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Encyclopedia
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Greco-buddhist Art: Encyclopedia Ii - Greco-buddhist Art - Greco-buddhist Artistic Interaction
As soon as the Greeks invaded India to form the Indo-Greek kingdom, a fusion of Hellenistic and Buddhist elements started to appear, enco...
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Greco-buddhist Art: Encyclopedia Ii - Greco-buddhist Art - Southern Influences Of Greco-buddhist Art
Greco-Buddhist art - The art of the Sunga.
Examples of the influence of Hellenistic or Greco-Buddhist art on the art of the Sunga empir...
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Greco-buddhist Art: Encyclopedia Ii - Greco-buddhist Art - Greco-buddhist Influences In Eastern Asia
The arts of China, Korea and Japan adopted Greco-Buddhist artistic influences, but tended to add many local elements as well. What remain...
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Buddhist Symbolism
Buddhist symbolism appeared from around the 3rd century BCE, and started with aniconic symbolism, avoiding direct representations of the ...
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Silk Road Transmission Of Art: Encyclopedia Ii - Silk Road Transmission Of Art - Greco-buddhist Art
Silk Road transmission of art - Buddha.
The image of the Buddha, originating during the 1st century CE in northern India (areas of Gand...
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Indo-greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia - Indo-greek Kingdom
The Indo-Greeks (or sometimes Greco-Indians) designate a series of Greek kings, who invaded and controlled parts of northwest and norther...
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Hadda: Encyclopedia - Hadda
Hadda is a Greco-Buddhist archeological site located in the ancient area of Gandhara, inside the Khyber Pass, six miles south of the city...
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Greco-buddhism: Encyclopedia - Greco-buddhism
Greco-Buddhism, sometimes spelled Græco-Buddhism, is the cultural syncretism between the culture of Classical Greece and Buddhism, which...
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Cultural Elements Of Buddhism: Encyclopedia - Cultural Elements Of Buddhism
The cultural elements of Buddhism vary by region and include:
Buddhist cuisine
Buddhist art
Buddharupa
Art and architecture of Japan
...
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Buddhist Symbolism: Encyclopedia - Buddhist Symbolism
Buddhist symbolism appeared from around the 3rd century BCE, and started with aniconic symbolism, avoiding direct representations of the ...
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Art In Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia - Art In Ancient Greece
The art of ancient Greece has exercised an enormous influence on the culture of many countries from ancient times until the present, part...
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Kushan Empire: Encyclopedia - Kushan Empire
The Kushan Empire (c. 1st–3rd centuries) was a state that at its height, about 105–250, stretched from Tajikistan to the Caspian Sea ...
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Art Of Ancient Egypt: Encyclopedia - Art Of Ancient Egypt
Image:Egypt nefertiti.jpg
Ancient Egyptian arts is an art form which is five thousand years old and emerged and took shape in the ancient...
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Kemal Atatürk: Encyclopedia - Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–10 November 1938), until 1934 Mustafa Kemal, Turkish army officer and revolutionist statesman, was the fou...
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Demetrius I Of Bactria: Encyclopedia Ii - Demetrius I Of Bactria - Demetrius And Buddhism
There are many records of the Sunga empire persecuting Buddhism, but on the contrary Buddhism flourished under the Indo-Greek kings, and ...
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Greco-buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Greco-buddhism - Intellectual Influences In Asia
Through art and religion, the influence of Greco-Buddhism on the cultural make-up of East Asian countries, especially China, Korea and Ja...
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Greco-buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Greco-buddhism - Artistic Influences
Main article: Greco-Buddhist art
Numerous works of Greco-Buddhist art display the intermixing of Greek and Buddhist influences, around su...
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Silk Road Transmission Of Art: Encyclopedia Ii - Silk Road Transmission Of Art - Eastern Iconography In The West
Some elements of western iconography were adopted from the East along the Silk Road. The aureole in Christian art first appeared in the 5...
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Indo-greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-greek Kingdom - The Indo-greeks And Buddhism
Main article: Greco-Buddhism
The Edicts of Ashoka, inscribed during the reign of the Indian emperor Ashoka (273-232 BCE), claim that the ...
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Silk Road Transmission Of Art: Encyclopedia Ii - Silk Road Transmission Of Art - Hellenistic Art
Following the expansion of the Greco-Bactrians into Central Asia, Greek influences on Han art have often been suggested (Hirth, Rostovtze...
