Independence: Encyclopedia Ii - Turkish War Of Independence - Theatres Of The War
Turkish War of Independence - East-Armenian & Georgia. The border between Armenia and Turkey was defined in the Treaty of Sèvres, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Istanbul Pogrom: Encyclopedia Ii - Istanbul Pogrom - The Pogrom
Istanbul Pogrom - Planning. In his 2005 book, Harvard-trained Byzantinist historian, Speros Vryonis, documents the direct role of the D...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kemal Atatürk: Encyclopedia Ii - Kemal Atatürk - Post War Life And Reforms
Kemal Atatürk - Political consolidation. Kemal Pasha spent the next several years consolidating his control over Turkey and institutin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kemal Atatürk: Encyclopedia Ii - Kemal Atatürk - Post War Life And Reforms
Kemal Atatürk - Political consolidation. Kemal Pasha spent the next several years consolidating his control over Turkey and institutin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Istanbul Pogrom: Encyclopedia Ii - Istanbul Pogrom - Aftermath
As private insurance did not exist in Turkey at the time, the only hope the pogrom’s victims had for compensation was from the Turkish ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Istanbul Pogrom: Encyclopedia Ii - Istanbul Pogrom - Background
Istanbul Pogrom - The Greeks of Constantinople/Istanbul. Although Constantinople was capital of the Byzantine Empire until 1453, the co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kemal Atatürk: Encyclopedia Ii - Kemal Atatürk - Early Career
In Damascus, he soon joined a small secret revolutionary society of reform-minded officers called Vatan ve Hürriyet (Motherland and Libe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - August 30: Encyclopedia - August 30
August 30 is the 242nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (243rd in leap years), with 123 days remaining. August 30 - Events. 7...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia - Greece
Greece, (Greek: Ελλάδα, older form: Ελλάς, Hellas), officially the Hellenic Republic (Greek: Ελληνική Δημοκρατ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kemal Atatürk: Encyclopedia Ii - Kemal Atatürk - Later Military Career
When the Ottoman Empire entered World War I on the side of Germany, Mustafa Kemal was posted to Tekirdağ (on the Sea of Marmara. Kemal ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kemal Atatürk: Encyclopedia Ii - Kemal Atatürk - Early Life
Atatürk was born in the city of Thessalonica (Turkish: Selanik) in Macedonia (Northern Greece; part of Ottoman Empire of that day), wher...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Istanbul Pogrom: Encyclopedia Ii - Istanbul Pogrom - Reactions
Although the Menderes government attempted to blame Turkish Communists for the pogrom, most foreign observers were aware of who was to bl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkish War Of Independence: Encyclopedia Ii - Turkish War Of Independence - The Precursors
The war followed World War I, and the Treaty of Sevres. It culminated with the establishment of the modern Turkish Republic, which was cl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kemal Atatürk: Encyclopedia Ii - Kemal Atatürk - Military Career
When the Ottoman Empire entered World War I on the side of Germany, Mustafa Kemal was posted to Tekirdağ (on the Sea of Marmara). Kemal...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkish War Of Independence: Encyclopedia Ii - Turkish War Of Independence - Stage For Peace March 1922- April 1923
The first communication between nationals and the Entente build when the first time Entente began to see the need to make some kind of ar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkish War Of Independence: Encyclopedia Ii - Turkish War Of Independence - Jurisdictional Conflict March 1920 - March 1922
The new government in Constantinople hoping to dissolute the national movement passed a fatwa from Şeyhülislam (legal opinion). The fat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kemal Atatürk: Encyclopedia Ii - Kemal Atatürk - Early Life
Atatürk was born in the city of Thessalonica (Turkish: Selanik) in Macedonia (Northern Greece; part of Ottoman Empire of that day), wher...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkish War Of Independence: Encyclopedia Ii - Turkish War Of Independence - Initial Organization May 1919-march 1920
Atatürk needed national support. His notoriety from his position, and his status as a hero after the battle of Gallipoli, gave him some ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Population Transfer: Encyclopedia Ii - Population Transfer - Cases Of Population Transfer
Population transfer - United States: Native American relocations. In the nineteenth century, the United States government removed a num...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Military Engagements Of World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Military Engagements Of World War I - Europe
List of military engagements of World War I - Western Front. First Battle of the Aisne Battle of Loos Battle of Liège Battle of the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Save The Children: Encyclopedia Ii - Save The Children - History
The Save the Children Fund was founded in London in 1919 by Eglantyne Jebb and her sister Dorothy Buxton. Their goal then was to create '...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military History Of Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of Greece - List Of Greek Military Encounters
Military history of Greece - Prehistoric and ancient period. Trojan War Battle of Ephesus Persian Wars Battle of Marathon Battle of T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - The Dark Ages And The Great Migrations
History of the Balkans - Nomadic peoples. Western Huns empire stretched in 434 AD from Central Europe to the Black Sea and from the Dan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rafina: Encyclopedia Ii - Rafina - Geographical Location