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Demetrius I Of Bactria: Encyclopedia Ii - Demetrius I Of Bactria - Invasion Of India
Demetrius started the invasion of northern India from 190 BCE, following the destruction of the Mauryan dynasty by the general Pusyamitra...
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Demetrius I Of Bactria: Encyclopedia Ii - Demetrius I Of Bactria - Aftermaths
Demetrius I died of unknown reasons, and the date 180 BCE, is merely a suggestion aimed to allow suitable regnal periods for subsequent k...
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Indo-greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-greek Kingdom - Religion
In addition to the worship of the Classical pantheon of the Greek deities found on their coins (Zeus, Herakles, Athena, Apollo...), the I...
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Indo-greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-greek Kingdom - Indo-greeks In The Art Of Gandhara
The Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara, beyond the omnipresence of Greek style and stylistic elements which might be simply considered as an ...
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Indo-greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-greek Kingdom - Art
Indo-Greek Kingdom - Incipient Greco-Buddhist art.
Main article: Greco-Buddhist art
In general, the art of the Indo-Greeks is poorly do...
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Indo-greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-greek Kingdom - Scythian And Kushan Invasions
From 130 BCE, Indo-European nomads (the Scythians and then the Yuezhi) started to invade Bactria from the north. In 125 BCE the Greco-Bac...
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Indo-greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-greek Kingdom - The Indo-greeks And Other Faiths
Indo-Greek Kingdom - Hinduism.
The first known bilingual coins of the Indo-Greeks were issued by Agathocles around 180 BCE. These coins...
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Indo-greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-greek Kingdom - Historical Outline
The Indo-Greek kingdom was established by Demetrius, the son of the Greco-Bactrian king Euthydemus.
Indo-Greek Kingdom - Occupation of N...
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Indo-greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-greek Kingdom - The Indo-greeks And Indian Culture
Buddhism flourished under the Indo-Greek kings, and it has been suggested that their invasion of India was intended to show their support...
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Indo-greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-greek Kingdom - Culture
Buddhism flourished under the Indo-Greek kings, and it has been suggested that their invasion of India was intended to show their support...
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Indo-greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-greek Kingdom - Aftermaths
From the 1st century CE, the Greek communities of central Asia and northwestern India lived under the control of the Kushan branch of the...
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Indo-greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-greek Kingdom - Main Indo-greek Kings Timeline And Territories
There were over 30 Indo-Greek kings, often in competition on different territories. Many of them are only known through their coins.
Not ...
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Indo-greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-greek Kingdom - Enduring Legacy Of The Indo-greek Kingdom
From the 1st century CE, the Greek communities of central Asia and northwestern India lived under the control of the Kushan branch of the...
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Greco-buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Greco-buddhism - Religious Interactions
The length of the Greek presence in Central Asia and northern India provided opportunities for interaction, not only on the artistic, but...
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Indo-greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-greek Kingdom - Armed Forces
The coins of the Indo-Greeks provide rich clues on their uniforms and weapons. Typical Hellenistic uniforms are depicted, with helmets be...
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Indo-greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-greek Kingdom - Early History
Local turmoil preceded the invasion of northern India undertaken by Demetrius, son of the Greco-Bactrian king Euthydemus, circa 180 BCE. ...
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Indo-greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-greek Kingdom - Later History
Indo-Greek Kingdom - Eastern territories.
After around 100 BCE, Indian kings recovered the area of Mathura and Eastern Punjab east of t...
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Indo-greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-greek Kingdom - Economy
Very little is known about the economy of the Indo-Greeks. The abundance of their coins would tend to suggest large mining operations, pa...
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Hadda: Encyclopedia Ii - Hadda - Background
Numerous Greco-Buddhist sculptures (around 23,000 of them) in clay or plaster were excavated in Hadda during the 1930s and the 1970s. The...
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Greco-buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Greco-buddhism - Greco-buddhism And The Rise Of The Mahayana
The geographical, cultural and historical context of the rise of Mahayana Buddhism during the 1st century BCE in northwestern India, all ...