Rafina is east of the Penteli mountains and northeast of the Mesogeia plain with an exception of farmland near the coastline to the north...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Music Of Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Music Of Greece - Greek Music History
Greek written history extends far back into Ancient Greece, and was a major part of ancient Greek theater. Later, influences from the Rom...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - The Dark Ages And The Great Migrations
History of the Balkans - Nomadic peoples. Western Huns empire stretched in 434 AD from Central Europe to the Black Sea and from the Dan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Greece - History
Main Article: History of Greece. Greece - Prehistory and antiquity. The shores of Greece's Aegean Sea saw the emergence of the first ci...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aegean Dispute: Encyclopedia Ii - Aegean Dispute - Maritime And Areal Zones Of Influence
Several of the Aegean issues deal with the delimitation of both countries' zones of influence in the air and on the sea around their resp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Modern Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Modern Greece - Reign Of King Othon 1833–1863
When the 17-year-old Bavarian Prince Otto was installed by the London Conference of 1832 as King of Greece, he adopted the Greek name Oth...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Greece - History
Main Article: History of Greece. Greece - Prehistory and antiquity. The shores of Greece's Aegean Sea saw the emergence of the first ci...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hellenic Army: Encyclopedia Ii - Hellenic Army - Organization
See main article Structure of the Hellenic Army. Hellenic Army - General Staff. Hellenic Army General Staff — Γενικό Επιτ�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Greece - History
Main Article: History of Greece. Greece - Prehistory and antiquity. The shores of Greece's Aegean Sea saw the emergence of the first ci...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kurdistan: Encyclopedia Ii - Kurdistan - History
Kurds claim descent from various ancient groups; among them the Guti, Mannai, Hurrian and Medes. The Medes came under Persian rule during...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kallithea: Encyclopedia Ii - Kallithea - The Growth Of The City
Between the first (1896) and the recent (2004) modern Olympic Games in Athens the city of Kallithea grew significantly. First the tramway...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Modern Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Modern Greece - Reign Of King Othon 1833–1863
When the 17-year-old Bavarian Prince Otto was installed by the London Conference of 1832 as King of Greece, he adopted the Greek name Oth...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - The Dark Ages And The Great Migrations
History of the Balkans - Nomadic peoples. Western Huns empire stretched in 434 AD from Central Europe to the Black Sea and from the Dan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acritic Songs: Encyclopedia Ii - Acritic Songs - Subject
Written in Medieval Greek, the acritic songs deal with the ανδραγαθίες (heroic deeds) of ακρίτες (frontiersmen), warrio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Greece - Culture
Main article: Culture of Greece Greece has produced a vast number of contributors to philosophy, astronomy, science, and the arts. For a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Greece - Name
Main article: Names of the Greeks The historical name of Greece in Greek is Ἑλλάς Ellás /ɛˈlas/. This name is also written as He...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Greece - Politics
Main article: Politics of Greece The 1975 constitution includes extensive specific guarantees of civil liberties. The President of the Re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Modern Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Modern Greece - Wars And Crises 1913–1920
Venizelos formed a secret alliance with Bulgaria, Montenegro and Serbia, and in October 1912 they all declared war on the Ottomans (see B...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Greece - Local Government
Main article: Peripheries of Greece Greece consists of 13 administrative regions known as peripheries, which subdivide further into the 5...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Greece - Geography
Main article: Geography of Greece The country consists of a large mainland at the southern end of the Balkans; the Peloponnesus peninsula...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Greece - Tourism
Main article: Tourism in Greece In the year of 2004, Greece ranked 12th in terms of international tourist arrivals world wide with a figu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Greece - Economy
Main article: Economy of Greece Greece has a mixed capitalist economy with the public sector accounting for about half of GDP. Tourism ha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Greece - Demographics
Main article: Demographics of Greece Estimates regarding the ethnic makeup of Greece vary widely; immigrants who are not ethnic Greeks ma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Rise Of Independence
The Ottoman (Turkish) Empire was losing influence, status and territory throughout the 19th century, known as the 'sick man of Europe'; a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Classical Antiquity
History of the Balkans - Odrysian empire. Main article: Odrysian empire The Odrysian empire was a union of Thracian tribes that was p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Early History
History of the Balkans - Chalcolithic cultures. Early cultures of the Balkans were predominantly agricultural. Archaeologists have iden...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Current State And Perspectives
Since 2000, all Balkan countries are friendly towards the EU and the USA. Greece has been a member of the European Union since 1981. Slov...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - The Balkans In Modern Times