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Greco-buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Greco-buddhism - Historical Outline
The interaction between Hellenistic Greece and Buddhism started when Alexander the Great conquered Asia Minor and Central Asia in 334 BCE...
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Greco-buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Greco-buddhism - Greco-buddhism And The West
In the direction of the West, the Greco-Buddhist syncretism may also have had some formative influence on the religions of the Mediterran...
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Kushan Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Kushan Empire - The Kushans And Buddhism
Cultural exchanges also flourished, encouraging the development of Greco-Buddhism, a fusion of Hellenistic and Buddhist cultural elements...
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Buddhist Art: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Art - Iconic Phase 1st Century Ce – Present
Anthropomorphic representations of the Buddha started to emerge from the 1st century CE in northern India. The two main centers of creati...
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Hadda: Encyclopedia Ii - Hadda - Works Of Art
A sculptural group excavated at the Hadda site of Tapa-i-Shotor, represents a Buddha surrounded by a perfectly Hellenistic Herakles and T...
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Art Of Ancient Egypt: Encyclopedia Ii - Art Of Ancient Egypt - Evolution Of Ancient Egyptian Art
Art of Ancient Egypt - Middle Kingdom.
Art of Ancient Egypt - The Amarna period.
Main Article : Amarna art
During the Eighte...
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Fujin: Encyclopedia Ii - Fujin - Origins
The iconography of Fujin seems to have its origin in the cultural exchanges along the Silk Road. Starting with the Hellenistic period whe...
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Gandhara: Encyclopedia Ii - Gandhara - Gandharan Art
Gandhāra is noted for the distinctive Gandhāra style of Buddhist art, a consequence of the Greco-Buddhist syncretism which fused Indian...
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Art Of Ancient Egypt: Encyclopedia Ii - Art Of Ancient Egypt - Art Forms
Ancient Egyptian art forms are characterized by regularity and detailed depiction of human beings and the nature, and, were intended to p...
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Art Of Ancient Egypt: Encyclopedia Ii - Art Of Ancient Egypt - Paintings
Ancient Egyptian paintings survived due to the extremely dry climate. The ancient Egyptians created paintings to make the afterlife of th...
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Gandhara: Encyclopedia Ii - Gandhara - Gandhara Under Greek Rule
The decline of the Empire left the sub-continent open to Greco-Bactrian expansion. Southern Afghanistan was absorbed by Demetrius of Bact...
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Art Of Ancient Egypt: Encyclopedia Ii - Art Of Ancient Egypt - Character And Style
Homeometric regularity, keen observation and exact representation of actual life and nature, and strict conformity to a set of rules rega...
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Ai-khanoum: Encyclopedia Ii - Ai-khanoum - Significance
The findings are of considerable importance, as no known remain of the Greco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek civilizations had been uncovered in ...
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Silk Road Transmission Of Buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Silk Road Transmission Of Buddhism - Artistic Influences
Central Asian missionnary efforts along the Silk Road were accompanied by a flux of artistic influences, visible in the development of Se...
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Buddhas Of Bamiyan: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhas Of Bamiyan - History
Bamiyan lies on the Silk Road, a caravan route linking China and India. It was the site of several Buddhist monasteries, and a thriving c...
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Maitreya: Encyclopedia Ii - Maitreya - General Description
Maitreya is typically pictured seated, with both feet on the ground, indicating that he has not yet completed ascending his throne. He is...
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Kanishka: Encyclopedia Ii - Kanishka - Kanishka And Buddhism
Kanishka's reputation in Buddhist tradition is based mainly on his having convened the 4th Buddhist Council in Kashmir. This council is a...
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Buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhism - Buddhism After The Buddha
Buddhism spread slowly in India until the powerful Mauryan emperor Ashoka converted to it and actively supported it. His promotion led to...
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Gandhara: Encyclopedia Ii - Gandhara - Gandharan Art
Gandhāra is noted for the distinctive Gandhāra style of Buddhist art, a consequence of merger of Greek, Syrian, Persian and Indian art ...
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History Of Buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Buddhism - Expansion Of Buddhism To The West
After the Classical encounters between Buddhism and the West recorded in Greco-Buddhist art, information and legends about Buddhism seem ...
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Gandhara: Encyclopedia Ii - Gandhara - Gandhara Under Graeco Bactrians Sakas And Indo-parthinas
The decline of the Empire left the sub-continent open to Greco-Bactrian expansion. Southern Afghanistan was absorbed by Demetrius of Bact...