History of the Balkans - World War I in the Balkans. World War I (then known as the Great War) started when a Serb man called Gavrilo P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Middle Ages And The Early Modern Period
The Balkans was a confluence of great powers, a buffer between occident and orient. Various wars, rebellions, invasions, and disputes bet...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Rise Of Independence
The Ottoman (Turkish) Empire was losing influence, status and territory throughout the 19th century, known as the 'sick man of Europe'; a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Current State And Perspectives
Since 2000, all Balkan countries are friendly towards the EU and the USA. Greece has been a member of the European Union since 1981. Slov...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - The Balkans In Modern Times
History of the Balkans - World War I in the Balkans. World War I (then known as the Great War) started when a Serb man called Gavrilo P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Balkan Wars
Main article: Balkan Wars History of the Balkans - First Balkan War. Main article: First Balkan War For more info please use the main...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - The Pig War
Main Article: Bosnian crisis The means adopted by the governments of Vienna and Budapest to nullify the plans of Serbian expansion were ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Balkan Wars
Main article: Balkan Wars History of the Balkans - First Balkan War. Main article: First Balkan War For more info please use the main...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - The Pig War
Main Article: Bosnian crisis The means adopted by the governments of Vienna and Budapest to nullify the plans of Serbian expansion were ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military History Of Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of Greece - List Of Fortifications In Greece
Military history of Greece - Ancient & Roman. Long Walls Military history of Greece - Mediæval period. Monemvasia Mistra Pa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military History Of Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of Greece - 19th Century
Military history of Greece - 20th century. First Balkan War Second Balkan War Greco-Italian War Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922) Battle o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Greece - Demographics
Main article: Demographics of Greece Estimates regarding the ethnic makeup of Greece vary widely; immigrants who are not ethnic Greeks ma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Modern Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Modern Greece - World War And Civil War 1940–1949
Greece suffered terrible privations during World War II, since the Germans appropriated most of the country's agricultural production and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military History Of Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of Greece - List Of Greek Military Alliances
Military history of Greece - Ancient. Achaean League League of Corinth Delian League Peloponnesian League Military history of Greece...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Early History
History of the Balkans - Chalcolithic civilization. Early cultures of the Balkans were predominantly agricultural. Archaeologists have ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hellenic Army: Encyclopedia Ii - Hellenic Army - History
See main article, History of the Hellenic Army. The Hellenic Army took part in the following wars: Greek War of Independence (1821-1827)...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Middle Ages And The Early Modern Period
The Balkans was a confluence of great powers, a buffer between occident and orient. Various wars, rebellions, invasions, and disputes bet...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Classical Antiquity
History of the Balkans - Odrysian empire. Main article: Odrysian empire The Odrysian empire was a union of Thracian tribes that was p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Modern Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Modern Greece - Republic And Monarchy 1920–1940
King Alexander died suddenly in October 1920, having been bitten by a monkey. A few days later Venizelos was defeated at elections and Di...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Military Engagements Of World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Military Engagements Of World War I - Air Engagements
World War I was the first war to see major use of planes for offensive, defensive and reconnaissance operations, and both the Entente Pow...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Modern Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Modern Greece - Postwar Greece 1950–present
After the civil war, Greece sought to join the Western democracies and became a member of NATO in 1952. From 1952 to late 1963, Greece wa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Modern Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Modern Greece - World War And Civil War 1940–1949
Italian troops crossed the border on October 28, 1940, but determined Greek defenders drove the invaders back into Albania (see Greco-Ita...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Modern Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Modern Greece - Republic And Monarchy 1920–1940
King Alexander died suddenly in October 1920, having been bitten by a monkey. A few days later Venizelos lost the elections. Venizelos de...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Early History
History of the Balkans - Chalcolithic civilization. Early cultures of the Balkans were predominantly agricultural. Archaeologists have ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Classical Antiquity
History of the Balkans - Odrysian empire. Main article: Odrysian empire The Odrysian empire was a union of Thracian tribes that was p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - The Pig War
Main Article: Bosnian crisis The means adopted by the governments of Vienna and Budapest to nullify the plans of Serbian expansion were ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Rise Of Independence
The Ottoman (Turkish) Empire was losing influence, status and territory throughout the 19th century, known as the 'sick man of Europe'; a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Middle Ages And The Early Modern Period
The Balkans was a confluence of great powers, a buffer between occident and orient. Various wars, rebellions, invasions, and disputes bet...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Modern Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Modern Greece - Wars And Crises 1913–1920
Venizelos formed a secret alliance with Bulgaria, Montenegro and Serbia, and in October 1912 they all declared war on the Ottomans (see B...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Modern Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Modern Greece - Reign Of King George I 1864–1913
At the urging of Britain and King George, Greece adopted a much more democratic constitution in 1864. The powers of the King were reduced...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Greece - Local Government
Main article: Peripheries of Greece Greece consists of 13 administrative regions known as peripheries, which subdivide further into the 5...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Greece - Politics
Main article: Politics of Greece The 1975 constitution includes extensive specific guarantees of civil liberties. The President of the Re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Greece - Name
Main article: Names of the Greeks The historical name of Greece in Greek is Ἑλλάς Ellás /ɛˈlas/. This name is also written Hella...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Greece - Geography
Main article: Geography of Greece The country consists of a large mainland at the southern end of the Balkans; the Peloponnesus peninsul...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Greece - Economy
Main article: Economy of Greece Greece has a mixed capitalist economy with the public sector accounting for about half of GDP. Tourism ha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Greece - Culture
Main article: Culture of Greece Greece has produced a vast number of contributors to philosophy, astronomy, science, and the arts. For a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Greece - Demographics
Main article: Demographics of Greece Greece has various linguistic and cultural minorities. A non-comprehensive list of these would inclu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Greece - Tourism
Main article: Tourism in Greece In the year of 2004, Greece ranked 12th in terms of international tourist arrivals world wide with a figu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Balkan Wars
Main article: Balkan Wars History of the Balkans - First Balkan War. For more info please use the main article; October 8, 1912 the Fir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - The Balkans In Modern Times
History of the Balkans - World War I in the Balkans. World War I (then known as the Great War) started when a Serb man called Gavrilo P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Population Transfer: Encyclopedia Ii - Population Transfer - Changing Legal Opinions
The view of international law on population transfer underwent considerable evolution during the 20th century. Prior to World War II, a n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Population Transfer: Encyclopedia Ii - Population Transfer - Issues Arising From Population Transfer
According to political scientist Norman Finkelstein transfer was considered as an almost humanist solution to the problems of ethnic conf...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Music Of Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Music Of Greece - Folk Music
Main article: Greek folk music Greek folk traditions are said to derive from the music played by ancient Greeks. There are said to be two...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rafina: Encyclopedia Ii - Rafina - Road And Sea Access
The town can be accessed through Marathonos Avenue (GR-54) to the west. Other roads link with the town of Artemida, also known as Loutsa,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acritic Songs: Encyclopedia Ii - Acritic Songs - Origins
The majority of academics trace the origins of Byzantine acritic romance in the oral epic poetry of the 9th - 10th century. Greek scholar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aegean Dispute: Encyclopedia Ii - Aegean Dispute - The Islands
While all the issues described so far are related to zones of influence at sea or in the air, there have also been a number of disputes r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acritic Songs: Encyclopedia Ii - Acritic Songs - Poems
Most poems did not survive the Ottoman occupation of Greece, and only a fraction remains of the original number of works, yet the ones we...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acritic Songs: Encyclopedia Ii - Acritic Songs - Background
With the Arab expansion in the late 7th century came a life of warfare for the residents of easternmost territories. Syria was occupied i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Military Engagements Of World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Military Engagements Of World War I - Contemporary Wars
Some historians consider some of these wars as being part of World War I, as they are considered to have a direct connection to the start...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Military Engagements Of World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Military Engagements Of World War I - Naval Engagements
See also: Naval warfare of World War I List of military engagements of World War I - Atlantic Theatre. First Battle of Heligoland Bigh...   » Read the article