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Hadda: Encyclopedia Ii - Hadda - Buddhist Scriptures
It is believed the oldest surviving Buddhist manuscripts -indeed the oldest surviving Indian manuscripts of any kind- were recovered arou...
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Silk Road: Encyclopedia Ii - Silk Road - Artistic Transmission On The Silk Road
Many artistic influences transited along the Silk Road, especially through the Central Asia, where Hellenistic, Iranian, Indian and Chine...
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Hadda: Encyclopedia Ii - Hadda - Gallery
Greek clothes, amphoras, wine and music, Hadda, 1st century CE.
Portraits from Hadda, 3rd century CE.
Decorative scrolls from Hadda.
The ...
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Silk Road: Encyclopedia Ii - Silk Road - Artistic Transmission On The Silk Road
Many artistic influences transited along the Silk Road, especially through the Central Asia, where Hellenistic, Iranian, Indian and Chine...
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Kushan Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Kushan Empire - A Multi-cultural Empire
In the following century, the Yuezhi tribe of the Guishuang (Ch: 貴霜) gained prominence over the others, and welded them into a tight ...
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Kushan Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Kushan Empire - Contacts With China
During the 1st and 2nd century, the Kushan Empire expanded militarily to the north and occupied parts of the Tarim Basin, their original ...
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Kushan Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Kushan Empire - Origins
Chinese sources describe the Guishuang (Ch:貴霜), i.e. the "Kushans" as one of the five tribes of the Yuezhi (Ch:月氏), a loose confe...
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University Of Pennsylvania Museum Of Archaeology And Anthropology: Encyclopedia Ii - University Of Pennsylvania Museum Of Archaeology And Anthropology - Collections
The UPM features a variety of comprehensive collections including galleries of artifacts from Egypt, China and Mesopotamia. Other highlig...
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Kushan Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Kushan Empire - Main Kushan Rulers
6th century BCE
5th century BCE
4th century BCE
3rd century BCE
2nd century BCE
1st century BCE
&...
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Kushan Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Kushan Empire - Contacts With Rome
Several Roman sources describe the visit of ambassadors from the Kings of Bactria and India during the 2nd century CE, probably referring...
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Kushan Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Kushan Empire - Decline
From the 3rd century the Kushan empire began to fragment.
Around 225 Vasudeva I died and the Kushan empire was divided into western and e...
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Culture Of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia Ii - Culture Of Afghanistan - Art
Afghan Art has spanned many centuries. One of the most famous types is the Gandhara Art between the 1st and 7th centuries which was had G...
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Mixed Martial Arts: Encyclopedia Ii - Mixed Martial Arts - History Of Mma
Modern mixed-martial arts contests have a long history, dating back at least to the late 1800s when wrestlers representing a huge range o...
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Mixed Martial Arts: Encyclopedia Ii - Mixed Martial Arts - History Of Mma
Modern mixed-martial arts contests have a long history, dating back at least to the late 1800s when wrestlers representing a huge range o...
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Culture Of Turkey: Encyclopedia Ii - Culture Of Turkey - Music
Turkey is a country on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, and is a crossroads of cultures from across Europe, North Africa, the ...
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Western Culture: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Culture - History
The ancient Greek conception of science, philosophy, democracy, architecture, literature, and art provided a foundation embraced and buil...
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Kemal Atatürk: Encyclopedia Ii - Kemal Atatürk - Post War Life And Reforms
Kemal Atatürk - Political consolidation.
Kemal Pasha spent the next several years consolidating his control over Turkey and institutin...
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History Of Saffron: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Saffron - Middle Eastern
Saffron-based pigments have been found in the prehistoric paints used to depict beasts in 50,000-year-old cave art in what is today Iraq....
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Cherub: Encyclopedia Ii - Cherub - Cherubim In Christian Imagery
The conception of angels derived from Biblical descriptions is difficult to present as a visual image, and furthermore composite beings a...
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Habsburg Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Habsburg Spain - Spanish Art And Culture 1516-1700
Main article: Spanish Golden Age
The Spanish Golden Age was a flourishing period of arts and letters in Spain which spanned roughly from ...
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Dan Severn: Encyclopedia Ii - Dan Severn - Biography
Dan Severn - Wrestling.
Severn has a long history in Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestling. He was an All-American at Arizona State, a me...
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Culture Of Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Culture Of Spain - Art
Culture of Spain - Old Masters.
Alonso Cano
El Greco
Francisco Goya
Bartolome Esteban Murillo
Diego Velázquez
Ignacio Zuloaga
Francis...
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Persian People: Encyclopedia Ii - Persian People - Persian Arts
The artist heritage of Persia is actually quite eclectic and includes major contributions from both east and west. Persian art borrowed h...
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Fort Worth Texas: Encyclopedia Ii - Fort Worth Texas - Attractions
Fort Worth Texas - Cultural district.
The Modern (formerly the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth), founded in 1892, is the oldest art mu...
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Fort Worth Texas: Encyclopedia Ii - Fort Worth Texas - Attractions
Fort Worth Texas - Cultural district.
The Modern (formerly the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth), founded in 1892, is the oldest art mu...
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Kemal Atatürk: Encyclopedia Ii - Kemal Atatürk - Post War Life And Reforms
Kemal Atatürk - Political consolidation.
Kemal Pasha spent the next several years consolidating his control over Turkey and institutin...
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Encyclopedia
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Spanish Golden Age: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Golden Age - Painting
Spain, in the time of the Italian Renaissance, had seen few great artists come to its shores. The Italian holdings and relationships made...
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Dictionary
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Occult Sciences:
Spiritual Theosophical
Dictionary On
Occult Sciences
Occult Sciences. The science of the secrets of nature - physical and psychic, mental and spiritual; called Hermetic and Esoteric Scien...
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Bimaran Casket: Encyclopedia Ii - Bimaran Casket - Description
The casket features hellenistic representations of the Buddha (contrapposto pose, Greek himation, bundled hairstyle, realistic execution)...
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Kemal Atatürk: Encyclopedia Ii - Kemal Atatürk - Early Life
Atatürk was born in the city of Thessalonica (Turkish: Selanik) in Macedonia (Northern Greece; part of Ottoman Empire of that day), wher...
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Kemal Atatürk: Encyclopedia Ii - Kemal Atatürk - Military Career
When the Ottoman Empire entered World War I on the side of Germany, Mustafa Kemal was posted to Tekirdağ (on the Sea of Marmara).
Kemal...
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Kemal Atatürk: Encyclopedia Ii - Kemal Atatürk - Early Life
Atatürk was born in the city of Thessalonica (Turkish: Selanik) in Macedonia (Northern Greece; part of Ottoman Empire of that day), wher...
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Kemal Atatürk: Encyclopedia Ii - Kemal Atatürk - Early Career
In Damascus, he soon joined a small secret revolutionary society of reform-minded officers called Vatan ve Hürriyet (Motherland and Libe...
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Kemal Atatürk: Encyclopedia Ii - Kemal Atatürk - Later Military Career
When the Ottoman Empire entered World War I on the side of Germany, Mustafa Kemal was posted to Tekirdağ (on the Sea of Marmara.
Kemal ...
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Greco-buddhist Art: Encyclopedia Ii - Greco-buddhist Art - Greco-buddhist Art Expansion In Central Asia
Greco-Buddhist artistic influences naturally followed Buddhism in its expansion to Central and Eastern Asia from the 1st century BCE.
Gr...
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Greco-buddhist Art: Encyclopedia Ii - Greco-buddhist Art - Greco-buddhist Art Expansion In Central Asia
Greco-Buddhist artistic influences naturally followed Buddhism in its expansion to Central and Eastern Asia from the 1st century BCE.
Gr...
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Greco-buddhist Art: Encyclopedia Ii - Greco-buddhist Art - Hellenistic Art In Southern Asia
Powerful Hellenistic states were established in the areas of Bactria and Sogdiana, and later northern India for three centuries following...
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Greco-buddhist Art: Encyclopedia Ii - Greco-buddhist Art - The Kushan Contribution
The later part of Greco-Buddhist art in northwestern India is usually associated with the Kushan Empire. The Kushans were nomadic people ...
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Greco-buddhist Art: Encyclopedia Ii - Greco-buddhist Art - Influences On South-east Asian Art
The Indian civilization proved very influential on the cultures of South-East Asia. Most countries adopted Indian writing and culture, to...
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